Evaluation of the Readability of Informed Consent Forms Used for Emergency Procedures

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the readability levels of informed consent forms used for patient consent before emergency procedures applied in emergency service in Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Emergency Service Clinic through readability formula. METHOD: Fifteen informed patient consent forms used for emergency medical applications in Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Emergency Medicine Department were evaluated. Information text available on the forms was transferred into Microsoft Word program. Average word number, syllable number and words with syllable number of four and above were calculated. Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz formulas defined for determining the readability level of Turkish texts and Gunning fog, Flesch kincaid formulas measuring the general readability level were used for calculating the readability level of consent forms. RESULTS: Readability levels of all consent forms were detected at average difficulty level according to Ateşman formula, very difficult according to Flesch-Kincaid formula, difficult according to Gunning fog formula and at high school level according to Bezirci-Yılmaz. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the readability level of emergency intervention consent forms used in the clinic was detected as hard and required high school or higher education level. The conclusion is that attention should be paid to this subject which is both medically and legally binding for the doctors and verbal and visual support should be provided for informing the patients in addition to consent forms

Is there a difference between the readabilities of informed consent forms used for procedures in the emergency services of state and university hospitals in Turkey?

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the readability levels of informed consent forms (ICFs) used for procedures in the emergency services of state and university hospitals by comparing through readability formulas. Materials and Methods: ICFs used in emergency medicine clinics in different university and state hospitals in Turkey were collected, and forms that were the same were included in the evaluation only once. A total of 32 ICFs, with 15 from university hospitals and 17 from state hospitals, were evaluated. Average word number, syllable number, and words with syllable number of four and above were calculated. Different formulas were used to determine readability levels. Results: Although the readability of ICFs used in university hospitals was found to be better than those in state hospitals, the readability levels of the ICFs for both groups were detected to have medium difficulty according to the Atesman formula, very difficult according to the Flesch-Kincaid formula, difficult according to the Gunning-Fog formula, and at high school level according to the Bezirci-Yilmaz formula. Conclusion: In conclusion, the readability rates of emergency procedure ICFs in both state hospitals and university hospitals were detected to be rather low according to the present study. The education level of our country and the local environment should be considered while preparing these ICFs

Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms in Intrusion Detection Systems

With the developing technology, the need for the dissemination and protection of information is becoming increasingly important. Recently, attacks on information systems have increased significantly. In addition to the rise in the number of attacks, attacks of different types pose a great threat to systems. As a result of these attacks, institutions and users suffer serious damages. At this point, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have a very important position. The pre-detection of these attacks on the systems and the preparation of the necessary reports can reduce the impact of the threats that may be encountered in the future. Recent studies are carried out so as to increase the performance of IDS. In this paper, classification was made using NSL-KDD dataset and SVM, KNN, Bayesnet, NavieBayes, J48 and Random Forest algorithms, and it was aimed to compare performance of these classifications by using WEKA. Consequently, it has been reached that the KNN algorithm had the best performance with an accuracy rate of 98.1237 %. In addition, the effect of increasing the number of folds and neighborhoods on the classification result has been examined comparatively

