Studi Klimograf Perubahan Cuaca dan Bangkitan Malaria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara

Background : Malaria in Banjarnegara district is inequitable distribution. The fluctuate of meteorology factors was a dominant factor of the vector densities. This is very important object especially to evaluate the correlation between the climograph of meteorology data and malaria incidence. The climograph was the important instrument to predicted the re-emerging of malaria. Methods : Based on the malaria incidence and the meteorological data in ten years, the phenomena of climate change was analyzed. Correlation between malaria incidence and meteorology data analyses by the Pearson Product Moment. Climograph was composed by the average of meteorology data as long as ten years period. Average of yearly meteorology climograph was composed by the yearly meteorology data. The overlay of the two climograph conclude relationship between malaria case incidence and fluctuate of meteorology. Results : The results of the research showed coefficient of correlation rainfall to malaria incidence –0,75, correlation of air temperature to malaria incidence –0,6875, and correlation of air humidity to malaria incidence –0,6407. If the annual climograph as same as range with the average of the ten years climograph, incidence of malaria was low (1995, API 0,02). If the annual climograph different with the average of the ten years climograph in which the incidence of malaria was high (2001, API 15,53). Key : Malaria incidence, Climograph study, Re-emerging diseas

Malaria Vulnerability Index (Mli) Untuk Manajemen Risiko Dampak Perubahan Iklim Global Terhadap Ledakan Malaria Di Indonesia

Global Climate Change excess several impacts to the global weather variability. In the past century, the global average surface temperature has risen by 0.74 ºC. The observed increase in average temperatures is widespread around the globe, with rising trends recorded on all continents and in thesea. The climate on Indonesia raised warmer during 20o th century. Annual temperature increased 0,3 C from 1900 until 1990. The 1998 anomalously warm years, almost 1 oC than average of temperature during 1961-1990. Indonesia region annual of precipitation decreases 2-3% duringDecember – Pebruary of the wet period. Weather variability have occurrence of fector borne diseases with different pattern.The Malaria Vulnerability Index (MLI) as new method of malaria management. The MLI contributed to mapping of vulnerability areas with high risk transmission. The region index expected value of malaria risk area. Result of the simulation on the malaria endemic area, variability of range index 1-5. The value of index 5 correlate with high of risk malaria transmission. Malaria management base on risk of each area, with the highest value of index. Management approach of malaria risk : 1. adaptation and mitigation; 2. reduced of hazard resources; 3. partnership assurance system; 4. technology alternative;5. land restoration. Conclusion of Malaria Vulnerability Index (MLI) simulation, MLI as tools of high risk of malaria management with vulnerability mapping malaria risk area

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT PADA BALITA DI INDONESIA

Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus atau bakteri yang biasanya menular sehingga dapat menimbulkan berbagai spektrum penyakit yang berkisar dari penyakit tanpa gejala sampai kepada penyakit yang parah dan mematikan, tergantung kepada patogen penyebabnya, faktor lingkungan, dan faktor pejamu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi mengenai faktor-faktor risiko kejadian ISPA pada balita berdasarkan kajian literatur review. Metode penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan menggunakan database sinta sebagai bahan acuan. Pengkategorian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti yaitu terindeks pada sinta 2-5, publikasi 10 tahun terakhir, dan mempunyai variabel yang berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor risiko kejadian ISPA pada balita. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu ditemukan bahwa terdapat faktor lingkungan yang dominan seperti: suhu, kelembaban, pencahayaan, ventilasi, dan kepadatan hunian merupakan faktor risiko yang menjadi penyebab kejadian ISPA pada balita. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat faktor lingkungan, pendidikan ibu, kebiasaan merokok yang menjadi faktor risiko terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita yang harus diperbaiki

