Seed Dormancy

Dormancy is when there is a lack of germination in seeds or tubers even though the required conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen, and light) are provided. Dormancy is based on hard seed coat impermeability or the lack of supply and activity of enzymes (internal dormancy) necessary for germination. Dormancy is an important factor limiting production in many field crops. Several physical and chemical pretreatments are applied to the organic material (seeds/tubers) to overcome dormancy. Physical and physiological dormancy can be found together in some plants, and this makes it difficult to provide high-frequency, healthy seedling growth, since the formation of healthy seedlings from the organic material (seeds/tubers) sown is a prerequisite for plant production. This chapter will focus on the description of four different methods we have not seen reported elsewhere for overcoming dormancy

Pre-operative Arterial Embolization of Symptomatic Giant Hemangioma of the Liver

Abstract: The cavernous hemangiomas of the liver are usually small sized and asymptomatic. Most of them are incidentally diagnosed and a very small portion requires therapy. Giant hemangioma can be symptomatic, and this condition is the indication for treatment. The striking complication of surgical treatment of cavernous hemangiomas is intra-operative bleeding. In this case, we aimed to demonstrate that the risk of intraoperative bleeding can be eliminated with the preoperative percutaneous trans-catheter arterial embolization technique

CT-guided transthoracic biopsy: histopathologic results and complication rates

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate the effectiveness and complications of transthoracic CT-guided biopsy techniques.METHODSA total of 94 CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy procedures performed in 85 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Core biopsy technique was used in 87 procedures and transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used in seven procedures.RESULTSDiagnostic results were achieved in 79 of 94 biopsy procedures. Pathology results were malignant in 54 patients, suspicious for malignancy in three patients, benign in five patients, and benign nonspecific in 17 patients. Specific diagnoses were obtained in 59 patients (62.8%) using core biopsy, but no specific diagnosis could be reached with transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Complications included pneumothorax in 27 patients (28.7%) and parenchymal hemorrhage during and after the procedure in eight patients (8.5%). CONCLUSIONSCT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a highly accurate procedure for histopathological diagnosis of thoracic masses. In addition, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy has an acceptably low complication rate and it reduces the need for more invasive surgical procedures

Marketing of banking services:An implementation reference at T. Halkbank Samsun Regional Office

Dünyanın birçok gelişmiş ülkesinde ülke ekonomisinin en büyük bölümünü hizmet sektörü oluşturmaktadır. Bugün geleneksel olarak hizmet işletmesi olarak tanımlanabilecek işletmelerin yanında somut ögelerin ağırlıklı olduğu ürünler üreten işletmeler de kendilerini hizmet sunan işletmeler olarak tanımlamaktadırlar. Bu durum hizmetlerin ekonomik hayattaki önemini göstermektedir. En temel fonksiyonu finansal sistem içinde tasarruf edilen fonları toplayıp, fon ihtiyacı duyan kesime aktarmak olan bankalar da birer hizmet işletmesidir. Finans sektörünün en önemli aktörlerinden olan bankalar işlevleri ve sundukları hizmetlerle ekonominin de temel yapı taşlarındandır. Hizmetler genellikle üretildikleri yerde tüketilmek zorunda olduklarından hizmet işletmeleri için hizmetlerin dağıtımında doğrudan dağıtım mümkün olan tek dağıtım kanalıdır. Son zamanlara kadar bankalar da ürettikleri hizmetleri şubeler aracılığıyla doğrudan hizmetin üretildiği yerde sunmaktaydılar. Fakat teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak oluşan elektronik tabanlı alternatif dağıtım kanalları sayesinde banka hizmetleri şubelerden bağımsız olarak sunulabilmiştir. Bu çalışmada bankacılık hizmetlerinin pazarlanması konusu incelenmiş, banka hizmetlerinin sunumunda hizmet sunumu ile hizmet üreticisinin birbirinden ayrılmasını sağlayan elektronik tabanlı dağıtım kanallarından olan kredi kartlarının Halkbank'taki uygulaması genelde banka düzeyinde, özelde Samsun Bölge Koordinatörlüğü düzeyinde incelenerek alternatif dağıtım kanallarının banka hizmetlerinin pazarlanmasındaki etkisi araştırılmıştır. In most of the developed economies service sector is the largest part of the national economy. In addition to the business that are traditionally defined as service business, businesses that are producing concrete element dominated products defines themselves as service businesses. This proves the importance of services sector for economic activity. Banks whose basic function is to collect saved funds and channel those funds to those who need them are an example of service businesses. As being the most important agent of the financial sector, banks are one of the most important fundamental elements of the economy by the services they provide and functions they perform. As services should be consumed at the place where they are produced direct distribution is the only available distribution channel for services businesses. Until recently, banks have been delivering their services through their branch networkæ however as a result of technological improvements in alternative electronic data based distribution, they are able to provide their services without depending on the branch network. This study was conducted to examineæ on a general term Halkbank's Credit Card Division and on a more exclusive basis the Samsun Regional Officeæ the effects on the application of electronic based data delivery which separates the service provider from the service distribution

