Sex Estimation From Sternal Measurements Using Multidetector Computed Tomography

We aimed to show the utility and reliability of sternal morphometric analysis for sex estimation. Sex estimation is a very important step in forensic identification. Skeletal surveys are main methods for sex estimation studies. Morphometric analysis of sternum may provide high accuracy rated data in sex discrimination. In this study, morphometric analysis of sternum was evaluated in 1mm chest computed tomography scans for sex estimation. Four hundred forty 3 subjects (202 female, 241 male, mean age: 44 +/- 8.1 [ distribution: 30-60 year old]) were included the study. Manubrium length (ML), mesosternum length (2L), Sternebra 1 (S1W), and Sternebra 3 (S3W) width were measured and also sternal index (SI) was calculated. Differences between genders were evaluated by student t-test. Predictive factors of sex were determined by discrimination analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Male sternalmeasurement values are significantly higher than females (P< 0.001) while SI is significantly low in males (P< 0.001). In discrimination analysis, MSL has high accuracy rate with 80.2% in females and 80.9% in males. MSL also has the best sensitivity (75.9%) and specificity (87.6%) values. Accuracy rates were above 80% in 3 stepwise discrimination analysis for both sexes. Stepwise 1(ML, MSL, S1W, S3W) has the highest accuracy rate in stepwise discrimination analysis with 86.1% in females and 83.8% in males. Our study showed that morphometric computed tomography analysis of sternum might provide important information for sex estimation

Reduction and arthrodesis with sublaminar spiral silk in atlantoaxial joint instability

Kotil, Kadir (Arel Author)Amaç: Bu yazıda atlantoaksiyel eklem instabilitesinde sublaminar telleme yerine kalın sarmal ipek kullanılarak yapılan C1-C2 artrodez tekniğinin klinik ve radyolojik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışma planı: Atlantoaksiyel instabilitesi bulunan ve redüksiyonları yapıldıktan sonra sublaminar sarmal ipekle C1-C2 füzyonu gerçekleştirilen 16 hasta (10 kadın, 6 erkek; ortalama yaş: 43.4, ortalama takip süresi: 34 ay) retrospektif olarak incelendi. Açık redüksiyondan sonra tel yerine sarmal ipekle iki taraflı laminaları bağlanan ve sonrasında otogreftle artrodezi yapılan bu olguların, redüksiyon oranları, vidaların pozisyonları ve füzyon değerleri bilgisayarlı tomografiyle değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Cerrahi öncesi ortalama atlantodental açıklık (ADA) değeri 8 (dağılım: 6-11) mm, cerrahi sonrasında ise ortalama 2.1 (dağılım: 0.5-2.5) mm olarak ölçüldü. Dural veya spinal kord yaralanmasına bağlı bir komplikasyon gözlenmedi. Tüm olgularda redüksiyonun tam olduğu görüldü. Sadece bir olguda füzyon oluşmadı (%6.25). Olguların cerrahi sonrası fleksiyonda ortalama 10 mm olan ADA değeri, ekstansiyonda 1 mm olarak ölçüldü. Tomografik ince kesitlerde C1-C2 arasında bir olgu hariç greft ayrışmasına ait bulguya rastlanmadı. İki adet vidada (%4) malpozisyon belirlendi. Çıkarımlar: Sublaminar sarmal ipek tekniği güvenli anatomik redüksiyon sağlaması, ucuz ve basit bir yöntem olması, ekstra implant gerektirmemesi, gevşememesi, nörolojik hasar yaratmaması ve radyolojik kirlilik oluşturmaması nedeniyle sublaminar tellemeye alternatif bir cerrahi uygulamadır

Current Status of Open Surgical Treatment Protocols for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Associated with Rotator Tear

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the recent treatment protocols for Neer stage III subacromial impingement syndrome with open anterior acromioplasty and rotator cuff repair. Material and Methods: Twenty-two patients (8 males, 14 females; mean age: 52.9±10.2) who were diagnosed with a rotator cuff tear based on clinical and radiological findings between 2009 and 2010 participated in the study.. We used the open surgical decompression technique which was previously described by Neer. The ruptured tendon ends were isolated and were fixed to the bones with appropriate suture anchors and transosseoz sutures. Preoperative, postoperative and the final follow-up Constant and UCLA shoulder scores were evaluated. Results: The mean preoperative Constant score was 34.4±6.6 and UCLA score was 13.8±3.3. The mean postoperative Constant score was 73±7.6 and UCLA score was 31.7±3.3. Significant improvement was observed in postoperative shoulder scores (p<0.01) and postoperative shoulder range of motion in all patients (p<0.01). Conclusion: Currently, clinical and functional results of open and arthroscopic subacromial rotator cuff decompression are similar. However, many surgeons prefer the open method and achieve successful results. (The Me di cal Bul le tin of Ha se ki 2012; 50: 59-63