ANCAMAN KARBOKSI HAEOMOGLOBINE (COHb) MASYARAKAT BERESIKO TINGI PADA RUAS JALAN NASIONAL

ABSTRACT The transportation system give the impact of Carbonmonoxide (CO) of ambient air. The factors that affect the transport, dillution, and dispersion of Carbonmonokxide were meteorological condition, pollutant material, and effects of terrain. The community orround the main strret get most of carbonmonokxide dispertion. The aim of the research was identify traffict densities, concentration of the Carbonmonoxide (CO) of ambient air and carboksihaemoglobine (COHb). The research method was descriptive analytic with cross sectional survey. Sample of traffic density, carbon monoxide (CO) and Carboxihaemoglobine (COHb) were identified on 12 point at the main streets Semarang City. The analyze of correlation coefficient to identified degree of interdependency among other variable. Result of the research shaw the traffic density variety 6.660 pmv/hour to 13.140 pmv/hour . The Carbonmonokxide (CO) ambient air variety 3.432,78 μg/m3 to 9.154,07 μg/m3, average 6.097,75 μg/m3. Karboxihaemoglobine (COHb) variety 1,4 % CO to 11,2 % CO. The correlation of traffic density and CO ambient (r) 0,495, and the correlation of CO ambient air and Carboxihaemoglobine (COHb) 0,661. Conclusion of the research the Carbon monoxide (CO) of ambient air under of threshold. The carboxihaemoglobine (COHb) upper of the norm of the human body

Pengembangan Metode Penilaian Mandiri Kualitas Data Rutin Di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surakarta

Universitas Diponegoro Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Program Studi Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kesehatan 2017 ABSTRAK Puguh Ika Listyorini Pengembangan Metode Penilaian Mandiri Kualitas Data Rutin Di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surakarta xviii + 158 halaman + 37 tabel + 36 gambar + 13 lampiran Data merupakan dasar pengambilan keputusan dan kebijakan. Data yang berkualitas akan menghasilkan kebijakan yang berkualitas. Metode penilaian kualitas data yang ada sekarang ini belum mencakup semua indikator kualitas data. Apabila Indikator atau kriteria penilaian yang terdapat dalam suatu metode penilaian kualitas data semakin lengkap maka tingkat penilaian metode tersebut akan semakin tinggi terhadap suatu data. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembanganmetode penilaian mandiri kualitas data rutin di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surakarta yang sebelumnya dilakukan penilaian kualitas data dengan metode HMN dan PMKDR terlebih dahulu. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah research and development (R&D) yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi tujuh langkah, yaitu merumuskan potensi masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba produk, dan revisi produk. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 19 responden yang merupakan pengelola data di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surakarta. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan cara analisis isi. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan bahwa dalam tahap uji coba dari hasil pengembangan metode penilaian kualitas data yang telah dikembangkan pada dasarnya berhasil, atau dapat digunakan. Hasil penilaian kualitas data dengan metode yang dikembangkan adalah kualitas pengumpulan data yang sangat adekuat, kualitas akurasi data kurang baik, kualitas konsistensi data ada tetapi tidak adekuat, kualitas aktualitas data sangat adekuat, kualitas periodesitas data sangat adekuat, kualitas keterwakilan data sangat adekuat, dan pemilahan data sangat adekuat. Perlu adanya komitmen dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surakarta untuk memanfaatkan hasil pengembangan metode ini untuk menilai kualitas data untuk menunjang tersedianya informasi, pengambilan keputusan, dan perencanaan program kesehatan. Selain itu juga diperlukan pengembangan penelitian ini dengan melakukan semua tahap alur R&D agar hasil akhir pengembangan metode yang dilakukan dapat lebih baik. Kata kunci : Pengembangan, Metode, Kualitas Data Rutin. Kepustakaan : 37 (1985-2015)Diponegoro University Faculty of Public Health Master’s Study Program in Public Health Majoring in Health Management Information System 2017 ABSTRACT Puguh Ika Listyorini Development of Independent Assessment Method of Routine Data Quality at Surakarta City Health Office xviii + 158 pages + 37 tables + 36 figures + 13 appendices Data are as basic to make a decision and a policy. Good data quality will result good policy quality. A current method for data quality assessment has not covered all indicators of data quality. If indicators or assessment criteria available in a method of data quality assessment are complete, a level of the data assessment will be high. This study aimed at developing a method of independent assessment for routine data quality at Surakarta City Health Office which was previously assessed using methods of HMN and PMKDR. This was a research and development study that had been modified into seven steps, namely arranging potency of problems, collecting data, designing a product, validating design, revising design, trying out a product, and revising a product. Research subjects consisted of 19 respondents who were data managers at Surakarta City Health Office. Data were analysed using content analysis. The results of this research showed that the developed method principally was successful or could be used to assess data quality during a trying out step.The results of data quality assessment using the developed method were as follows: quality of data collection was very adequate, quality of data accuracy was not good, the was any quality of data consistency but it was not adequate, quality of data actuality was very adequate, quality of data periodicity was very adequate, quality of data representativeness was very adequate, and data separation was very adequate. Surakarta City Health Office needs to have a commitment to utilise the developed method to assess data quality for providing information, making a decision, and planning health programs. In addition, further research needs to be conducted by developing this study through performing all steps of R&D in order to have better results. Keywords: Development, Method, Routine Data Quality Bibliography: 37 (1985-2015

