Effect of copper ions on the associations of <i>Azospirillum</i> bacteria with wheat seedlings (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)

The physiological and biochemical activity of plant–microbial associations enables them to determine the mobility, bioavailability, and accumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues. These abilities are the basis for the use of plants and their associated microorganisms in the development of approaches that ensure both the prevention of the ingress of toxic metals into food crops and the extraction of pollutants from polluted soils by using phytoremediation technologies. Whether plant–microbial complexes are used successfully depends on the knowledge of how specific organisms interact with heavy metals. We evaluated the effect of copper ions on common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inoculated with three plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the genus Azospirillum. We analyzed the growth variables of 14-day-old wheat seedlings, the content of photosynthesis pigments, the activity of plant oxidoreductases, and the accumulation of copper by plant tissues. All strains more or less compensated for copper toxicity to seedling development and increased metal accumulation in roots and shoots. Copper affected the photosynthetic apparatus of the inoculated plants, primarily by decreasing the content of chlorophyll b. An analysis of the activity of plant oxidoreductases (peroxidases and phenoloxidases), which are involved in the physiological responses of plants to pollutant stress, showed strain-specific dependence and a significant effect of copper on the inoculated plants. Overall, the obtained results clearly show that the effect of Azospirillum on the physiological and biochemical status of wheat is diverse. The compensatory effect of bacteria on copper toxicity and the simultaneous increase in metal accumulation in plant tissues can be considered as mutually exclusive crop-production aspects associated with the growing of food plants in heavy-metal-polluted areas

Efficacy of teaching medical students by problem-based learning method

To determine and analyze the evaluate efficacy of teaching senior students of medical faculties at Universities in terms of avoiding medical errors in pediatrics. Students studied according to problem based learning method while learning the subject “Pediatrics” within the framework of ERASMUS+ ТАМЕ project. Therefore, students were distributed into three groups: students, who learnt pediatrics by branch case method, students, who studied by problem-based learning method and linear cases method in particular and students, who studied by the traditional classical scheme of teaching pediatrics. The compiled questionnaire consisted of questions including: questions the subject of cases, tangent questions, they were not included into cases and control questions. The analysis of questionnaire of students showed that the best result (in percent of right answers) was seen in I group; its representatives studied by branch cases (42,0% Ukrainian and 43,2% Kazakhstan). The lowest percentage of right answers (37,6%) was determined in the control ІІІ group (41,9% in Kazakhstan), and the results of the group with linear cases was 40,6% of right answers (36,5% in Kazakhstan). Thus, problem-based learning considerably stimulates motivation of students to learning and promotes better efficacy of the whole educational process. Students who study according to problem-based learning method as compared to those who study according to the traditional methods demonstrate better results by the number of right answers given to tests

Medical care in Germany

This article describes the main aspects of life in Germany such as the average wage, the amount of tax deductions, pensions, characteristics of housing prices, as well as the features of the implementation of medical activities for foreign citizens and the characteristics of the medical sphere.В данной статье рассмотрены основные аспекты жизни в Германии такие, как средняя заработная плата, величина налоговых отчислений, пенсии, характеристика цен на жилье, а также особенности осуществления врачебной деятельности для иностранных граждан и характеристику медицинской сферы

