Fenómenos de hibridación lingüístico-discursiva y epistémica en textos de bioética

Esta tesis contribuye a la descripción de fenómenos de hibridación en discursos de bioética, a partir de la articulación de las prácticas discursivas portadoras de saberes y procedimientos argumentativos. Con este fin, se analizó un corpus formado por 31 artículos de bioética de tendencia personalista y laica, publicados en España entre 2001 y 2009. Se adoptó para el estudio un enfoque principalmente socio-semio-discursivo del sentido social de los fenómenos lingüístico-discursivos objeto de estudio, en distintos planos textuales. Es, por tanto, un estudio cualitativo que integra además algunos datos cuantitativos. Dada la dimensión argumentativa de los textos analizados, el enfoque adoptado permitió comprobar que los fenómenos de hibridación se manifiestan mediante la recontextualización de tres tipos de saber: el científico, el filosófico-ético-moral y el dóxico. Estos tres saberes se vinculan en los textos con las modalidades enunciativas del discurso referido, el ocultamiento enunciativo y el comentario. Así mismo, se demostró que el sujeto bioético se encuentra en una situación paradójica en la que debe asumir su responsabilidad ético-discursiva a la vez que neutralizar su posición enunciativa. Este trabajo contribuye a los estudios de retórica antilógica. Aunque los hallazgos no son generalizables, por tratarse de un estudio exploratorio sobre estas especificidades textuales, sí que aportan luz sobre los fenómenos de hibridación en un tipo de discurso con un fuerte impacto social, ético y científico.Aquesta tesi és una contribució a la descripció dels fenòmens d’hibridació en discursos de bioètica, a partir de l’articulació de les pràctiques discursives portadores de sabers i procediments argumentatius. L’elaboració del treball parteix d’un corpus de 31 articles de bioètica de tendència personalista i laica, publicats a Espanya entre el 2001 i el 2009. Hem adoptat principalment un enfocament socio-semio-discursiu, per tal de fer una anàlisi del sentit social d’aquests fenòmens lingüístico-discursius en distints nivells textuals. Per tant es tracta d’un estudi qualitatiu basat en algunes dades quantitatives. Això ens ha permès de comprovar que, donada la dimensió argumentativa d’aquests textos, aquests fenòmens es manifesten mitjançant la recontextualització dels tipus de sabers —científic, filosòfico-ètico-moral i dòxic— vinculats per les modalitats enunciatives: enunciat referit, ocultament enunciatiu i comentari. També hem pogut demostrar que el subjecte bioètic es troba en una situació paradoxal, en la qual ha d’assumir la seva responsabilitat ètico-discursiva i al mateix temps neutralitzar la seva posició enunciativa. Aquest treball contribueix als estudis de retòrica antilògica. Tot i que les troballes no són generalitzables, en tractar-se d’un estudi exploratori sobre aquestes especificitats textuals, sí que aporten llum sobre els fenòmens d’hibridació en un tipus de discurs amb un fort impacte social, ètic i científic.This dissertation examines linguistic, discursive and epistemic phenomena of hybridization in bioethical texts by articulating discursive practices representing types of knowledge and argumentative strategies. This study involves a corpus of 31 bioethical articles expressing personalist and humanist trends published in Spain from 2001 to 2009. We principally endorse the socio-semio-discursive approach to develop a multileveled analysis of the social meaning of these phenomena. It is then a qualitative study with some quantitative data. Considering the argumentative dimension of these texts, the results show that the different ways of recontextualising the types of knowledge, scientific,philosophical and moral with the doxa as well as the use of reported speech, enunciative delition and metadiscourses generate different textual levels of hybridization. These results also highlight the paradoxical position of the bioethical subject responsable for his enunciation while attenuating his position. This sudy is a contribution to the antilogical rethoric. Since this is an exploratory study, the findings cannot be generalized

Object tracking in videosequences captured by a camera

Tato diplomová práce popisuje vývoj systému na detekování pohybu. Systém na vstupu pracuje se snímky, které mu budou dodány z kamery. Na těchto snímcích je postupně pro-vedena detekce rohů, korespondence mezi body a shlukování. Výsledkem je pak určení pohybu objektů ve snímcích. V práci je proveden i teoretický základ ke všem použitým pro-blematikám. Systém byl otestován na různých vstupních datech. V závěru je pak zhodnocení celého systému a jeho výhod a nevýhod.This diploma thesis describes the development of a system for motion detection. The system works with images, that are obtained from a camera and used as an input data. Corner detec-tion, correspondence between points, and clustering are subsequently performed on these images. As a result, motion of the objects in the images is determined. Theoretical background of all the considered issues is also presented in this work. The system was tested on various input data. The conclusion contains the assessment of the whole system and its advantages and drawbacks.Prezenční456 - Katedra informatikydobř

The cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase II Is an Inhibitory Modulator of the Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN2 Channel

Opening of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels is facilitated by direct binding of cyclic nucleotides to a cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) in the C-terminus. Here, we show for the first time that in the HCN2 channel cGMP can also exert an inhibitory effect on gating via cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (cGKII)-mediated phosphorylation. Using coimmunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry we demonstrate that cGKII and HCN2 interact and colocalize with each other upon heterologous expression as well as in native mouse brain. We identify the proximal C-terminus of HCN2 as binding region of cGKII and show that cGKII phosphorylates HCN2 at a specific serine residue (S641) in the C-terminal end of the CNBD. The cGKII shifts the voltage-dependence of HCN2 activation to 2–5 mV more negative voltages and, hence, counteracts the stimulatory effect of cGMP on gating. The inhibitory cGMP effect can be either abolished by mutation of the phosphorylation site in HCN2 or by impairing the catalytic domain of cGKII. By contrast, the inhibitory effect is preserved in a HCN2 mutant carrying a CNBD deficient for cGMP binding. Our data suggest that bidirectional regulation of HCN2 gating by cGMP contributes to cellular fine-tuning of HCN channel activity

Determination of Baroreflex Sensitivity during the Modified Oxford Maneuver by Trigonometric Regressive Spectral Analysis

BACKGROUND: Differences in spontaneous and drug-induced baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) have been attributed to its different operating ranges. The current study attempted to compare BRS estimates during cardiovascular steady-state and pharmacologically stimulation using an innovative algorithm for dynamic determination of baroreflex gain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Forty-five volunteers underwent the modified Oxford maneuver in supine and 60° tilted position with blood pressure and heart rate being continuously recorded. Drug-induced BRS-estimates were calculated from data obtained by bolus injections of nitroprusside and phenylephrine. Spontaneous indices were derived from data obtained during rest (stationary) and under pharmacological stimulation (non-stationary) using the algorithm of trigonometric regressive spectral analysis (TRS). Spontaneous and drug-induced BRS values were significantly correlated and display directionally similar changes under different situations. Using the Bland-Altman method, systematic differences between spontaneous and drug-induced estimates were found and revealed that the discrepancy can be as large as the gain itself. Fixed bias was not evident with ordinary least products regression. The correlation and agreement between the estimates increased significantly when BRS was calculated by TRS in non-stationary mode during the drug injection period. TRS-BRS significantly increased during phenylephrine and decreased under nitroprusside. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The TRS analysis provides a reliable, non-invasive assessment of human BRS not only under static steady state conditions, but also during pharmacological perturbation of the cardiovascular system

World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment (WIST) multispecialty training guidelines for endovascular stroke intervention

Introduction: Today, endovascular treatment (EVT) is the therapy of choice for strokes due to acute large vessel occlusion, irrespective of prior thrombolysis. This necessitates fast, coordinated multi-specialty collaboration. Currently, in most countries, the number of physicians and centres with expertise in EVT is limited. Thus, only a small proportion of eligible patients receive this potentially life-saving therapy, often after significant delays. Hence, there is an unmet need to train a sufficient number of physicians and centres in acute stroke intervention in order to allow widespread and timely access to EVT. Aim: To provide multi-specialty training guidelines for competency, accreditation and certification of centres and physicians in EVT for acute large vessel occlusion strokes. Material and methods: The World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment (WIST) consists of experts in the field of endovascular stroke treatment. This interdisciplinary working group developed competency – rather than time-based – guidelines for operator training, taking into consideration trainees’ previous skillsets and experience. Existing training concepts from mostly single specialty organizations were analysed and incorporated. Results: The WIST establishes an individualized approach to acquiring clinical knowledge and procedural skills to meet the competency requirements for certification of interventionalists of various disciplines and stroke centres in EVT. WIST guidelines encourage acquisition of skills using innovative training methods such as structured supervised high-fidelity simulation and procedural performance on human perfused cadaveric models. Conclusions: WIST multispecialty guidelines outline competency and quality standards for physicians and centres to perform safe and effective EVT. The role of quality control and quality assurance is highlighted