GÖRSEL BİR İMAJ VE MEKÂN METAFORUNUN KAYNAĞI OLARAK BAHAR

Yaygın kullanımında bir mevsime karşılık gelen bahar sözcüğü, klâsik Türk şiirinde çiçek, yaprak, yüz ve yanak anlamlarının yanı sıra put, tapınak ve kiliseyi de karşılamaktadır. Sözcüğün bu çok çeşitli kullanımlarında görsel bir tasviri ifade arayışı göze çarpmaktadır. Klâsik Türk şiirinde güzellik unsurlarının bir mekân estetiğinin yansımalarından doğduğu söylenebilir. Baharın lügatlerdeki karşılığına ve örnek metinlerde kullanımına bakıldığında, sözcüğün aslında mekânı ifade eden bir kavramken zamanla o mekânın niteliklerine benzer özellikler gösteren başka bir anlamsal forma dönüştüğü görülecektir. Hristiyanlara ait mabetlerde de tapınaklarda olduğu gibi resim ve putların bulunması, kilisenin klâsik Türk edebiyatında bahar sözcüğüyle karşılanmasına neden olmuştur, denebilir. Şiirlerde görsel bir imaj öne çıkarılmak istendiğinde kilisenin (deyr), sahip olduğu resim ve süslemeler sebebiyle bir istiare olarak dış mekânın ifadesinde kullanıldığı görülmektedir

Hûb u zişte nazar et: Modern Öncesi Osmanlıda Güzellik ve Çirkinlik

Modern öncesi Osmanlı estetik düşüncesi İslâm estetiğinin bir parçası olarak gelişti. Bu estetik anlayışında güzel ve iyi, ayrılmaz bir bütünlük içinde olduğu için çirkin ve kötü, sanat eserine pek yansımaz. Güzellik için belirli ilkelerin varlığı dikkat çeker; oran, simetri ve ahenk gibi biçim ilkeleri, güzellik için açıkça gerekli görülür. Modern öncesi Osmanlı estetik tasavvurunda teorik bir çerçeve sunulmasa da belirli niteliklerin varlığı temelinde üzerinde uzlaşılan bir “güzellik” tanımının olduğu görülür. Sanatçı, herkesin bildiği ve bir şekilde arzuladığı bu güzelliği kendi bakış açısının eseri olarak görmeyeceği için muhatabını etkileyecek oyun ve kurgulara tenezzül etmeden yine herkesle açık bir şekilde paylaşır. Estetikte güzel ve iyi arasındaki özdeşlik düşüncesi, her kültürde aynı sanat anlayışını doğurmaz. Güzelin izini süren Osmanlı kültürü kötü ve çirkini konu etmemiştir. Geleneksel eğilim, güzellik kuramının çirkinlik kavramına bağlıdır. Bu anlayışın şiir ve minyatüre yansımalarını göstermeye ek olarak, makalede modern öncesi Osmanlı estetik tecrübesinde güzellik ve çirkinlik anlayışı özetlenirken, estetik anlayış ve sanat eserleri arasındaki kültürel bütünlük üzerinde durulmaya çalışılmıştır

Ankaferd Blood Stopper’in karın içi kullanımı periton içi yapışıklık oluşumunu arttırır mı?

