Free Form of the Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation in External Electromagnetic Fields

We derive the exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for Dirac fermions in a time independent external electromagnetic field in the basis of the Ritus eigenfunctions, namely the eigenfunctions of the operator $(\gamma \cdot \Pi)^2$, with $\Pi^\mu = p^\mu - e A^\mu$. In this basis, the transformation acquires a free form involving the dynamical quantum numbers induced by the field.Comment: 8 pages. Accepted in J. Phys. A: Math. and Theo. (Fast Track Communication

Trascendencia e inmanencia del Intelecto. Los casos de Anaxágoras y Giordano Bruno

The article presents and compares the perspectives of Anaxagoras and Giordano Bruno on the intellect as an efficient cause of the world. It is shown that while both concepts indicate the transcendence and the immanence of the intellect, neither manages to establish either transcendence or immanence in a categorical manner. This ambivalence shows that the intelligent cause of the world is detectable in nature because of its actions, but not because of its being.El artículo presenta y relaciona los planteamientos de Anaxágoras y de Giordano Bruno acerca de un intelecto comprendido como la causa eficiente del mundo. Se muestra que ambas concepciones indican ya la trascendencia, ya la inmanencia del intelecto; sin embargo, ninguna termina por afirmar su ser trascendente o inmanente de manera categórica. Esta ambivalencia compartida pone de manifiesto que la causa inteligente es perceptible en la naturaleza por su acción, pero no por su ser

Liberación de sustancias en células senescentes

La invención trata de nanodispositivos para la liberación controlada de sustancias que comprenden un soporte recubierto por oligosacáridos, donde dichos oligosacáridos comprenden al menos 3 unidades de monosacáridos, y donde al menos uno de los monosacáridos es galactosa. Estos nanodispositivos liberan su carga de manera específica en células senescentes. La invención también recoge su procedimiento de obtención y sus usosPeer reviewedUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Rara

Health-care guidelines and policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: a case of health-inequalities

Background Heterogeneous government responses have been reported in reaction to COVID-19. The aim of this study is to generate an exploratory review of healthcare policies published during COVID-19 by health-care institutions in Mexico. Analyzing policies within different health sub-systems becomes imperative in the Mexican case due to the longstanding fragmentation of the health-care system and health inequalities. Data and Methods Policies purposely included in the analysis were published by four public health institutions (IMSS, ISSSTE, SSA and PEMEX) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Mexico (from February 29th to June 15th, 2020) on official institutional websites. Researchers reviewed each document and classified them into seven policy categories set by the Rapid Research Evaluation and Appraisal Lab (RREAL): public health response, health-care delivery, human resources, health-system infrastructure and supplies, clinical response, health-care management, and epidemiological surveillance. Results Policy types varied by health institution. The largest number of policies were aimed at public health responses followed by health-care delivery and human resources. Policies were mainly published during the community transmission phase. Conclusions The pandemic exposed underlying health-care system inequalities and a reactive rather than prepared response to the outbreak. Additionally, this study outlines potential policy gaps and delays in the response that could be avoided in the future

Targeting inflammasome by the inhibition of caspase-1 activity using capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles

[EN] Acute inflammation is a protective response of the body to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or damaged cells. However, dysregulated inflammation can cause secondary damage and could thus contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases. Inflammasomes, the macromolecular complexes responsible for caspase-1 activation, have emerged as key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, modulation of inflammasome activity has become an important therapeutic approach. Here we describe the design of a smart nanodevice that takes advantage of the passive targeting of nanoparticles to macrophages and enhances the therapeutic effect of caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 in vivo. The functional hybrid systems consisted of MCM-41-based nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory drug VX-765 (S2-P) and capped with poly-L-lysine, which acts as a molecular gate. S2-P activity has been evaluated in cellular and in vivo models of inflammation. The results indicated the potential advantage of using nanodevices to treat inflammatory diseases. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Spanish government (Projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and SAF2014-52614-R (MINECO/FEDER)) and the Generalitat Valencia (Projects PROMETEOII/2014/061 and PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. A.G-F. is grateful to the Spanish government for an FPU grant.García-Fernández, A.; García-Laínez, G.; Ferrandiz Manglano, ML.; Aznar, E.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Alcaraz, MJ.; Murguía, JR.... (2017). Targeting inflammasome by the inhibition of caspase-1 activity using capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Journal of Controlled Release. 248:60-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.002S607024

Targeting Innate Immunity with dsRNA-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Promotes Antitumor Effects on Breast Cancer Cells

