Effects of experimental diabetes on testis proliferations and apoptosis in rats

This work aimed to investigate the role of diabetes on cell proliferation, and apoptosis in testis. The rats were randomly allotted into one of two experimental groups: control and diabetic group; each group contain 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Testicular damage was examined by using hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptosis was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Potential disorders associated with seminiferous tubular sperm formation were evaluated using the Johnsen score. The mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) and mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS) values were significantly decreased in diabetic group was compared to the control group. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the expression of PCNA and an enhancement in the activity of TUNEL in testis tissues of the diabetic group. The effects of diabetes on spermatogenesis can be clearly detected as a testicular cell death and decrease in MTBS, MSTD, and PCNA expression. © 2011 OMU All rights reserved

Acylated and Desacylated Ghrelin, Preptin, Leptin, and Nesfatin-1 Peptide Changes Related to the Body Mass Index

This study examines the levels of acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, leptin, and nesfatin-1 peptide changes related to the body mass index (BMI). The subjects were allocated to 5 groups depending on their BMIs as follows: Group I (BMI 40 kg/m2). Serum acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, and leptin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nesfatin-1 was measured by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Desacylated ghrelin levels showed a gradual and statistically significant drop from Group I to Group V, while preptin and leptin levels exhibited a gradual and significant increase from Group I to Group IV. Serum nesfatin-1 levels gradually, but not significantly, increased from Group I to Group III and showed a significant decrease in Groups IV and V. In conclusion, leptin, preptin, and acylated ghrelin (AG) levels increased with higher BMI, whereas desacylated ghrelin (DAG) decreased and nesfatin-1 showed no clear relationship to BMI

Pathological and molecular investigation of canine distemper virus: Phylogenetic analysis of co-circulating genetic lineages in Turkiye

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that infects a wide variety of animals of carnivore species and may cause manifestations from subclinical infection to fatal disease. In this study, dogs clinically suspected having distemper were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), histopathology and immuno-histochemistry. By histopathological examination, characteristic intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the lung, stomach, small intestine, liver, kidney, spleen and central nervous system. Interstitial and broncho-interstitial pneumonia, gastroenteritis and encephalitis were revealed. CDV antigens were detected in all tissues with characteristic histopathological findings. The antigens were more abundant in the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and in the syntitial cells. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the PCR-amplified partial sequences of the genes encoding the viral heamagglutinin and fusion proteins. The phylogenetic trees showed that the newly determined sequences were diverse and clustered within different lineages of the European or the Arctic strains

Subacute aflatoxicosis due to moldy bread consumption in a dog

Kaya, Ertugrul/0000-0003-0081-682XWOS: 000365546700003A 2-year-old male Anatolian shepherd dog was delivered to Firat University veterinary emergency service in a comatose state with a history of anorexia and was in poor general condition with icterus, epistaxis and melena. Marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase (474 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (463 IU/L), hyperbilirubinemia (9.15 mg/dl) and blood urea nitrogen (192 mg/dl) were highly suggestive of hepato-renal failure. Despite intravascular supportive fluid administration, the dog died two hours after arrival. This patient was the fourth dog to die from the same farm within an eight day period. The necropsy revealed severe diffuse icterus, severe and diffuse intestinal intraluminal hemorrhage, unclotted hemorrhagic fluid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, enhanced lobular pattern in the liver, mesenteric arterial thrombosis, diffuse splenic, pancreatic and gastrointestinal edema and plant material in the stomach. The main histological findings in the liver included centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis, degenerative changes, moderate cytomegaly, cholestasis and regenerative nodule formation. Aflatoxin exposure was confirmed by determining the levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) or their metabolite (M1) in the bread included in the dog's diet (AFB1: 326 mu g/kg, AFB2: 142 mu g/kg, AFG1: 1542 mu g/kg, AFG2:1151 mu g/kg, AFM1:72 mu g/kg), in the liver (AFB1: 0.35 mu g/kg, AFG1: 0.32 mu g/kg, AFG2: 0.75 mu g/kg, AFM1: 1.70 mu g/kg) and in the urine (AFG2: 2.55 mu g/kg, AFM1: 8.60 mu g/kg) by HPLC. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were isolated from bread samples. Tests for leptospirosis, adenovirus infection and mushroom intoxication (alpha, beta and gamma amanitins) were all negative. Unique morphological changes including mesenteric arterial thrombosis and renal tubular megalocytosis have not been reported before in association with canine aflatoxicosis

Several Tick-Borne Pathogenic Viruses in Circulation in Anatolia, Turkey

Introduction: We screened host-collected ticks for tick-borne viruses, including those recently documented as human pathogens.Methods: During 2020-2021, ticks removed form cattle, sheep, dogs, and cats in 11 provinces in 5 geographically distinct regions of Anatolia were identified, pooled, and screened using pan-nairovirus, pan-flavivirus and individual assays for Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), and Tacheng tick virus 1 and 2 (TcTV-1 and TcTV-2).Results: A total of 901 tick specimens, comprising 6 species were included. Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex was the most abundant species (44.1%), followed by Rhipicephalus bursa (38.3%), Haemaphysalis parva (7.2%), and others. The specimens were screened in 158 pools with 12 pools (7.6%) being positive. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) lineage Europe 2 (genotype VI) sequences were detected in R. bursa in five (3.2%) of the pools, with similar prevalences in central and Mediterranean Anatolian provinces. JMTV was identified in four R. bursa and one Rhipicephalus turanicus pools, collected from Mediterranean and southeastern Anatolia, with a CCHFV and JMTV coinfected R. bursa pool. The JMTV segment 1 sequences formed a separate cluster with those from Turkey and the Balkan peninsula in the maximum likelihood analysis. TcTV-2 was detected in two Dermacentor marginatus specimens (1.3%) collected in central Anatolia, with nucleocapsid sequences forming a phylogenetically segregated group among viruses from humans and ticks from China and Kazakhstan.Discussion: CCHFV Europe 2 was initially documented in ticks from central Anatolian locations, where related orthonairoviruses had been previously recorded. Ongoing activity and a wider distribution of JMTV and TcTV-2 were observed. These viruses should be screened as potential etiological agents in human infections associated with tick bites