AMAÇ Bu çalışmanın amacı, karın içi kullanılan Ankaferd Blood Stopper’in (ABS) periton içi yapışıklık oluşumunu arttırıp arttırmadığını ve in vivo kullanıma bağlı majör toksik etkilerini irdelemektir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM Bu deneysel çalışma, çekal abrazyon uygulanan sıçan modelinde Ankaferd solüsyonunun periton içi yapışıklık oluşumu üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek üzere dizayn edildi. Periton içi yapışıklıklar cerrahi uygulama sonrası 10. gün makroskopik ve histopatolojik inceleme ile belirlendi. Yan etki varlığını irdelemek için kan, akciğer ve karaciğer dokuları alındı. BULGULAR Ankaferd Blood Stopper’in kullanımı ile karın içi yapışıklık oluşumunun azaldığı görüldü. ABS uygulanmasının kan biyokimyasal incelemelerinde herhangi bir bozulmaya neden olmadığı saptandı. Ancak akciğerlerde ve bağırsakların serozal yüzeylerinde akut ve kronik enflamatuvar değişiklikler ve karaciğerde minör yapısal değişiklikler izlendi. Bu değişikliklerin hiçbiri toksik değişiklik olarak değerlendirilmedi. ABS’nin diğer etkilerinin belirlenmesi için farklı dozlarda ve farklı klinik senaryolarda ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. SONUÇ Periton içi yapışıklık oluşumu ABS uygulanan grupta kontrol grubu ve SF grubuna kıyasla daha az görüldü. İntraperitoneal ABS kullanıma bağlı olarak herhangi bir toksik etki saptanmamakla birlikte bazı minör değişiklikler gözlenmiştir.BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether intraabdominal Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) causes increased intraabdominal adhesion formation and to determine any side effects of ABS in vivo. METHODS The present experimental study was designed to examine the effects of Ankaferd solution on peritoneal adhesion formation in a rat model of cecal abrasion. Intraperitoneal adhesions were assessed macroscopically and histopathologically on the 10th postoperative day. The possible adverse affects of ABS on liver and lung tissues were analyzed histopathologically, and blood chemistry was also evaluated. RESULTS Our study revealed that ABS reduced intraperitoneal adhesion formation in an experimental rat model. The blood chemistry was not disturbed due to ABS administration. Intraperitoneal administration of ABS led to some minor changes in the lungs and serosal surfaces of the intestines, with minor architectural changes in the liver that were not considered as toxic. Further studies with various application doses and routes with more detailed cellular analysis are thus warranted to clarify the possible pleiotropic and adverse effects of this new agent away from hemostasis. CONCLUSION There was less intraperitoneal adhesion formation in the ABS group than in the control group and saline group. Intraperitoneal administration of ABS has no toxic effects on blood chemistry or the lungs, kidneys and the liver, but it has some minor adverse effects

The effect of sildenafil on an animal model for ischemic colitis

WOS: 000255955700024PubMed: 17932755Introduction Sildenafil both enhances vasodilatation by relaxing the smooth muscle in the vessels and inhibits platelet aggregation. We have therefore examined the potential benefits of sildenafil on an animal model for ischemic colitis (IC). Methods Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats weighing 250-300 g were randomized into three experimental groups as follows: in Group 1, animals were sham operated (n = 8) and received tap water; in Groups 2 and 3, the rats underwent a standardized surgical procedure to induce IC (n = 10 in each group). Group 2 animals served as the controls, receiving only tap water, while Group 3 animals received 10 mg/kg sildenafil per day as a single dose for a 3-day period. All animals were sacrificed 72 h after devascularization. To determine the severity of the ischemia, we scored the macroscopically visible damage, measured the ischemic area and scored the histopathology. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were also evaluated. Results The mean area of ischemic changes were 116.80 +/- 189.93 and 0.55 +/- 1.01 mm(2) in Group 2 and 3 animals, respectively (p = 0.0001), while the macroscopically mean visible damage score decreased to 0.66 +/- 0.70 (p = 0.0001) for Group 3 animals. The Chiu scores were 0.00, 3.80 +/- 0.91 and 2.66 +/- 1.00 in Group 1, 2 and 3 animals, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between Group 2 and 3 animals (p = 0.017). Conclusions Our findings support the view that sildenafil leads to a improvement in IC due to its well-known effects on the vascular smooth muscle and on the microcirculatory hemodynamics

Effect of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate on ischemic anastomosis of the left colon.

