An integrated method for understanding the fluid flow behavior and forecasting well deliverability in gas condensate reservoirs with water aquifer drive

Gas condensate reservoirs constitute a significant portion of global hydrocarbon reserves. In these reservoirs, as bottomhole pressure falls below the dew point, liquid develops in the pore space. This results in the formation of a liquid bank near the wellbore region that decreases gas mobility, which then reduces gas inflow. Some gas condensate reservoirs have bottom aquifer drive, which also negatively impacts gas production. This research used a field case study to demonstrate an integrated workflow for forecasting well deliverability in a gas condensate field in Libya. The workflow began with the interpretation of open-hole log data to identify the production interval net pay and to estimate petrophysical properties. A compositional model was developed and matched to actual reservoir fluids. Transient pressure analysis was described and used to identify reservoir properties. Inflow performance relationships (IPRs) were analyzed using three types of backpressure equations. The workflow integrated all data in a numerical simulation model, which included the effect of bottom water drive. Sensitivity analysis was used to identify parameters with the greatest impact on future deliverability and recovery. The results provided in this case study demonstrated the importance of an integrated workflow in predicting future well performance in gas condensate fields with bottom water drive. The study demonstrated how to implement the workflow in managing or developing these types of reservoirs --Abstract, page iii

Evaluation of the Immuno- Responses to Brucella Melitensis

Brucella melitensis infection remains a serious health threat to humans and livestock in poorer countries in the Middle East. Vaccination with the isolated crude protein protects against B. melitensis infection. In this study, the efficacy of protective and immunogenicity of a crude protein extract of B. melitensis is administered and evaluated in rats. The immunogenicity of crude protein in the animal blood was assessed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The results show that certain proteins were found to be more immunogenic; their molecular weights were (21, 23, 24, 25, 28,31, 34.45, 54.66,83 and 157 kDa). ELISA kits were used to measure the concentrations of IL-4 and IFN- in serum. In contrast to IFN-γ, this study found that the group receiving extracted protein had considerably higher serum levels of IL-4 compared to the control healthy and REV1 group

A review on the antibacterial potential of cantabiline-based derivatives

Objective: The target of this review study is to highlight the importance of cantabiline and its derived compound as antibacterial agents. Also, to take into consideration the characteristic structural features that can enhance the capability of these compounds to fight pathogenic bacteria.Methods: The recently available reports concerning the antibacterial activity of cantabiline-derived compounds have been reviewed efficiently. The outcomes of these reports have been also analyzed to detect the proper substituents that can enhance the target activity.Results: The hand-availability of antibacterial agents, as well as their inadvisable utilization, resulted in a mounting health problem named multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. To handle this emerging issue, the design and synthesis of agents with a powerful ability to fight such bacterial strains is becoming a pressing need.Conclusion: This review study has concluded that cantabiline and its derived compounds may represent hopeful antibacterial agents. Also, they can address several mechanisms acquired by bacteria for resisting the currently-available antibacterial agents

Nickel challenge up regulates CD69 expression on T lymphocyte sub-sets from patients with nickel induced contact dermatitis

Background: Persistent antigenic stimulation due to repeated exposure to nickel may lead to chronic inflammation resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).Objectives: This study was performed to assess nickel induced immune activation among patients sensitized against nickel.Patients and Methods: A total of 35 patients (29 females and 6 males; mean age 36±9 years) with nickel contact dermatitis and 20 patch test negative healthy individuals  (14 females and 6 males; mean age 29±7 years) were included in this study. Peripheral blood of patients and controls was incubated with nickel sulfate for 24 hours. Immune activation was assessed by CD69 up-reg- ulation on T lymphocyte sub-sets by flow cytometry.Results: Base line expression of CD69 on CD8+ lymphocytes was higher among patients compared to controls (4.1±1.3%vs2.8±1.1%;p<0.009). There was no difference in proportions of CD±CD69+ cells between patients and controls (3.2±0.9%vs2.3±0.8%). Exposure to nickel induced expression of CD69 on a significantly higher proportion of CD4+ lympho- cytes (22.1±6.2%) of the ACD patients compared to controls (2.8±2.5%;p<0.0001). Similarly nickel induced CD69 expression on a higher proportion of CD8+ lymphocytes (18.2±5.3%) from ACD patients compared to the controls (1.9±1.8%;p<0.0006).Conclusion: CD69 molecule appears to be an important regulator of immune response in nickel contact dermatitis.   Keywords: Nickel, CD4+, CD8+, CD69, contact dermatitis

Gender difference following high cholesterol diet induced renal injury and the protective role of rutin and ascorbic acid combination in Wistar albino rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An increased interest is given to the impact of high fat diet on health worldwide. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism induced by high cholesterol diet (HCD) were reported to exacerbate renal diseases via oxidative stress pathways. Rutin and ascorbic acid showed a protective role against oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Furthermore, both lipid metabolism and tissue response to oxidative stress damage was found to vary according to animal gender. Thus, the objective of this work was to examine possible gender-related differences and the possible protective effects of rutin and ascorbic acid supplementation on high cholesterol diet induced nephrotoxicity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>96 young male and female Wistar albino rats were used. HCD supplemented animals were treated with rutin alone or in combination with ascorbic acid for 6 weeks. Creatinine plasma level was estimated. Furthermore, kidney levels of nucleic acids, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. Finally, kidney tissues were used for histopathological examination.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>HCD supplementation decreased kidney level of nucleic acids, which was more prominent in female animals. Both vitamin combination significantly attenuated HCD induced decrease in nucleic acids. Moreover, kidney level of MDA was significantly altered by HCD in both genders, which was inhibited by rutin and ascorbic acid alone or in combination in male groups and by both vitamins in female groups. There was a reduction in kidney level of GSH by HCD, especially in male groups, which was attenuated by rutin and ascorbic acid combination. Kidney levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased by HCD supplementation in both genders. Coadministration with rutin and/or ascorbic acid protected from such increase, which was more obvious in both vitamins combination. Histopathological investigation supported vitamins protective effect, which was more prominent in male vitamins combination group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>HCD-induced renal injury in female was higher than in male animals, suggesting a better anti-oxidative stress defense response in male's kidney. Moreover, the antioxidant and reno-protective effects of rutin and ascorbic acid were augmented following their combination.</p

