A New Augmented K-Means Algorithm for Seed Segmentation in Microscopic Images of the Colon Cancer

In this study, we analyze histologic human colon tissue images that we captured with a camera-mounted microscope. We propose the Augmented K-Means Clustering algorithm as a method of segmenting cell nuclei in such colon images. Then we compare the proposed algorithm to the weighted K-Means Clustering algorithm. As a result, we observe that the developed Augmented K-Means Clustering algorithm decreased the needed number of iterations and shortened the duration of the segmentation process. Moreover, the algorithm we propose appears more consistent in comparison to the weighted K-Means Clustering algorithm. We also assess the similarity of the segmented images to the original images, for which we used the Histogram-Based Similarity method. Our assessment indicates that the images segmented by the Augmented K-Means Clustering algorithm are more frequently similar to the original images than the images segmented by the Weighed K-Means Clustering algorithm

Interactive effects of melatonin, exercise and diabetes on liver glycogen levels

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on liver glycogen levels in rats with streptozotocin- induced diabetes and subjected to acute swimming exercise. Material and methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley type adult male rats were divided into eight groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2, melatonin-supplemented control; Group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetes; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming; Group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; Group 8, diabetic control. Melatonin was supplemented at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for four weeks. Liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained from the light microscope were transferred to PC medium and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. Results: The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were found in group 4. Liver glycogen levels in groups 3, 6, 7 and 8 (the diabetic groups) were higher than group 4, but lower than those in groups 1 and 2. The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: The study indicates that melatonin supplementation maintains the liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise, while induced diabetes prevents this maintenance effect in rats. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 252–255)Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on liver glycogen levels in rats with streptozotocin- induced diabetes and subjected to acute swimming exercise. Material and methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley type adult male rats were divided into eight groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2, melatonin-supplemented control; Group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetes; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming; Group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; Group 8, diabetic control. Melatonin was supplemented at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for four weeks. Liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained from the light microscope were transferred to PC medium and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. Results: The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were found in group 4. Liver glycogen levels in groups 3, 6, 7 and 8 (the diabetic groups) were higher than group 4, but lower than those in groups 1 and 2. The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: The study indicates that melatonin supplementation maintains the liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise, while induced diabetes prevents this maintenance effect in rats. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 252–255

High-Grade Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma Arising from the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Basal cell adenocarcinomas are exceptionally rare and were first included in the histopathological classification of salivary gland tumors by the World Health Organization in 1991. These tumors are generally described as a low-grade malignancy with rare regional or distant metastasis. However, 48 basal cell adenocarcinoma cases arising from the major salivary glands have been described as high-grade malignancy in the English literature. Surgical excision and possible postoperative radiotherapy is the treatment of choice. Close follow up is mandatory for early detection of possible local recurrence. A 66-year-old female with high-grade basal cell adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland was presented in this study. Total parotidectomy with protection of the facial nerve integrity and postoperative radiotherapy were performed. At the most recent follow-up examination, 24 months after the surgery, the patient had no complaints and there was no sign of disease recurrence

The influence of ?-Tocopherol on alveolar bone loss in diabetic rats with experimental periodontitis