Resin wastewater characterization

Endüstriyel atık suların neden olduğu su kirliliği problemleri günümüzde oldukça yaygındır. Bu çalışmada, halihazırda tehlikeli atık olarak bertarafı pahalı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilen reçine atık sularının tekno-ekonomik olarak arıtımına ışık tutacak karakterizasyon çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Endüstriyel atık suların karakterizasyonuna esas olan klasik parametreler ile yapılan ölçüm sonuçları atık suyun üretim proseslerinden kaynaklanan yüksek derecede organik kirlilik içerdiğini (KOİ=19875 mg/L, TOK=6143 mg/L, BOİ5=5879 mg/L) göstermiştir. Yapılan genel toksisite testleri atık suyun hacimsel olarak Daphnia sp. (24 saat) organizmaları dikkate alındığında tatlı sularda LC50=%1.25, anaerobik ve aerobik karışık kültürler dikkate alındığında sırasıyla 24 saatlik IC50=%16.1, ve 48 saatlik IC50=%15.0 toksik ve inhibe edici seviyeler tespit edilmiştir. Halihazırda yakılarak çok yüksek maliyetle bertarafı yapılan bu atıksuyun, belli seviyelerde biyolojik olarak arıtımının mümkün, alıcı ortam deşarj standartlarını sağlayacak ölçüde arıtımının ise daha ileri teknojilerle mümkün olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Water pollution problems caused by industrial wastewater are quite common today. In this study, characterization studies were carried out to shed light on the technoeconomic treatment of resin wastewater, which is currently expensive to dispose of as hazardous waste. The measurement results with the classical parameters, which are the basis for the characterization of industrial wastewater, showed that the wastewater contains a high degree of organic pollution (COD=19875 mg/L, TOC=6143 mg/L, BOD5=5879 mg/L) originating from the production processes. The general toxicity tests carried out show that Daphnia sp. with considering the organisms, the wastewater by volume LC50=1,25% with 24 hour in fresh water, IC50=16.1% with 24 hour, and IC50=15,0% with 48 hour, respectively, when anaerobic and aerobic mixed cultures are taken into account, toxic and inhibitory levels were determined. It has been concluded that this wastewater, which is currently disposed of at a very high cost by incineration, can be biologically treated at certain levels, and that it can be treated with more advanced technologies to meet the receiving environment discharge standards

From the Editors

Journal of Industrial Policy and Technology Management (JIPAT) celebrates its first issue. The mission of Journal of Industrial Policy and Technology Management (JIPAT) is to provide an academic platform for the researchers to share and reach findings of scientific studies. The editorial board which includes distinguished scholars from different countries has chosen the papers to contribute to the extant literature. Papers focused on industrial policy and technology management. ..

1995-2019 Yılları Arasında Türkiye’nin Yolsuzluk Düzeyi ile Kurumlar Vergisi Arasındaki İlişki

Kurumlar vergisi, tüzel kişilerden ve sermaye şirketlerinin kurum kazançları üzerinden alınan bir vergidir. Kurumlar vergisinin başlangıcı 1909 yılı olmasına rağmen özellikle Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında bu vergi önem kazanmıştır. Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü, ülkelerin kamu kesiminde algılanan yolsuzluğu 1995 yılından itibaren anketler yardımıyla ölçmekte ve yolsuzluk algılama endeksi olarak yıllık bazda yayınlamaktadır. Endeks ülkelerdeki yoksulluk seviyelerini 2012 yılına kadar 0-10 arasında, 2012 yılı sonrasında ise 0-100 arasında değerlendirmektedir. Ülkelerdeki endeks değerlerinin sıfıra yaklaşması yolsuzluğun arttığı anlamına gelmektedir. Çalışmamızda, Türkiye’nin 1995-2019 yılları arasındaki kurumlar vergisi oranları, kurumlar vergisi gelirleri, kurumlar vergisi gelirlerinin GSYH içindeki payı ile yolsuzluk algılama endeksi arasındaki ilişki, yıllık veriler kullanılarak granger nedensellik analizi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Ülkemizdeki kurumlar vergisi oranları referans yılları içinde değişiklik göstermesi nedeniyle kurumlar vergisi gelirlerinde ve kurumlar vergisi gelirlerinin GSYH içindeki payında değişikliğe neden olmaktadır. Vergi oranlarındaki değişikliğin bu olumsuz etkisini ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla referans yıllardaki vergi oranlarının ortalaması alınarak kurumlar vergisi gelirleri ve gelirlerin GSYH içindeki payı yeniden hesaplanarak analize dahil edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, değişkenler arasında ilişki olmadığı tespit edilmiştir

Work-related injuries sustained by emergency medical technicians and paramedics in Turkey