ДОГОСПІТАЛЬНА МЕДИЧНА ДОПОМОГА ПРИ ГОСТРИХ ПОРУШЕННЯХ МОЗКОВОГО КРОВООБІГУ. ПЕРШІ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ РЕФОРМИ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ОДЕСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of the provision of prehospital care for stroke in the context of reforming the national health system using the example of the Odesa region. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the activities of emergency medical care was carried out in 2016–2018 (before the implementation of the reform) and in 2018–2019. Results. The analysis showed that on average, (1160±29) patients were hospitalized in the region every year through the EMC system, which is 47.7 cases per 100.000 population. The mean age of patients hospitalized for EMC was (62.6±3.8)&nbsp;years, with a gender ratio of 1/1.2 with a slight male predominance. The largest number of stroke cases was recorded in summer (61.4 %). About 25–30 % of emergency medical care calls are not completed by the hospitalization of a stroke patient. The reasons for refusal are related to the wish of the patient or his relatives to be treated on an outpatient basis (13.5 %), the presence of physicians or medical professionals among the relatives (11.7 %), lack of funds (18.9&nbsp;%), family circumstances (6.3 %), the general serious condition of the patient (4.5 %). After the introduction of the new concept of emergency care, the number of hospital refusals in the presence of stroke decreased by 2.5 times, the number of patients admitted to the hospital within the therapeutic window increased by 36.3 %. The experience of creating regional clinical and transport protocols for maximum time reduction and optimal treatment at all stages of care is discussed. Сonclusion. The implementation of the reform improved the quality of pre-hospital care for stroke, the number of refusals from hospitalization in the presence of stroke decreased by 2.5 times, the number of patients admitted to the hospital within the therapeutic window increased by 36.3 %. The problem of unreasonable refusals of patients with stroke and their relatives from urgent hospitalization remains crucial. The introduction of standardized operating procedures for the provision of prehospital care aimed at reducing the time for patients transportation to the hospital is discussed.Мета: оцінити ефективність надання догоспітальної допомоги при інсульті в контексті реформування національної системи охорони здоров’я на прикладі Одеської області. Матеріали і методи. Здійснено ретроспективний аналіз діяльності екстреної медичної допомоги (ЕМД) у 2016–2018 рр. (до впровадження реформи) та в 2018–2019 рр. Результати. Проведений аналіз показав, що в середньому щороку в області через систему екстреної медичної допомоги госпіталізували з інсультом (1160±29) пацієнтів, що становить 47,7 випадку на 100 000 населення. Середній вік госпіталізованих пацієнтів становив (62,6±3,8) року, при гендерному співвідношенні 1/1,2 із незначним переважанням чоловіків. Найбільшу кількість випадків гострих порушень мозкового кровообігу (ГПМК) зафіксовано влітку (61,4 %). Близько 25–30 % викликів екстреної медичної допомоги не завершуються госпіталізацією хворого з інсультом. Причини відмови пов᾽язані з бажанням хворого або його родичів лікуватися амбулаторно (13,5 %), наявністю серед родичів лікарів або середніх медичних працівників (11,7 %), браком коштів (18,9 %), сімейними обставинами (6,3 %), загальним тяжким станом хворого (4,5 %). Після введення у дію нової концепції екстреної медичної допомоги кількість відмов від госпіталізації за наявності інсульту зменшилася у 2,5 раза, кількість пацієнтів, яких доставили до лікарні в рамках терапевтичного вікна, зросла на 36,3 %. Обговорюють досвід створення регіональних клінічних та транспортних протоколів для максимального скорочення часу і забезпечення оптимального лікування на всіх етапах медичної допомоги. Висновки. Впровадження реформи покращило якість догоспітальної допомоги при інсульті, так кількість відмов від госпіталізації за наявності інсульту зменшилася в 2,5 раза, кількість пацієнтів, яких доставили до лікарні в рамках терапевтичного вікна, зросла на 36,3 %. Залишається актуальною проблема необґрунтованих відмов пацієнтів із ГПМК та їхніх родичів від термінової госпіталізації. Обговорюють впровадження стандартизованих операційних процедур надання догоспітальної допомоги, спрямованих на зменшення часу транспортування пацієнтів до стаціонару

Substantiation of thermomechanical technology parameters of absorbing levels isolation of the boreholes

The aim of the work is to improve the thermomechanical absorption insulation technology horizons of drilling wells by the established regularities of change and the substantiation of its regime parameters from the composition and physical-mechanical properties strengthen thermoplastic composite material and, on this basis, development a technological regulation containing recommendations on the manufacture of composites and organizations laying work, designing and isolation of the absorption zones of the washing liquid in the drilling rigs wells. The tasks set were solved by complex method research that contains analysis and synthesis of literary and patent sources, conducting analytical, experimental and industrial research. Experimental processing data was carried out using methods of mathematical statistics. Experimental research is carried out using the provisions of the theory of scientific experiment and theory random processes. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the results was carried out in production conditions

South American species <i>Solanum alandiae</i> Card. and <i>S. okadae</i> Hawkes et Hjerting as potential sources of genes for potato late blight resistance