The authors describe herein a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) targeting delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles capped with the synthetic double stranded RNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) for controlled cargo delivery in SK-BR-3 breast carcinoma cells. The authors' results show that poly(I:C)-conjugated nanoparticles efficiently targeted breast cancer cells due to dsRNA-TLR3 interaction. Such interaction also triggered apoptotic pathways in SK-BR-3, significantly decreasing cells viability. Poly(I:C) cytotoxic effect in breast carcinoma cells was enhanced by loading nanoparticles' mesopores with the anthracyclinic antibiotic doxorubicin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent.We thank the Spanish Government (projects SAF2010-21195 and MAT2012-38429-C04-01) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. A.U. and C.G. are grateful to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport for their doctoral fellowships. We thank J. M. Cosgaya and M. J. Latasa for helpful discussions.Ultimo, A.; Giménez Morales, C.; Bartovsky, P.; Aznar, E.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Amoros Del Toro, PJ.... (2016). Targeting Innate Immunity with dsRNA-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Promotes Antitumor Effects on Breast Cancer Cells. Chemistry - A European Journal. 22(5):1582-1586. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201504629S15821586225Torre, L. A., Bray, F., Siegel, R. L., Ferlay, J., Lortet-Tieulent, J., & Jemal, A. (2015). Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 65(2), 87-108. doi:10.3322/caac.21262McGuire, A., Brown, J., Malone, C., McLaughlin, R., & Kerin, M. (2015). Effects of Age on the Detection and Management of Breast Cancer. Cancers, 7(2), 908-929. doi:10.3390/cancers7020815Stier, S., Maletzki, C., Klier, U., & Linnebacher, M. (2013). Combinations of TLR Ligands: A Promising Approach in Cancer Immunotherapy. 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Extensión universitaria y educación sexual: formación de agentes de cambio social / Extracurricular activities and sexual education: Formation of agents for social changes

El sistema de salud cubano ocupa un lugar privilegiado en el mundo, por lo que constantemente nos encontramos enfrascados en la búsqueda de soluciones para lograr la excelencia en los servicios integrales de salud, como parte de estos objetivos no podemos obviar el trabajo sistemático en la promoción y prevención de salud, como parte de la Extensión Universitaria. Nuestro trabajo se encuentra encaminado a crear agentes de cambio social para que los adolescentes de la comunidad del Consejo Popular 10 de Octubre, que apadrinamos, asuman una actitud cada vez más conciente ante aspectos relacionados con la sexualidad humana. Para ello hemos aplicado métodos teóricos y empíricos, y hemos desarrollado un conjunto de tareas que nos han permitido experimentar algunos resultados, aunque no podamos considerarlos significativos. Palabras clave: SEXUALIDAD HUMANA/ adolescentes; PROMOCICIÓN EN SALUD/ prevención; EDUCACIÓN POR LA SALUD. ABSTRACT Cuban Health System occupies a privileged place allover the World; that is way solving new health problems to achieve the excellence in comprehensive health services is one of the objectives. Health promotion and health prevention are parts of the extracurricular activities at "Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" Medical School. The department of extracurricular activities conducts a program in the community with the adolescent belonging to "10 de Octubre" Popular Council in Pinar del Río municipality aimed at changing attitudes towards human sexuality. To carry out the program, theoretical and empiric methods are applied developing at the same time other activities to achieve the goals. Some results, which are considered not significative, are obtained with this program. Key words: HUMAN SEXUALITY/ adolescents; HEALTH PROMOTION/ prevention; EDUCATION FOR HEALTH

Extensión universitaria y educación sexual: formación de agentes de cambio social / Extracurricular activities and sexual education: Formation of agents for social changes

El sistema de salud cubano ocupa un lugar privilegiado en el mundo, por lo que constantemente nos encontramos enfrascados en la búsqueda de soluciones para lograr la excelencia en los servicios integrales de salud, como parte de estos objetivos no podemos obviar el trabajo sistemático en la promoción y prevención de salud, como parte de la Extensión Universitaria. Nuestro trabajo se encuentra encaminado a crear agentes de cambio social para que los adolescentes de la comunidad del Consejo Popular 10 de Octubre, que apadrinamos, asuman una actitud cada vez más conciente ante aspectos relacionados con la sexualidad humana. Para ello hemos aplicado métodos teóricos y empíricos, y hemos desarrollado un conjunto de tareas que nos han permitido experimentar algunos resultados, aunque no podamos considerarlos significativos. Palabras clave: SEXUALIDAD HUMANA/ adolescentes; PROMOCICIÓN EN SALUD/ prevención; EDUCACIÓN POR LA SALUD. ABSTRACT Cuban Health System occupies a privileged place allover the World; that is way solving new health problems to achieve the excellence in comprehensive health services is one of the objectives. Health promotion and health prevention are parts of the extracurricular activities at "Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" Medical School. The department of extracurricular activities conducts a program in the community with the adolescent belonging to "10 de Octubre" Popular Council in Pinar del Río municipality aimed at changing attitudes towards human sexuality. To carry out the program, theoretical and empiric methods are applied developing at the same time other activities to achieve the goals. Some results, which are considered not significative, are obtained with this program. Key words: HUMAN SEXUALITY/ adolescents; HEALTH PROMOTION/ prevention; EDUCATION FOR HEALTH