Regarding new wave distributions of the non-linear integro-partial Ito differential and fifth-order integrable equations

This paper applies a powerful scheme, namely Bernoulli sub-equation function method, to some partial differential equations with high non-linearity. Many new travelling wave solutions, such as mixed dark-bright soliton, exponential and complex domain, are reported. Under a suitable choice of the values of parameters, wave behaviours of the results obtained in the paper – in terms of 2D, 3D and contour surfaces – are observed

Regarding new wave distributions of the non-linear integro-partial Ito differential and fifth-order integrable equations

This paper applies a powerful scheme, namely Bernoulli sub-equation function method, to some partial differential equations with high non-linearity. Many new travelling wave solutions, such as mixed dark-bright soliton, exponential and complex domain, are reported. Under a suitable choice of the values of parameters, wave behaviours of the results obtained in the paper – in terms of 2D, 3D and contour surfaces – are observed

Carotico-cavernous sinus fistula: Duplex Doppler findings

We report a case of an 8-year-old child with traumatic carotico-cavernous fistula. The diagnosis was obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography and Doppler imaging and the fistula treated by percutaneous embolisation. We emphasize the duplex Doppler findings of superior ophtalmic vein in this study

Evaluation of coronary artery anomalies using 128-Slice computed tomography

WOS: 000306530500009Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of a 128-slice computed tomography (CT) device in detecting anatomical variations and anomalies of coronary arteries and to compare the results obtained with literature data. Methods: Totally, 83 patients (58 males, 25 females; mean age 53.7 +/- 10 years; range 31 to 80 years) with suspected or known coronary artery disease who underwent evaluation using the 128-slice CT in our clinic between February 2009 and December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. All images were evaluated in terms of anatomic variation and anomaly by a radiologist with expertise in cardiovascular radiology. Continuous variables were expressed as arithmetical mean +/- standard deviation (SD), while categorical variables were expressed as percent (%). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistical tests. Results: The rate of right dominance, left dominance and co-dominance was 80.7%, 8.4% and 10.8%, respectively. It was observed that the conus artery originated from the right sinus valsalva at a rate of 16.86% and from the right coronary artery (RCA) at a rate of 83.1%. It was found that sinus node artery (SNA) originated from the RCA at a rate of 77.1%, from the circumflex (Cx) artery at a rate of 18.1%, from the left main coronary artery (LMCA) at a rate of 2.4% and from the right sinus valsalva at a rate of 2.4%. Ramus intermedius was present in 30.12% of the patients. Coronary artery anomaly was observed in 48 patients (57.8%). of them, 1.2% had absence of LMCA, 6% had commissural origin, 1.2% had coronary hypoplasia, 4.8% had anomalous of contralateral sinus origin, and 43.3% had myocardial bridging. Conclusion: The 128-slice CT device is a non-invasive method which provides reliable, detailed and correct information for detecting variations and anomalies of coronary arteries. We believe that the 128-slice CT is of higher value in diagnosis and surgical therapy of coronary artery anomalies

Incidental multislice computed tomography finding of a congenital submitral ventricular aneurysm [Çok kesitli bilgisayarlı tomografi ile rastlantısal olarak saptanan bir konjenital submitral ventrikül anevrizması]

PubMed ID: 21592928[No abstract available

Eagle syndrome causing vascular compression with cervical rotation : case report

BACKGROUND: Eagle syndrome is a condition caused by an elongated styloid process. Unilateral face, neck and ear pain, stinging pain, foreign body sensation and dysphagia can be observed with this syndrome. Rarely, the elongated styloid process may cause pain by compressing the cervical segment of the internal carotid and the surrounding sympathetic plexus, and that pain spreading along the artery can cause neurological symptoms such as vertigo and syncope. CASE REPORT: In this case report we presented a very rare eagle syndrome with neurological symptoms that occurred suddenly with cervical rotation. The symptoms disappeared as suddenly as they occurred, with the release of pressure in neutral position. We also discussed CT angiographic findings of this case. CONCLUSIONS: Radiological diagnosis of the Eagle syndrome that is manifested with a wide variety of symptoms and causes diagnostic difficulties when it is not considered in the differential diagnosis is easy in patients with specific findings. CT angiography is a fast and effective examination in terms of showing compression in patients with the Eagle syndrome that is considered to be atypical and causes vascular compression