Managing escalating demand for public services in a time of financial austerity: a case study of family interventions

The UK (along with many other countries) is facing the challenges of financial austerity with little or no growth in public funding for the foreseeable future. This creates particular challenges for public services as economic downturns often increase the demand for public services at a time when resources are constrained. A particular service of this type is the provision of support to ‘troubled’ families through what are termed family interventions, in one local authority area, and the impact of financial austerity on those services. It considers the strategic options available for dealing with the dilemma of increasing demand and declining resources, and assesses the implications of implementing these options. It also considers the key factors which inhibit the development and implementation of such approaches, in order to provide a starting point for developing a practical strategy for dealing with the challenges ahead. Finally, it considers how the findings related to family interventions can be applied to other services in a similar situation of increasing demand and decreasing resources

Housing and council tax benefits administration in England: a long-term perspective on the performance of the local government delivery system

This paper evaluates the performance of the Council Tax and Housing Benefits Administration Services delivered by local authorities since the current system for the delivery of these benefits was introduced. During this period the performance of local government has been regulated and influenced by four successive national delivery regimes imposed by central governments namely Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT); Best Value (BV); Comprehensive Performance Assessments (CPA) and Comprehensive Area Assessments (CAA). An earlier paper (XXXX et al. forthcoming) examined the CPA period in detail and found a significant improvement in performance across all types of authorities in all parts of the country during this period. The current paper is intended to complement this earlier analysis and provide a longer term perspective on the performance of the benefits service under successive regimes between 1993 and 2010. The findings show that under CCT the performance of the system was poor, there were wide variations in individual local authority’s performance, with many acknowledged inadequacies in the system and unacceptably high levels of fraud. However in this period and in the subsequent BV period the antecedents of some of the tools and techniques subsequently used to drive improvement in the CPA era were either put in place or were being developed

Comprehensive performance assessment and public services improvement in England? A case study of the benefits administration service in local government

The purpose of this paper is to independently evaluate the impact of the Comprehensive Performance Assessment regime on one particular public service, namely the provision of Council Tax and Housing Benefits distributed by local authorities throughout the course of the regime. This service was assessed in every iteration of the CPA methodologies and it included one of the few key performance indicators (KPIs) where the definition of the performance indicator, the means of collection and the public reporting of its results, remained the same throughout the CPA period between 2002 and 2008

Applying Monte Carlo configuration interaction to transition metal dimers: exploring the balance between static and dynamic correlation

We calculate potential curves for transition metal dimers using Monte Carlo configuration interaction (MCCI). These results, and their associated spectroscopic values, are compared with experimental and computational studies. The multireference nature of the MCCI wavefunction is quantified and we estimate the important orbitals. We initially consider the ground state of the chromium dimer. Next we calculate potential curves for Sc$_{2}$ where we contrast the lowest triplet and quintet states. We look at the molybdenum dimer where we compare non-relativistic results with the partial inclusion of relativistic effects via effective core potentials, and report results for scandium nickel.Comment: 9 pages and 8 figure

CaII and NaI absorption signatures from the circumgalactic gas of the Milky Way

We combine CaII/NaI absorption and HI 21 cm emission line measurements to analyse the metal abundances, the distribution, the small-scale structure, and the physical conditions of intermediate- and high-velocity gas in the Galactic halo.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in proceeding of "Galaxies in the Local Volume" Sydney 8-13 July 200

A human factors methodology for real-time support applications

A general approach to the human factors (HF) analysis of new or existing projects at NASA/Goddard is delineated. Because the methodology evolved from HF evaluations of the Mission Planning Terminal (MPT) and the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite Mission Operations Room (ERBS MOR), it is directed specifically to the HF analysis of real-time support applications. Major topics included for discussion are the process of establishing a working relationship between the Human Factors Group (HFG) and the project, orientation of HF analysts to the project, human factors analysis and review, and coordination with major cycles of system development. Sub-topics include specific areas for analysis and appropriate HF tools. Management support functions are outlined. References provide a guide to sources of further information

Microwave-mediated heat transport through a quantum dot

The thermoelectric effect in a quantum dot (QD) attached to two leads in the presence of microwave fields is studied by using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function technique. When the microwave is applied only on the QD and in the linear-response regime, the main peaks in the thermoelectric figure of merit and the thermopower are found to decrease, with the emergence of a set of photon-induced peaks. Under this condition the microwave field can not generate heat current or electrical bias voltage. Surprisingly, when the microwave field is applied only to one (bright) lead and not to the other (dark) lead or the QD, heat flows mostly from the dark to the bright lead, almost irrespectively to the direction of the thermal gradient. We attribute this effect to microwave-induced opening of additional transport channels below the Fermi energy. The microwave field can change both the magnitude and the sign of the electrical bias voltage induced by the temperature gradient.Comment: 5 figur