WOS: 000266280200006PubMed: 19466656Introduction: 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate may be a good alternative in ischemic colon anastomosis without impairment of tissue perfusion. Methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four experimental groups (n = 10 in each group). In group 1 (control), a well-perfused left colonic segment was transected, and free ends were anastomosed by propylene sutures. In groups 2, 3, and 4, the animals underwent a standardized surgical procedure to induce ischemic left colon anastomosis. In group 2, an end-to-end anastomosis was created using six interrupted 6-0 polypropylene sutures between ischemic edges. In group 3, after approximating the mesenteric and antimesenteric edges of the anastomosis with two 6-0 polypropylene sutures, 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate was applied between the edges. In group 4, anastomosis was created by the same technique as described in group 2, and additionally 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate was applied on suture line. Rats were killed on day 4 following operation. Anastomotic integrity, intraperitoneal adhesion scores, anastomotic bursting pressures, and tissue hydroxyproline levels were recorded. Histopathological examination of the anastomosis was also performed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences among groups with respect to anastomotic integrity (p =.142). The mean bursting pressure values were 81.1 23.83, 43.3 26.06, 15.8 11.3, and 17.6 18.02 in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among groups 2, 3, and 4 with respect to tissue hydroxyproline levels and bursting pressure levels. The highest adhesion scores were observed in groups 3 and 4. Discussion: 2-octyl cyanoacrylate does not have additional advantages in the healing of experimental ischemic colon anastomosis

Protective effects of erythropoietin against acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis

WOS: 000251840200007PubMed: 18069756AIM: To investigate the effect of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) administration on acute lung injury (ALI) in an experimental model of sodium taurodeoxycholate-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS: Forty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham group (n = 5), 3 ANP groups (n = 7 each) and 3 EPO groups (n = 7 each). ANP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate into the common bile duct. Rats in EPO groups received 1000 U/kg intramuscular EPO immediately after induction of ANP Rats in ANP groups were given 1 mL normal saline instead. All animals were sacrificed at postoperative 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Serum amilase, IL-2, IL-6 and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Pleural effusion volume and lung/body weight (LW/BW) ratios were calculated. Tissue levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IL-6 were screened immunohistochemically. Additionally, ox-LDL accumulation was assessed with immune-fluorescent staining. Histopathological alterations in the lungs were also scored. RESULTS: The mean pleural effusion volume, calculated LW/BW ratio, serum IL-6 and lung tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in EPO groups than in ANP groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in either serum or tissue values of IL-2 among the groups. The level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 and accumulation of ox-LDL were evident in the lung tissues of ANP groups when compared to EPO groups, particularly at 72 h. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the improvement in lung injury parameters after exogenous EPO administration, particularly, at 48 h and 72 h. CONCLUSION: EPO administration leads to a significant decrease in ALI parameters by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) accumulation, decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in circulation, preserving microvascular endothelial cell integrity and reducing oxidative stress-associated lipid peroxidation and therefore, can be regarded as a cytoprotective agent in ANP-induced ALI. (c) 2007 WJG. All rights reserved

Association of biochemical and clinical parameters with parathyroid adenoma weight. Turkish-Bulgarian endocrine and breast surgery study group, hyperparathyroidism registry study

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) caused by a single benign parathyroid adenoma is a common endocrine disorder that is affected by regional differences. Living in different geographical regions reveals differences in the laboratory results and pathological findings, but studies on this subject are not sufficient. The article focuses on biochemical and pathological effects of geographical differences in parathyroid adenoma. In addition, the present study seeks to elaborate on treatment methods and effectiveness of screening in geographical area of Bulgaria and Turkey. Method: In this prospective study, 159 patients were included from 16 centres. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, biochemical markers and pathologic characteristics were analysed and compared between 8 different regions. Results: Patients from Turkish Black Sea had the highest median serum calcium (Ca) level, whereas patients from Eastern Turkey had the lowest median serum phosphorus (P) level. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between Ca, parathormone (PTH) and P levels according to regions. Patients from Eastern Turkey had the highest adenoma weight, while patients from Bulgaria had the lowest adenoma weight. The weight of adenoma showed statistically significant differences between regions (p < 0.001). There was a correlation between adenoma weight and serum PTH level (p = 0.05) and Ca level (p = 0.035). Conclusion: This study has provided a deeper insight into the effect of the regional differences upon clinicopathological changing and biochemical values of pHTP patients with adenoma. Awareness of regional differences will assist in biochemical screening and treatment of this patient group. (c) 2021 Asian Surgical Association and Taiwan Robotic Surgery Association. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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TÜBİTAK EEEAG31.05.200