For several decades, wild species of Solanum L. section Petota Dumort. have been involved in potato cultivar breeding for robust resistance to pests and diseases. Potato late blight (LB) is caused by oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, and the genes for race-specific resistance to P. infestans (Rpi genes) have been introgressed into cultivated potatoes by remote crosses and trans- or cisgenesis, first from S. demissum Buk. and, more recently, from other wild species, such as S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché, and S. venturii Hawkes et Hjerting (according to the nomenclature by Hawkes, 1990). Most wild species already involved in breeding for LB resistance came from North and Central Americas: series Bulbocastana (Rydb.) Hawkes, Demissa Buk. and Longipedicellata Buk., and some Rpi genes of these species have been already characterized in much detail. Rpi genes of South American species, including the series Tuberosa (Rydb.) Hawkes, have not been sufficiently investigated. Among the latter, this study focuses on the Rpi genes of S. alandiae Card. and S. okadae Hawkes et Hjerting. Four accessions of S. alandiae, one accession of S. okadae and 11 clones of interspecific potato hybrids comprising S. alandiae germplasm from the VIR collection were PCR-screened using specific SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) markers for eight Rpi genes. SCAR amplicons of five Rpi genes registered in this study were validated by comparing their sequences with those of prototype genes deposited in the NCBI Genbank. Among the structural homologues of Rpi genes found in S. alandiae and S. okadae, of special interest are homologues of CC-NB-LRR resistance genes with broad specificity towards P. infestans races, in particular R2=Rpi-blb3, R8, R9a, Rpi-vnt1 and Rpi-blb2 (94–99, 94–99, 86–89, 92–98 and 91% identity with the prototype genes, respectively). Our data may help to better understand the process of Rpi gene divergence along with the evolution of tuberbearing Solanum species, particularly in the series Tuberosa

НАВЧАННЯ В ІНТЕРНАТУРІ ЗА ФАХОМ “НЕВРОЛОГІЯ”: СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЇХ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ

The aim of the work – to assess the prospects for the use of modern information technologies in internship in the field of Neurology. The main body. An analysis of the application of information technologies in the teaching of professional disciplines to interns, specializing in Neurology is conducted. The main forms are programmed control tools, electronic textbooks, teleconferencing, multimedia simulation technologies, electronic educational materials distribution, electronic medical records templates for patients’ management and the use of electronic repositories. BODY INTERACT ™ technology provides the opportunity to integrate into the process of learning the latest advances in medicine and information technology, developing learning concepts and sharing experiences through real clinical situations, creating a foundation for the culture of open communication and collaboration. Academic success of interns during the monitoring period on interim controls corresponded to the median 4 (3; 4), in the final – 4 (3; 5). The results of the survey showed an increase in the interest of interns in the use of information technology in the teaching of professional disciplines. At the Department of Neurology of the Odesa National Medical University, at all stages of the interns’ training, the means of programmed control are actively used. The expediency of regular review of educational programs for the training of interns in the specialty of Neurology is shown considering the possibilities of modern information technologies. Conclusion. Taking into account the priorities of interns training in the field of Neurology with the wide introduction of modern information technologies, it allows to improve theoretical knowledge and practical skills, to optimize the interaction in the format of multidisciplinary team with specialists of other specialties.Мета роботи – оцінка перспектив застосування сучасних інформаційних технологій при навчанні в інтернатурі за фахом “Неврологія”. Основна частина. Проведений аналіз застосування інформаційних технологій у викладанні фахових дисциплін лікарям-інтернам, що займаються за спеціальністю “Неврологія”. Основними формами є засоби програмованого контролю, електронні підручники, телеконференції, застосування мультимедійних симуляційних технологій, розсилки навчальних матеріалів в електронному вигляді, електронні шаблони медичної документації для курації пацієнтів та використання електронних репозиторіїв. Технологія BODY INTERACT ™ надає можливість інтеграції у процес вивчення новітніх досягнень медицини та інформаційних технологій, розробки навчальних концепцій та обміну досвідом через реальні клінічні ситуації, створюючу основу для культури відкритих комунікацій і співробітництва. Академічна успішність інтернів упродовж періоду спостереження на проміжних контролях відповідала медіані 4 (3;4), на кінцевих – 4 (3;5). Результати опитування показали зростання зацікавленості інтернів у застосуванні інформаційних технологій при викладанні фахових дисциплін. На кафедрі неврології Одеського національного медичного університету на всіх етапах підготовки інтернів активно застосовуються засоби програмованого контролю. Показана доцільність регулярного перегляду навчальних програм для навчання лікарів-інтернів з фаху “Неврологія” з урахуванням&nbsp; можливостей сучасних інформаційних технологій. Висновок. Врахування пріоритетів підготовки лікарів-інтернів за фахом “Неврологія” із широким впровадженням сучасних інформаційних технологій дозволяє вдосконалити теоретичні знання та практичні навички, оптимізувати взаємодію у форматі мультидисциплінарної команди з фахівцями інших спеціальностей