Amaç: Birçok deneysel ve klinik çalışmada diyabetin periodonsiyum üzerinde yaptığı değişiklikler değerlendirilirken bunun yanında periodontitisin diyabet durumuna etkiside araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, deneysel periodontitis ve streptozotosin (STZ) ile diyabet oluşturulan/oluşturulmayan sıçanlarda ?-tokoferol uygulamasının alveoler kemik kaybı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya kırk adet erkek Sprague Dawley sıçana dahil edildi ve anestezi uygulandıktan sonra mandibular sağ birinci molar dişlere subgingival olarak 3/0 ipek sütur bağlandı. Bu hayvanlar, sağlıklı grup (Grup I) ve tek seferde 50 mg/kg STZ enjekte edilen diyabetik grup (Grup II) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Bu gruplarda serum fizyolojik (Grup IA , Grup IIA) ve ?-tokoferol (40mg/kg/gün) enjekte edilen alt gruplara (Grup IB, Grup IIB) ayrıldı. Ligatür bağlandıktan 3 hafta sonra sıçanlar kurban edildi ve dokular histometrik ölçümler için nötral tamponlanmış %10luk formaldehit solüsyonunda sabitlendi. Alveoler kemik kaybı (AKK), görüntü analiz programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. İstatistiksel kıyaslamalar için tek-yönlü varyans analizi, kullanıldı p 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyi kabul edildi. Bulgular: Histometrik incelemeden sonra veriler değerlendirildi ve istatistiksel olarak gruplar arasında AKK düzeyleri farklı bulunmadı (p0.05). Sonuçlar: Verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda ?-tokoferol uygulamasının deneysel periodontitisli STZ ile diyabet oluşturulmuş/oluşturulmamış sıçanlarda AKK üzerinde bir etki oluşturmadığı gösterildi.Objectives: A variety of clinical and experimental studies investigated the influence of diabetes on the periodontium, as well as the impact of periodontitis on diabetes status. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of &amp;#945;-tocopherol on alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis with/without streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study and after anesthesia 3/0 silk sutures were placed at the subgingival level of the mandibular right first molars. These animals were divided into two groups: Healty group (Group I) and diabetic group by single injection of 50 mg/kg STZ (Group II). These groups divided into two subgroups; twenty rats were saline group (Group IA, Group IIA) and other twenty rats (Group IB, Group IIB) were &amp;#945;-tocopherol (40mg/kg/day) group. After 3 weeks, all rats were sacrified and the tissues were fixed using neutral buffered 10% formaldehyde solution for histometrical investigation. Alveolar bone loss (ABL), were analyzed by using image analysis program. Statistical comparisons were performed by using one-way analysis of variance with significance set at p>0.05. Results: Data were evaluated after the histometrical examination and there were no statistically significant differences in ABL between the study groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Analysis of these data demonstrated that &amp;#945;-tocopherol treatment was not affected the ABL of rats with experimental periodontitis with/without STZ-induced diabetes

Deneysel periodontitis oluşturulmuş diyabetik sıçanlarda α-tokoferol’ün alveoler kemik kaybı üzerine etkileri

ÖZETAmaç: Birçok deneysel ve klinik çalışmada diyabetin periodonsiyum üzerinde yaptığı değişiklikler değerlendirilirken bunun yanında periodontitisin diyabet durumuna etkiside araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, deneysel periodontitis ve streptozotosin (STZ) ile diyabet oluşturulan/oluşturulmayan sıçanlarda a-tokoferol uygulamasının alveoler kemik kaybı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Çalışmaya kırk adet erkek Sprague Dawley sıçana dahil edildi ve anestezi uygulandıktan sonra mandibular sağ birinci molar dişlere subgingival olarak 3/0 ipek sütur bağlandı. Bu hayvanlar, sağlıklı grup (Grup I) ve tek seferde 50 mg/kg STZ enjekte edilen diyabetik grup (Grup II) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Bu gruplarda serum fizyolojik (Grup IA, Grup IIA) ve a-tokoferol (40mg/kg/gün) enjekte edilen alt gruplara (Grup IB, Grup IIB) ayrıldı. Ligatür bağlandıktan 3 hafta sonra sıçanlar kurban edildi ve dokular histometrik ölçümler için nötral tamponlanmış %10’luk formaldehit solüsyonunda sabitlendi. Alveoler kemik kaybı (AKK), görüntü analiz programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. İstatistiksel kıyaslamalar için iki-yönlü varyans analizi, kullanıldı p&lt;0.05 anlamlılık düzeyi kabul edildi.Bulgular: Histometrik incelemeden sonra veriler değerlendirildi ve istatistiksel olarak gruplar arasında AKK düzeyleri farklı bulunmadı (p&gt;0.05).Sonuçlar: Verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda a-tokoferol uygulamasının deneysel periodontitisli STZ ile diyabet oluşturulmuş/oluşturulmamış sıçanlarda AKK üzerinde bir etki oluşturmadığı gösterildi.Anahtar kelimeler: Diyabet, a-tokoferol, AKK, deneysel periodontitis.SUMMARYBackground: A variety of clinical and experimental studies investigated the influence of diabetes on the periodontium, as well as the impact of periodontitis on diabetes status. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a-tocopherol on alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis with/without streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study and after anesthesia 3/0 silk sutures were placed at the subgingival level of the mandibular right first molars. These animals were divided into two groups: Healty group (Group I) and diabetic group by single injection of 50 mg/kg STZ(Group II). These groups divided into two subgroups; twenty rats were saline group (Group IA, Group IIA) and other twenty rats (Group IB, Group IIB) were a-tocopherol(40mg/kg/day) group. After 3 weeks, all rats were sacrified and the tissues were fixed using neutral buffered 10% formaldehyde solution for histometrical investigation. Alveolar bone loss (ABL), were analyzed by using image analysis program. Statistical comparisons were performed by using two-way analysis of variance with significance set at p&lt;0.05.Results: Data were evaluated after the histometrical examination and there were no statistically significant differences in ABL between the study groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Analysis of these data demonstrated that a-tocopherol treatment was not affected the ABL of rats with experimental periodontitis with/without STZ-induced diabetes.Key Words: Diabetes, a-tocopherol, ABL, experimental periodontitis

