Surface-enhanced optical third-harmonic generation in Ag island films

Surface-enhanced optical third-harmonic generation (THG) is observed in silver island films. The THG intensity from Ag nanoparticles is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude with respect to the THG intensity from a smooth and homogeneous silver surface. This enhancement is attributed to local plasmon excitation and resonance of the local field at the third-harmonic wavelength. The diffuse and depolarized component of the enhanced THG is associated with the third-order hyper-Rayleigh scattering in a 2-D random array of silver nanoparticles.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Expanded Reality: Just a Trend of our Time or do We Need Technology?

The article defines the concepts of distance analysis. Their main forms, types and meanings in the are considered. The historical foundations of distance learning and all the stages of its formation are clearly traced, followed by the definition of characteristic features. Describes possible ways to eliminate existing problems and improve the quality of such learning. Considerable attention is paid to distance learning technology and its resources, in particular, expanded reality. Its key features, strengths and weaknesses, importance in the educational process and distance education are outlined. To create this article we used methods of synthesis and analysis, historical, comparative, and theoretical analysis of scientific literature and thematic journals and collection of data from sources. To achieve the proposed goal, we used the literature of various scientists and researchers who devoted their works to the subject of distance education. This allowed an in-depth study and research on this topic and came to the conclusion that distance learning is not inferior to traditional and is in increasing demand every year. In turn, expanded reality technology is exactly what the modern student needs to fully immerse himself in the world of learning and make the process exciting, interesting and interactive

Optical second harmonic generation probe of two-dimensional ferroelectricity

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used as a noninvasive probe of two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of copolymer vinylidene fluoride with trifluorethylene. The surface 2D ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in the topmost layer of LB films and a thickness independent (almost 2D) transition in the bulk of these films are observed in temperature studies of SHG.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, Optics Letters, in prin

Peculiarities of Usage of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in the Work of REGIONAL Informational Site

В статье рассмотрены возможности искусственного интеллекта для расширения читательской аудитории, повышения узнаваемости средства массовой информации в интернете. Материал исследования — более 1200 публикаций интернет-ресурса 74.ru, размещенных в социальных медиа «Яндекс.Дзен» и «ВКонтакте». По итогу исследования авторы предлагают практические рекомендации для СМИ по использованию социальных медиа в редакционной работе регионального сайта.The article studies the abilities of artificial intelligence for enlarging the readership, and increasing the mass media’s recognition in the Internet. The research material includes over 1200 publications of the Internet resource 74.ru, posted in the social media platforms «Yandex.Zen» and «VKontakte». As the result the authors offer practical recommendations for using social media in the editorial work of regional sites of mass media.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых – кандидатов наук МК-1684.2020.6

The role of polymorphic variants of arginase genes (<i>ARG1, ARG2</i>) involved in beta-2-agonist metabolism in the development and course of asthma

Asthma is a common severe disease of the respiratory tract, it leads to a significant impairment in the quality of a patient’s life unless effectively treated. Uncontrolled asthma symptoms are a cause of disease progression and development, they lead to an increase in the patient’s disability. The sensitivity to asthma therapy largely depends on the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors, which account for about 50–60 % of variability of therapeutic response. Beta-2-agonists are some of the major class of bronchodilators used for asthma management. According to published data, allelic variants of the arginase ARG1 and ARG2 genes are associated with a risk of asthma development, spirometry measures and efficacy of bronchodilator therapy. High arginase activity results in a low level of plasma L-arginine and in a decrease in nitric oxide, and, as a result, in an increase in airway inflammation and remodeling. Arginase genetic polymorphisms (rs2781667 of the ARG1 gene, rs17249437, rs3742879, rs7140310 of the ARG2 gene) were studied in 236 children with asthma and 194 unrelated healthy individuals of Russian, Tatar and Bashkir ethnicity from the Republic of Bashkortostan. Association analysis of the studied polymorphisms with asthma development and course, the sensitivity to therapy in patients was carried out. It was found that the rs2781667*C allele of the ARG1 gene is a marker of an increased risk of asthma in Tatars. In Russians, the association of rs17249437*TT and rs3742879*GG genotypes of the ARG2 gene with a decrease in spirometry measures (FEV1, MEF25) was established. In Russians and Tatars receiving glucocorticoid monotherapy or combination therapy, the association of the rs17249437*T allele and rs17249437*TT genotype of the ARG2 gene with a partially controlled and uncontrolled course of asthma was shown

TeV-scale bileptons, see-saw type II and lepton flavor violation in core-collapse supernova

Electrons and electron neutrinos in the inner core of the core-collapse supernova are highly degenerate and therefore numerous during a few seconds of explosion. In contrast, leptons of other flavors are non-degenerate and therefore relatively scarce. This is due to lepton flavor conservation. If this conservation law is broken by some non-standard interactions, electron neutrinos are converted to muon and tau-neutrinos, and electrons - to muons. This affects the supernova dynamics and the supernova neutrino signal. We consider lepton flavor violating interactions mediated by scalar bileptons, i.e. heavy scalars with lepton number 2. It is shown that in case of TeV-mass bileptons the electron fermi gas is equilibrated with non-electron species inside the inner supernova core at a time-scale of order of (1-100) ms. In particular, a scalar triplet which generates neutrino masses through the see-saw type II mechanism is considered. It is found that supernova core is sensitive to yet unprobed values of masses and couplings of the triplet.Comment: accepted to Eur.Phys.J.

Исследование сорбции лекарственных веществ перфтораном

Objective: to estimate the perfluorane adsorption capacity of the drugs belonging to different pharmacological groups. Materials and methods. The binding of perfluorane to 50 drugs at concentrations of 12.5 to 100 ^M was studied in vitro using equilibrium dialysis. Results. Interactions of ligands with the particles of perfluorane emulsion were found to be of three types. Type 1 substances were characterized by negative affinity to perfluorane; type 2 ligands acted indifferently with the emulsion; type 3 compounds were reversibly adsorbed with the particles of the blood substitute by the affinity constants ( Kaff) of 104 M-1. Conclusion. The perfluorane adsorption capacity is ambiguous and seems to depend on the properties of ligands. Type 3 interactions, which may lead to an increase in blood adsorption capacity and change in the pharmacokinet-ics of drugs used in combination with perfluorane, appear to be the most important. Key words: perfluorane, binding, drugs, drug interactions.Цель исследования — оценка сорбционной способности перфторана в отношении лекарственных веществ, принадлежащих к различным фармакологическим группам. Материалы и методы. В экспериментах in vitro с помощью метода равновесного диализа исследована степень связывания с перфтораном 50 лекарственных веществ, взятых в концентрациях от 12,5 до 100 мкМ. Результаты. Выявлены три типа взаимодействия лигандов с частицами эмульсии перфторана. Вещества первого типа характеризовались негативной тропностью к перфторану; ли-ганды второго типа вели себя индифферентно по отношению к эмульсии; соединения третьего типа обратимо сорбировались частицами кровезаменителя с константами взаимодействия Kag порядка 104 М-1. Заключение. Сорбционная активность перфторана в отношении лекарственных веществ проявляется неоднозначно и, по-видимому, зависит от свойств лигандов. Наиболее значимыми представляются взаимодействия третьего типа, результатом которых может стать увеличение сорбционной емкости крови и изменение фармакокинетики лекарств, используемых совместно с перфтораном. Ключевые слова: перфторан, связывание, лекарственные вещества, лекарственные взаимодействия