The Type of Anesthesia Technique Does Not Have an Impact on 30-Day Mortality in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Amputation

This study aimed to determine the appropriate anesthetic technique for patients who underwent amputation due to peripheral vascular disease. The anesthetic technique to be applied during lower extremity amputations in geriatric patients with limited functional capacity may be important in terms of clinical outcomes and mortality rates. Patients aged older than 65 years who had undergone major lower extremity amputation were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into 2 groups: regional anesthesia (RA) and general anesthesia (GA). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications used, anesthesia technique, the durations of anesthesia and surgery, need for blood transfusion, 30-day mortality, postoperative cardiac and pulmonary complication rates were recorded from the medical records of the patients. Among the 441 patients, 244 had received RA, while 197 had received GA. The average length of stay in the hospital was longer in the GA group (P = 0.001). The use of antiplatelet drugs (P = 0.001) and the number of transfusions were higher (P = 0.045) in the GA group. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of mortality and postoperative cardiac or pulmonary complication rates. We determined that the anesthesia technique does not have an effect on 30-day mortality and complication rates. The regional anesthesia technique may be preferred in geriatric patients who will undergo major lower extremity amputation because of the shorter hospital stay and theoretical advantages. However, considering the general functional status of patients, the importance of patient-based evaluation should not be forgotten

Hip Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Bakırköy Experience

Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and etiology as well as the risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns in whom we performed ultrasonography for screening using Graff’s method in our clinic. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 2632 hip ultrasonography records of 1316 babies performed between 2008 and 2013. We analyzed the questionnaires of the Turkish Pediatric Orthopaedic Society which were filled by the physician during examination. The babies were divided into two groups according to ultrasonographic hip angles as pathological and normal. Results: The study is made on 1316 babies [680 girls (51.6%), 636 boys (48.4%)]. The risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip was higher in girls, babies with a family history, babies with metatarsus adductus and those have been swaddled before. The mean gestational age and gestational weight was statistically significantly lower in the pathological group (p=0.0011). Conclusion: In our cross-sectional study, the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip was 0.5%. Female gender, positive family history of developmental dysplasia of the hip,metatarsus adductus and swaddling are still risk factors. Researching risk factors carefully, patient education and adding hip ultrasonograpy to newborn routine screening program are important measures in preventing developmental dysplasia of the hip

The effects of fluoride on thyroid hormones in rabbits

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Outcomes of Four Different Surgical Techniques in the Treatment of Geriatric Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the suicide and intoxication cases between April 2011 and April 2013. Methods: One hundred eighty-two patients operated due to intertrochanteric femur fracture in our clinic were divided into four groups: hemiarthroplasty (HA), proximal femoral nail (PFN), sliding hip screw (SHC), and external fixator (EF) groups. Time to surgery, comorbidities, anesthesia techniques, postoperative ambulation time, mortality rates and daily activity levels were compared. The patients were evaluated via outpatient follow-up and telephone interview. The Barthel index of activities of daily living was used for evaluation. Results: Patient distribution was: HA: 17 patients, PFN: 26 patients, SHC: 71 patients, and EF: 68 patients. The gender distribution (F/M) and the mean age were: HA: 11/6, 83.4 years, PFN: 18/8, 81.2 years, SHC: 48/23, 82.1 years, and EF: 44/24, 84.5 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in gender, comorbidities, anesthesia techniques, mean follow-up period, and Barthel index scores. In HA group, walking with double support duration was shorter (p=0.028). Conclusion: Elderly intertrochanteric femur fractures should be operated as soon as possible in order to prevent eventual complications preferably by regional anesthesia and internal fixation

Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis

The variability of anthropometric measures, such as the degree of ossification, among societies should be taken into account when estimating age. The degree of ossification of the medial clavicle can be determined with thin-section computed tomography (CT), which is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics of the German Association of Forensic Medicine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the applicability of thin-section CT analysis of the degree of ossification of the medial clavicle in a Turkish population. We evaluated the CT images (1-mm slice thickness) of 503 patients (362 male, 141 female; age, 10-35 years) using the Schmeling five-stage method. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and ossification stage in both male and female patients (total group: rho = 0.838, p < 0.001; male: rho = 0.831, p < 0.001; female: rho = 0.856, p < 0.001). The linear regression analysis results indicated that the ossification stage of the medial clavicle is a good predictor when estimating age (r (2) = 0.735 for all patients, 0.734 for male patients, 0.741 for female patients). Sex differences in ossification stages were observed only for stage 1 and 4 ossification. We believe that future research could expand the database on this topic and contribute to improvements in this measurement method