EFFECT OF LOCAL RIFAMYCIN APPLICATION ON EXPRESSION OF BMP-2 AND BONE REGENERATION

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of local rifamycin application on BMP-2 expression and bone healing.Materials and Methods: A standardized 5.0-mm- diameter critical size bone defect was created mandible angulus region. In the control group (8 rats) defects were left empty. In the Group 1 (n=8 rats) defect was irrigated with rifamycin solution and 25 mg rifamycin solution injected defect area at 1, 3, 7 days after surgery. In the group 2 (n=8 rats) defects were grafted with a gelatin sponge mixed 25 mg rifamycin solution. Rats were sacrificed at 21 days after surgery. Histological slides were prepared from defect site for both immunohistochemical analysis (bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) antibody) and histomorphometric analysis. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis test.Results: The average new bone formation, number of osteoblast and new vessel formation count were increased more in both of experimental groups in comparison with control group. Anti-BMP-2 labelling (Cell count) was increased more in both of experimental groups in comparison with control group. Conclusion: Local rifamycin application has positive effects on BMP-2 expression and bone regeneration at critical sized bone defects

The relation between psa and gleason score and clinical phase in prostate adenocarsinoma

Prostat Adenokarsinomlarında PSA değerlerinin, Gleason Skor ve Klinik Evreile ilişkisi.Materyal Metod : Çalışmamızda 68 PACa olgusu ile 55 BPH olgusu incelendi. H&Eile boyanan preparatlar ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Histolojik Grade olarak GleasonGrade sistemi kullanıldı. Olgular WHO ve TNM sınıflamasına göre evrelendirildi.Olguların total ve s-PSA değerleri Beckman Coulture DXI800 marka cihazlarıkullanılarak `chemiluminescence' metodu ile ölçüldü.Veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak `SPPS for Window's 10.0' programı ileistatistiksel analiz yapıldı. Veriler ortalama ± standart sapma şekline özetlendi.Gruplar arası karşılaştırma için Stedent-t testi kullanıldı. Parametreler arası ilişkiSpearman's korelasyon testi ile değerlendirildi. Cut-off noktası tespiti için ROC analiziyapıldı ve anlamlılık değeri olarak 0.05 seviyesi alındı.Bulgular : Çalışmamızda PACa ile BPH olguları arasında ortalama yaşlarda farktespit edimedi. Ortalama serum t-PSA değerleri: PACa olguları 67.09±5.32 ng/ml ikenBPH da 4.70±1.02 ng/ml olarak bulundu. PACa olgularının 56 sında t-PSA â ¥10 ng/mliken, BPH lı olguların 51 inde t-PSA <10 ng/ml olarak tespit edildi. Gri Zon aralığında11 PACa, 24 BPH olgusu bulunmaktadır. Bu olgularda t-PSA , s-PSA ve yaş arasındabir fark tespit edilemeyip, s-PSA/ t-PSA oranı anlamlı derecede farklı bulunmuştur.0.18 sınır değeri için spesifite %92, sensivite %82, 0.16 değeri için spesifite % 95sensivite %55 dir. 48 PACa olgusuna klinik evreleme yapılabildi, bunlardan da 5 olguEvre A, 12 olgu Evre B, 14 olgu Evre C, 17 olgu ise Evre D olarak bulundu. 48olgudan 4 tanesi: GS 2-4, 15 tanesi; GS 5-6, 19 tanesi; GS 7, 10 tanesi GS 8-10. GS2-6 arasında olan 19 olgunun tamamı Evre A, B, C ( lokalize evre), GS 7-10 olan 29olgunun 12 tanesi Evre B ve C ( lokalize evre ) 17 tanesi Evre D ( metastatik evre ) deidi. Serum t-PSA düzeyi 0-10 ng/ml aralığında olan 9 PACa olgusunun 8 tanesilokalize evrede 1 tanesi metastatik evrede tespit edilmiştir. Bu PSA aralığında 7olgunun GS si 7 den düşük iken sadece 2 olgunun GS si 7-10 aralığında tespit edildi.Lokalize evrede olgularında ortalama serum t-PSA seviyesi: 44.8±6.76 ng/ml ikenmetastatik evrede 120.2 ± 8.65 ng/ml tespit edildi.91Sonuç : Serum t-PSA düzeyi parametresinin kullanımı faydalı bir belirteçtir. PSA;PCa tanısında, evrelemesinde, histolojik grade' i tahmin etmede, izlemde verekürrenslerin belirlenmesinde iyi bir göstergedir.s-PSA/ t-PSA oranı, t-PSA değeri 4,1-10 ng/ml düzeyinde olan benign vemalign olguları ayırmada son derece yaralı bir parametredir.GS nin kullanılması, PCa lı olgularda progresyonu ve sağ kalımı belirlemede iyive güvenilir bir göstergedir.The relation between PSA values and Gleason Score and Clinical Phase in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this study, 68 PACa and 55 BPH cases were examined. The preparations tinted with H&E were examined under the light microscope.Gleason Grading was used as histological grading. They were graded according to WHO and TNM classifiying. The total and free PSA values of the cases were measured with ‘chemiluminescence’ method using Beckman Coulture DXI800 instruments. The data were loaded onto the computer and statistically analyzed with SPPS for Window’s 10.0 program. Data were summed up as average ± standard deviation. Stedent-t test was used to compare the groups with each other. Spearman’s correlation test was applied to determine the relation between the parameters. ROC analyses was used to establish Cut-off point and 0.05 level was regarded as significant. Findings: There was no difference between the average age of the cases with PACa and BPH. While the mean t-PSA value was 67.091±5.32 ng/ml in cases with PACa, it was 4.701±1.02ng/ml in cases with BPH. In 56 of the cases with PACa, t-PSA was: ≥10 ng/ml, and 51 of the cases with BPH, t-PSA was <10ng/ml. 11 PACa, 24 BPH existed in Grey Zone. There was no difference between t-PSA, s-PSA and ages but s-PSA and t-PSA rate was significantly different. The specification was 92% and sensivity %82 for 0.18 limit value. The specification was 95% and sensivity %55 for 0.16 limit value. This rate is not significant in t-PSA>30ng/ml. Clinical phasing was applied in 48 cases with PACa and 5 cases were in phase A, 12 in phase B, 14 in phase C and 17 in phase D, and 4 of 48 cases; GS 2-4, 15; GS 5-6, 19; GS 7, and 10 cases were GS 8-10. All of 19 cases in GS 2-6 were in phase A,B and C (localised phase) and 12 of 29 cases in GS 7-10 were in phase B and C (localised phase) and 17 cases were in phase D (metastatic phase). 8 of 9 PACa cases in t-PSA 0-10 ng/ml were in localised phase and one in metastatic phase. While the GS of these 7 cases were lower than 7, the GS of two cases were at 7-10 interval. We determined the mean serum t-PSA level as 44.8±6.76 ng/ml in the localised phase and 120.2 ± 8.65 ng/ml in metastatic phase