Assessing Indigenous Soil Ureolytic Bacteria as Potential Agents for Soil Stabilization

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation by ureolysis is a biomineralization process that has been adapted by various microorganisms in different natural environments. This widespread natural phenomenon can be employed in numerous civil engineering and soil stabilization applications. In the present study, the potential of indigenous soil urease-producing bacteria as potential agents for soil stabilization methods was investigated. Assessment of the eight active urease-producing bacterial species isolated from the farm soil samples has demonstrated that all the isolates were Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria with promising characteristics such as the formation of endospore which is essential for bacterial survival in harsh conditions within the soil environment. The pH profile and growth profile of the isolates were studied and urease activity was measured by the phenol hypochlorite assay method. Two isolates designated isolate O6w and isolate O3a were selected based on the highest urease activity recorded at 665 U/mL and 620 U/mL, respectively, and they were able to increase and sustain alkaline culture condition (pH 8.71 ± 0.01 and 8.55 ± 0.01) which was suitable for CaCO3 precipitation. The isolates were identified based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to be Bacillus cereus (O6w) and Bacillus paramycoides (O3a). This current study suggested that indigenous soil ureolytic bacteria are potential raw material for the biotreatment of soils stability.

REMOVAL OF OIL FROM WASTEWATER BY ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS / HOMOGENEOUS PROCESS

In the present work advanced oxidation process, photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe+2) system, for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil was investigated. The reaction was influenced by the input concentration of hydrogen peroxide H2O2, the initial amount of the iron catalyst Fe+2, pH, temperature and the concentration of oil in the wastewater. The removal efficiency for the system UV/ H2O2/Fe+2 at the optimal conditions and dosage (H2O2 = 400mg/L, Fe+2 = 40mg/L, pH=3, temperature =30o C) for 1000mg/L load was found to be 72%

Study the antibacterial effect of N_butanol extract of Urtica dioica

Since ancient times Urtica dioica has been used as an herbal medicine in Western Asia. The current study demonstrates the anti-bacterial effect of N_butanol extraction of Urtica dioica. The antibacterial effect was tested against some of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria isolated   from hospitalized patients having urinary tract infection. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used. Urticasea is a family of plant known for their medicinal activity from folk medicine. Urtica dioica is a member of urticasea and it is known for it is antibacterial effect. Methods The leaves of Urtica dioica were collected in Iraq from jisr dayla district in Baghdad province in april 2019.The N_butanol extraction was compared with the drug ciprofloxacin. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity of the samples. Results The N_ butanol extract shows weak inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli while other strain does not affect by extract comparing with ciprofloxacin. Conclusion The N_butanol extract of urtica dioica have weak antibacterial effect when compared with ciproflxacin

Nickel challenge up regulates CD69 expression on T lymphocyte sub-sets from patients with nickel induced contact dermatitis

Background: Persistent antigenic stimulation due to repeated exposure to nickel may lead to chronic inflammation resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Objectives: This study was performed to assess nickel induced immune activation among patients sensitized against nickel. Patients and Methods: A total of 35 patients (29 females and 6 males; mean age 36\ub19 years) with nickel contact dermatitis and 20 patch test negative healthy individuals (14 females and 6 males; mean age 29\ub17 years) were included in this study. Peripheral blood of patients and controls was incubated with nickel sulfate for 24 hours. Immune activation was assessed by CD69 up-regulation on T lymphocyte sub-sets by flow cytometry. Results: Base line expression of CD69 on CD8+ lymphocytes was higher among patients compared to controls (4.1\ub11.3%vs2.8\ub11.1%;p&lt;0.009). There was no difference in proportions of CD\ub1CD69+ cells between patients and controls (3.2\ub10.9%vs2.3\ub10.8%). Exposure to nickel induced expression of CD69 on a significantly higher proportion of CD4+ lymphocytes (22.1\ub16.2%) of the ACD patients compared to controls (2.8\ub12.5%;p&lt;0.0001). Similarly nickel induced CD69 expression on a higher proportion of CD8+ lymphocytes (18.2\ub15.3%) from ACD patients compared to the controls (1.9\ub11.8%;p&lt;0.0006). Conclusion: CD69 molecule appears to be an important regulator of immune response in nickel contact dermatitis. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.19 Cite as: Zahid S, Mustafa A, Dina A, Sawsan B, Felwa A, Mohammed G, et al. Nickel challenge up regulates CD69 expression on T lymphocyte sub-sets from patients with nickel induced contact dermatitis. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1). 1460-1466. https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.1