Translating programming languages for intermediate codes

Many of the important data structures used in a compiler are intermediate representations of the program being compiled. Often these representations take the form of trees, with several node types, each of which has different attributes. Tree representations can be described with grammars, just like programming languages. For each grammar rule, there is one constructor that belongs to the class for its left-hand-side symbol. I simply extend the abstract class with a concrete class for each grammar rule. Each grammar rule has right hand side components that must be represented in the data structures.compiler, lexical analysis, abstract syntax, intermediate representation, abstract machine language

Distribution of the Object Oriented Databases. A Viewpoint of the MVDB Model's Methodology and Architecture

In databases, much work has been done towards extending models with advanced tools such as view technology, schema evolution support, multiple classification, role modeling and viewpoints. Over the past years, most of the research dealing with the object multiple representation and evolution has proposed to enrich the monolithic vision of the classical object approach in which an object belongs to one hierarchy class. In particular, the integration of the viewpoint mechanism to the conventional object-oriented data model gives it flexibility and allows one to improve the modeling power of objects. The viewpoint paradigm refers to the multiple descriptions, the distribution, and the evolution of object. Also, it can be an undeniable contribution for a distributed design of complex databases. The motivation of this paper is to define an object data model integrating viewpoints in databases and to present a federated database architecture integrating multiple viewpoint sources following a local-as-extended-view data integration approach.object-oriented data model, OQL language, LAEV data integration approach, MVDB model, federated databases, Local-As-View Strategy.

'There'-Constructions Revisited

The aim of this paper is to provide an account of there-constructions of the for

Zur Semantik von werden : ist prädikatives werden transitional?

The paper addresses the longstanding question of whether the copular verb "werden" ('become') is a transitional, i.e. telic, or a nontransitional, i.e. atelic, verb, or verb that is unspecified with regard to telicity. By means of standard tests and historical considerations, it is argued that the verb is telic and refers to accomplishment situations. Nevertheless, there are two types of copular "werden"-clauses with regard to which this view may seem questionable at first sight. First, some "werden"-clauses appear to refer to achievements. This, however, is not a matter concerning the semantics of werden. Rather, the crucial cases are accidentally instantaneous because their predicative complements are absolute predicates. Hence, they do not allow for extended transitions from one state to another. Second, some other "werden"-clauses, expecially those with comparative complements, sometimes appear to refer to processes. However "werden" combined with a comparatival adjective can be shown to be able to refer to clear accomplishment situations. The process-effect is due to a common phenomenon of reinterpretation that leads to iterative transitions between degrees

'There'-Constructions Revisited

No abstract

On the temporal interpretation of noun phrases

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-231).by Renate Musan.Ph.D

Alle haben Klötze gelegt - und nun? Über den Beitrag der Mathematikdidaktik zum Inklusionsdiskurs

In dem Artikel geht es um die Frage, ob die Mathematikdidaktik ihren Anspruch auf eine Einbindung aller Kinder in den inklusiven Mathematikunterricht bereits erfüllt hat. Für den sonderpädagogischen Schwerpunkt Geistige Entwicklung ist dies aus Sicht praktizierender Lehrpersonen nicht der Fall. Um einen Mathematikunterricht für alle Kinder  verwirklichen zu können, müssen abweichende Lernprozesse beachtet, Einschränkungen bei der Informationsverarbeitung und in der Kommunikationsfähigkeit aufgefangen und individuelle Entwicklungsverläufe berücksichtigt werden. Dafür ist ein enger Austausch mathematikdidaktischer, sonderpädagogischer und entwicklungspsychologischer Expertise notwendig

Linguistics

Contains table of contents for Section 4, an introduction and abstracts of eight doctoral dissertations

On the expression of TAM on nouns: evidence from Tundra Nenets

The paper aims to enrich the database of independent time-related morphology on nouns and contribute to the discussion of its categorization by examining the so-called predestinative forms in Tundra Nenets (Uralic). The basic semantic contribution predestinatives make consists in providing temporal information relevant for the interpretation of possessive NPs: they specify the relation between the time at which the possessive predicate is true of the possessor and the possessed noun, and the time at which the whole NP is true. However, some properties of predestinatives are not easily accounted for by the nominal tense analysis; rather it would be more appropriate to analyze them as nominal mood, in particular, subjunctive or embedded irrealis. The paper concludes that Tundra Nenets presents rather clear evidence for a TAM category on nouns, but whether it is tense or mood ultimately depends on whether nominal tense is defined as a category that affects the time at which the whole NP is true or the time at which the predicate embedded within the NP is true