A New Augmented K-Means Algorithm for Seed Segmentation in Microscopic Images of the Colon Cancer

In this study, we analyze histologic human colon tissue images that we captured with a camera-mounted microscope. We propose the Augmented K-Means Clustering algorithm as a method of segmenting cell nuclei in such colon images. Then we compare the proposed algorithm to the weighted K-Means Clustering algorithm. As a result, we observe that the developed Augmented K-Means Clustering algorithm decreased the needed number of iterations and shortened the duration of the segmentation process. Moreover, the algorithm we propose appears more consistent in comparison to the weighted K-Means Clustering algorithm. We also assess the similarity of the segmented images to the original images, for which we used the Histogram-Based Similarity method. Our assessment indicates that the images segmented by the Augmented K-Means Clustering algorithm are more frequently similar to the original images than the images segmented by the Weighed K-Means Clustering algorithm

High-Grade Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma Arising from the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Bazal hücreli adenokarsinomlar son derece nadir görülür ve ilk kez 1991 yılında Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından tükrük bezi tümörleri histopatolojik sınıflamasına dahil edilmiştir. Bu tümörler genel olarak nadiren bölgesel ya da uzak metastaz ile birlikte olan düşük dereceli maligniteler olarak tanımlanırlar. Bununla birlikte, İngilizce literatürde major tükrük bezi kaynaklı 48 bazal hücreli adenokarsinoma, yüksek dereceli malignite olarak tanımlanmıştır. Cerrahi eksizyon ve olası postoperatif radyoterapi tedavi seBasal cell adenocarcinomas are exceptionally rare and were first included in the histopathological classification of salivary gland tumors by the World Health Organization in 1991. These tumors are generally described as a low-grade malignancy with rare regional or distant metastasis. However, 48 basal cell adenocarcinoma cases arising from the major salivary glands have been described as high-grade malignancy in the English literature. Surgical excision and possible postoperative radiotherapy is the treatment of choice. Close follow up is mandatory for early detection o