BACKGROUND: Evaluated in the present study were locations, descriptions, and results of work-related injuries (WRIs) sustained by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics in Turkey’s most crowded city, İstanbul. METHODS: After the present study had been accepted by the urban health authority, a questionnaire was emailed to the healthcare personnel of İstanbul’s 195 ambulance stations. RESULTS: Included in the present study were the responses of 901 members of staff (660 EMTs and 241 paramedics), with a mean age of 29.5±6.1 (min: 18; max: 61). The majority of participants (94.9%) had encountered verbal abuse from the public, and 39.8% had encountered physical violence from patients’ relatives. Levels of satisfaction with work in emergency medical services (EMS) was also evaluated, and 510 participants (57.6%) were unhappy. Regarding gender, female employees were more likely to be verbally attacked (p=0.01), while males were more likely to be physically attacked (p=0.001). It was reported that motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were the most common cause of WRIs (81.4%), followed by needle-stick injuries (52.2%), ocular exposure to blood and other fluids (30.9%), and sharp injuries (22.5%). Only 10.5% (n=95) of WRIs were reported to authorities; 488 (54.2%) of participants just attended to the practice to prevent possible WRIs. CONCLUSION: For paramedics and EMTs, risk of WRI is obviously high. Strategies to decrease and prevent verbal and physical violence should be developed. © 2016 TJTES

Effects of verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy in breast cancer cells

560-566Photodynamic therapy works with a photosensitizer that is stimulated when exposed to a light source of a specific wavelength and produces a form of oxygen that can be used in cancer treatments. In this study, we investigated the effect of laser on apoptosis on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) treated with verteporfin in cell culture media. Verteporfin added MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated without light for 24 hours after applying laser light at a wavelength of 695 nm at an intensity of 50 J/cm2 at various times. Anti-proliferative effects were evaluated by immunoreactivity of anti-Bcl-2 and anti-Bax antibodies by immunocytochemical staining. When anti-Bax/Anti-Bcl-2 ratio are compared, the ratio of 1.5 in the control group cells decreases in short-term laser applications, while it approaches normal values in the 7th min after long-term laser application and reaches a very high value in the 9th min. Therefore, our results suggest that verteporfin-mediated PDT may be a potential combined therapy strategy against breast carcinoma by increasing apoptosis

Can hematological and biochemical parameters fasten the diagnosis of COVID-19 in emergency departments?

INTRODUCTION: The primary aim of the study was to compare the laboratory and radiological parameters of COVID-19 positive and negative patients confirmed by Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and Chest Computed Tomography (CCT) of patients admitting with the suspicion of COVID-19. The secondary purpose of the study was to find objective parameters to speed up the clinician for further examination, treatment or referral decision in COVID-19 suspicion.   MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 61 COVID-19 suspected patients were evaluated in the study. Swab samples were taken for RT-PCR analysis. CCT was taken for 42 patients who described dyspnea. According to CCT and RT-PCR results, the patient population was divided into 2 groups as COVID-19 positive group (n = 32); and COVID-19 negative group (n = 29). Between two groups; demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters were compared.   RESULTS: Male gender (p = 0.03), PLR value (p = 0.021) and CO-RADS scores were higher in the COVID-19 positive group. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) (p = 0.027) and PCT, WBC, Neutrophil count, Lymphocyte count values were significantly low in COVID-19 positive group (p = 0.03, p = 0.001, p = 0.017, p = 0.021, respectively). PLR showed a positive correlation with fever, CRP, neutrophil count and NLR, which are indicators of inflammation.   CONCLUSIONS: SaO2, WBC, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count and low PCT levels, and PLR elevation showed a significant difference in COVID-19 patients in our retrospective cohort study examining the Turkish population. We believe that these results will allow clinicians to make quick decisions in patient management more simply

Comparison of salinity effects on grafted and non-grafted eggplants in terms of ion accumulation, MDA content and antioxidative enyzme activities

Grafting onto resistant/tolerant rootstocks is known to alleviate the negative effects of abiotic stress factors like salinity by enhancing their enzymatic antioxidant defense system and having more efficient nutrient uptake. This study was carried out under greenhouse conditions, different rootstock/scion eggplant combinations were grown under two salinity treatments 1.8-2 dS/m (control) and 6-7 dS/m (stress) with seven eggplant genotypes as rootstocks (commercial and Turkish genotypes). Two genotypes were used as the scion. Leaf MDA and ions (Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca++) content, antioxidant enzymes activity were evaluated as indicators for plant tolerance level. It was found that the rootstock-grafted plants were more efficient in preventing Na+ ions to be transferred to the plants upper parts and had higher SOD, CAT, and APX activity levels compared to the self- and non-grafted plants which resulted in better tolerance and growth in these plants