Case of corrosion control in a closed cooling system

The cooling system of the food is one of the main essential systems to maintain food quality in the food processing plant. The using of corrosion inhibitor for the cooling systems is a familiar practice to control the corrosion which is happening due to a different kind of parameters like water quality and the type of materials for the cooling system, in this work, the case of adding corrosion and scale inhibitor to a cooling system containing carbon steel and stainless steel and copper was investigated. The inhibitor was mixed of two materials which are (Sodium Tripolyphosphate as a scale inhibitor and Sodium Polyphosphate as a corrosion inhibitor). The results demonstrate that there is an improvement in reducing the corrosion rate for iron after adding the inhibitor, and the copper ions in the solution reduced if the PH values below 9.5

Radium and Uranium Concentrations of Powder Juice in the Iraq Markets Using CR-39 Detector

استخدمت مسحوق العصائر بصورة واسعة بسبب رخص ثمنها مقارنة بالعصائر الطازجة. هذه العصائر ربما تحتوي على بعض المواد المشعة. كان الهدف من الدراسة قياس تراكيز الراديوم واليورانيوم في بعض الانواع المختارة من الاسواق لمسحوق العصائر الاكثر استخداما. قيست تراكيز العناصر المشعة باستخدام تقنية كاشف CR-39  الموضوع في اناء مغلق. تركيز فعالية الرادون في هذه الدراسة كانت ضمن المدى 57.146 -151.129  Bq/m3 وبقيمة متوسطة  107.62 Bq/m3. وهي ضمن الحدود المقبولة 100 Bq/m3 لمنظمة الصحة العالمية (WHO), واقل من  200 Bq/m3 التي هي مستوى لوائح الوقاية الوطنية الاوربية. الجرعة السنوية الفعالة للرادون تغيرت بين 1.441-3.813 mSv/y وهي ضمن المدى 0.2-10 mSv/y المحدد من قبل (UNSCEAR). تركيز الراديوم وجد بانه يتغير بين القيم  0.188-0.498  Bq/kg وبقيمة متوسطة  0.354 Bq/kg. والجرعة السنوية الفعالة للراديوم كانت ضمن المدى  1.050-2.779 μSv/y. تركيز اليورانيوم تغيرت بين 0.150-0.398 ppm وبقيمة متوسطة 0.283 ppm. والجرعة السنوية الفعالة لليورانيوم كانت ضمن المدى 1.669-4.414  μSv/y. هذا البحث يساهم في تعريف وقياس الفعالية المحددة للعناصر المشعة الموجودة في مسحوق العصائر المتناولة بكثرة في العراق وبينت الدراسة ان هذه الانواع من العصائر امنة للاستهلاك.Powder juices are widely used by the people in the study area because its low price compared to fresh juices. These powder juices may contain some radioactive materials. The study aimed to measure radioactivity concentrations of Radium and Uranium in the most used kinds of powder juice samples, selected from Iraq markets.  CR-39 detector with sealed can technique, used to measure the radioactive elements concentrations. The radionuclides observed in the present work are, the estimated radon activity concentration range is between 57.146-151.129 Bq/m3 with a mean value of 107.62 Bq/m3. The radon concentration mean value is within of 100 Bq/m3 the limits of (WHO) World Health Organization reference level, below of (NRPB) UK National Radiation Protection Board, and below of 200 Bq/m3 the European Commission Recommendation Level. The annual effective dose of radon varied between 1.441-3.813 mSv/y, are within the (UNSCEAR) range 0.2-10 mSv/y. Radium contents were found to vary between 0.188-0.498 Bq/kg and a mean value of 0.354 Bq/kg. The radium effective annual dose ranged between 1.050-2.779 μSv/y. The concentrations of uranium are in the range between 0.150-0.398 ppm with men value of 0.283 ppm. The effective annual dose of uranium varied between 1.669-4.414 μSv/y. This work helped in identifying and measuring the specified activity of radionuclide present in powdered fruit juices consuming in Iraq and showed that these kinds of powder juice are safe for consumption

Particle Swarm Optimization of Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for Ultra Wide Band Imaging Applications

The aim of this paper is to optimize a Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BAVA) to obtain a design compatible with the FCC UWB regulations (return loss less than -10dB for 3.1 to 10.6GHz) as well as having a high gain, low cross polarization, better group delay and smaller size as compared to several published designs. The paper also illustrates the important decisions taken in the design process to help reducing the optimization time and resources. The BAVA has been optimized to reduce antenna return loss and enhance directivity by directly applying Swarm Particle Optimization (PSO) algorithm on a full scale parametric simulation model of BAVA in FEKO suite. Finally, several important radiation characteristics are obtained and compared using EMSS FEKO and Ansoft HFSS to ensure consistency in results

Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients.

BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is associated with high mortality rates but limited clinical data have been reported. We describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from all adult (>18 years old) patients admitted to our 20-bed mixed ICU with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection between October 1, 2012 and May 31, 2014. Diagnosis was confirmed in all patients using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on respiratory samples. RESULTS: During the observation period, 31 patients were admitted with MERS-CoV infection (mean age 59 ± 20 years, 22 [71 %] males). Cough and tachypnea were reported in all patients; 22 (77.4 %) patients had bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Invasive mechanical ventilation was applied in 27 (87.1 %) and vasopressor therapy in 25 (80.6 %) patients during the intensive care unit stay. Twenty-three (74.2 %) patients died in the ICU. Nonsurvivors were older, had greater APACHE II and SOFA scores on admission, and were more likely to have received invasive mechanical ventilation and vasopressor therapy. After adjustment for the severity of illness and the degree of organ dysfunction, the need for vasopressors was an independent risk factor for death in the ICU (odds ratio = 18.33, 95 % confidence interval: 1.11-302.1, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: MERS-CoV infection requiring admission to the ICU is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The need for vasopressor therapy is the main risk factor for death in these patients

Qatar experience on One Health approach for middle-east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2012-2017: A viewpoint

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) in the Middle East in 2012 was associated with an overwhelming uncertainty about its epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Once dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) was found to be the natural reservoir of the virus, the public health systems across the Arabian Peninsula encountered an unprecedented pressure to control its transmission. This view point describes how the One Health approach was used in Qatar to manage the MERS-CoV outbreak during the period 2012–2017. One Health focuses on the association between the human, animals and environment sectors for total health and wellbeing of these three sectors. To manage the MERS outbreak in Qatar through a One Health approach, the Qatar National Outbreak Control Taskforce (OCT) was reactivated in November 2012. The animal health sector was invited to join the OCT. Later on, technical expertise was requested from the WHO, FAO, CDC, EMC, and PHE. Subsequently, a comprehensive One Health roadmap was delivered through leadership and coordination; surveillance and investigation; epidemiological studies and increase of local diagnostic capacity. The joint OCT, once trained had easy access to allocated resources and high risk areas to provide more evidence on the potential source of the virus and to investigate all reported cases within 24–48 h. Lack of sufficient technical guidance on veterinary surveillance and poor risk perception among the vulnerable population constituted major obstacles to maintain systematic One Health performance

Observation of Ds+→pnˉD^+_s\rightarrow p\bar{n} and confirmation of its large branching fraction

The baryonic decay $D^+_s\rightarrow p\bar{n}$ is observed, and the corresponding branching fraction is measured to be $(1.21\pm0.10\pm0.05)\times10^{-3}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and second systematic. The data sample used in this analysis was collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII $e^+e^-$ double-ring collider with a center-of-mass energy of 4.178~GeV and an integrated luminosity of 3.19~fb$^{-1}$. The result confirms the previous measurement by the CLEO Collaboration and is of greatly improved precision, which may deepen our understanding of the dynamical enhancement of the W-annihilation topology in the charmed meson decays

Observation and study of the decay J/ψ→ϕηη′J/\psi\rightarrow\phi\eta\eta'

We report the observation and study of the decay $J/\psi\rightarrow\phi\eta\eta'$ using $1.3\times{10^9}$ $J/\psi$ events collected with the BESIII detector. Its branching fraction, including all possible intermediate states, is measured to be $(2.32\pm0.06\pm0.16)\times{10^{-4}}$. We also report evidence for a structure, denoted as $X$, in the $\phi\eta'$ mass spectrum in the $2.0-2.1$ GeV/$c^2$ region. Using two decay modes of the $\eta'$ meson ($\gamma\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\eta\pi^+\pi^-$), a simultaneous fit to the $\phi\eta'$ mass spectra is performed. Assuming the quantum numbers of the $X$ to be $J^P = 1^-$, its significance is found to be 4.4$\sigma$, with a mass and width of $(2002.1 \pm 27.5 \pm 21.4)$ MeV/$c^2$ and $(129 \pm 17 \pm 9)$ MeV, respectively, and a product branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi\rightarrow\eta{}X)\times{}\mathcal{B}(X\rightarrow\phi\eta')=(9.8 \pm 1.2 \pm 1.7)\times10^{-5}$. Alternatively, assuming $J^P = 1^+$, the significance is 3.8$\sigma$, with a mass and width of $(2062.8 \pm 13.1 \pm 7.2)$ MeV/$c^2$ and $(177 \pm 36 \pm 35)$ MeV, respectively, and a product branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi\rightarrow\eta{}X)\times{}\mathcal{B}(X\rightarrow\phi\eta')=(9.6 \pm 1.4 \pm 2.0)\times10^{-5}$. The angular distribution of $J/\psi\rightarrow\eta{}X$ is studied and the two $J^P$ assumptions of the $X$ cannot be clearly distinguished due to the limited statistics. In all measurements the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures and 4 table

Evidence of a resonant structure in the e+e−→π+D0D∗−e^+e^-\to \pi^+D^0D^{*-} cross section between 4.05 and 4.60 GeV

The cross section of the process $e^+e^-\to \pi^+D^0D^{*-}$ for center-of-mass energies from 4.05 to 4.60~GeV is measured precisely using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two enhancements are clearly visible in the cross section around 4.23 and 4.40~GeV. Using several models to describe the dressed cross section yields stable parameters for the first enhancement, which has a mass of 4228.6 \pm 4.1 \pm 6.3 \un{MeV}/c^2 and a width of 77.0 \pm 6.8 \pm 6.3 \un{MeV}, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. Our resonant mass is consistent with previous observations of the $Y(4220)$ state and the theoretical prediction of a $D\bar{D}_1(2420)$ molecule. This result is the first observation of $Y(4220)$ associated with an open-charm final state. Fits with three resonance functions with additional $Y(4260)$, $Y(4320)$, $Y(4360)$, $\psi(4415)$, or a new resonance, do not show significant contributions from either of these resonances. The second enhancement is not from a single known resonance. It could contain contributions from $\psi(4415)$ and other resonances, and a detailed amplitude analysis is required to better understand this enhancement