The Relationship between the Quality of the Physical Environment of the House and the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Tangerang City in 2022

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is a major health problem and one of the leading causes of death in the world. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between the physical condition of the house and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Tangerang City, Banten Province. This research is a quantitative research with a case control design. This study was conducted in Tangerang City conducted from June to September 2022. The sample for this study was 400 people, consisting of 200 case samples and 200 control samples. The sampling technique used in this research is proportional sampling technique. Data analysis in this study was analysis using the Chi square test and the Odds Ratio value. The research results show that there is a relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis with (p value = 0.001; OR= 4,397; 95% CI=2,454-7,879), there is a relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis with a value of (p value=0,001; OR=2,970; 95% CI=1,968-4,482), there is no relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis with a (p value=0.679; OR=0,858; 95% CI=0,499–1,476), there is a relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis with a (p value =0.001; OR=6,791; 95% CI=4,382–10,523), there is no relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis with a (p value=0.764; OR=0,874; 95% CI =0,485–1,574); there is no relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of pulmonary TB with a (p value=0.471; OR=1,225; 95% CI=0,764–1,964).in the Tangerang City area. The advice that can be given is that patients pay more attention to the house physical condition so that no proliferation of mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted to other people and people in the house.Keyword: Tuberculosis, Physical Environment, Environmental Factor

Perubahan Kualitas Air Sungai Dan Waterborne Diseases Di Kabupaten Boyolali (Studi Air Sungai Gandul, Sungai Cemoro, Dan Sungai Pepe)

Pencemaran lingkungan dapat terjadi akibat dari kegiatan industri, peternakan, pertanian dan aktivitas domestik. Terdapat beberapa parameter yang mengidentifikasikan pencemaran dan merugikan masyarakat serta ekosistem perairan antara lain BOD, COD, DO, Deterjen dan Fecal Colifrom. Pencemaran lingkungan pada air dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit di masyarakat yang tinggal sekitarnya. Penelitian data sekunder ini menganalisis parameter kualitas air sungai (BOD, COD, DO, Deterjen dan Fecal Coliform) dengan kejadian Waterborne diseases di Kabupaten Boyolali tahun 2017 – 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis time series dengan rancangan penelitian data sekunder. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder kualitas air sungai (Sungai Gandul di daerah Cepogo, Sungai Pepe di daerah Boyolali, dan Sungai Cemoro di daerah Simo) dan kejadian waterborne diseases di Kabupaten Boyolali. Data yang digunakan merupakan data tahunan selama 3 tahun yaitu dari 2017 hingga 2019. Data kualitas diolah dengan metode indeks pencemaran kemudian di analisis uji beda berpasangan wilcoxon serta pemetaan cluster – outlier Moran’s. Hasil perhitungan indeks pencemaran yang diperoleh kondisi dalam status tercemar ringan namun beberapa titik sungai mengalami kondisi cemar sedang.  Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kualitas air sungai saat musim hujan dengan musim kemarau. Risiko penyebaran waterborne diseases  tertinggi di  Kecamatan Wonosegoro dan Kecamatan Klego

Kajian Teknis dan Manajerial Pengelolaan Sampah dan Kaitannya dengan Kesehatan Lingkungan di Kota Jayapura

ABSTRACK Backround : The waste management in Jayapura is considered poor, since it is still depend on the employees from Sanitation Department and waste container trucks from the Sanitation Department. The other problem is no strict federal regulation and punishment for throwing garbage in inappropriate places. Additionally, the locals forced the government to shut down the Nafri\u27s solid waste disposal area by holding a demonstration protest because it was not well treated by the government. The objective of this research was to evaluate the technical and management aspect of solid waste management in Jayapura. Methods : This was a description explorative research with qualitative analysis. A laboratory examination has been done in order to find out the quality of river water, wells, and the air condition around the solid waste disposal. Conclusions : There were several aspects which need to be fixed for the solid waste processing in Jayapura. It was Technical Operational, Institution, Finance, Regulation, and the society participation. The solid waste disposal sanitation showed an amount of vector, in this case, is a quite big number of flies that reaches until ninety eight flies per grill block. The quality of clean water in the area around the solid waste disposal and the Nafri\u27s camp area showed no pollution of heavy metals. However, based on microbiologic examination, the water has not fulfilled the standard quality parameter of bacteriologic. Additionally, the quality of the air is also under the air standard regulation