RESEARCH OF DRYING SOLID WASTE

The mathematical model heat and mass transfer in a layer of solid waste, which allows you to explore the process of drying. The model allows the calculation of temperature fields in the layer of solid waste in the process of drying, taking into account the distributed internal heat sink. The proposed model can be applied in the calculations for the design of the thermal reactor for processing multicomponent organic waste.Предложена математическая модель тепломассопереноса в слое ТБО, которая позволяет исследовать процесс его сушки. Модель позволяет рассчитать температурные поля в слое ТБО в процессе его сушки с учетом распределенного внутреннего стока теплоты. Предложенная модель может быть применена в расчетах при проектировании термических реакторов для переработки многокомпонентных органических отходов

Post-stroke depression: predictors and prophylaxis

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention of post-stroke depression in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident It was shown that the incidence of PID in patients with ischemic stroke exceeds 30%. In assessing the role of various risk factors among the examined patients with PID, the prevalence of male patients (OR = 1.3 (1.1-1.5)), under the age of 55 (1.7 (1.3-1.9 )), with indications in the history of episodes of depression in the past (1.6 (1.4-1.8)), as well as alcohol abuse (1.2 (1.0-1.3)). In 31 (58.5%) there was a localization of focal ischemia in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere. The use of both SIRS and an antidepressant with multimodal effect - vortioxetine was sufficiently effective in PID, but vortioxetin showing the best results - from 8,80,1 points to 6,20,1 points. The paper considers the expediency of the use of vorothoxetine in order to prevent PID in patients with ischemic stroke

Comparison of REMS, NEWS, qSOFA and SIRS criteria scales for sepsis prediction in patients with diagnosis “SARS-CoV-2, virus unidentified”: a retrospective observational study

Background. Despite ample research on the coronavirus infection sequence and therapy, the incidence of adverse outcomes remains very high. Sepsis stands among the major factors greatly complicating treatment and increasing the risk of death. A timely identification of highrisk sepsis patients is a cornerstone of effective sepsis prevention.Objectives. A comparative prognostic power assessment between the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scale, National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Initial Prehospital Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria for sepsis detection in anaesthetic intensive care patients with a diagnosis: SARS-CoV-2, virus unidentified.Methods. A retrospective observational study included 166 patients over 18-year age with unconfirmed infection (ICD-10 code U07.2). The qSOFA, NEWS, REMS and SIRS point estimates were obtained from each patient. The patients were retrospectively divided in two cohorts by sepsis presence (Sepsis-3 criteria) to determine the express scales power in evaluating the risk of sepsis (estimated as area under ROC curve, AUROC).Results. Data on 102 patients were included in the final analysis. Fifty-eight (57%) patients were terminal, and 55 (54%) developed sepsis. The estimates are as follows: NEWS — AUROC 0.848 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.764–0.912], sensitivity 76.36% [95% CI 63.0–86.8], specificity 82.98% [95% CI 69.2–92.4], optimal cut-off threshold &gt;5 points; qSOFA — AUROC 0.700 [95% CI 0.602–0.787], sensitivity 76.36% [95% CI 63.0–86.8], specificity 61.70% [95% CI 46.4–75.5], optimal cut-off threshold &gt;0 points; REMS — AUROC 0.739 [95% CI 0.643–0.821], sensitivity 69.09% [95% CI 55.2–80.9], specificity 65.96% [95% CI 50.7–79.1], optimal cut-off threshold &gt;5 points; SIRS criteria — AUROC 0.723 [95% CI 0.626–0.807], sensitivity 98.18% [95% CI 90.3–100.0], specificity 31.91% [95% CI 19.1–47.1], optimal cut-off threshold &gt;0 points.Conclusion. The NEWS scale revealed a good prognostic power to estimate the risk of sepsis in patients with suspected COVID-19 disease. The qSOFA, REMS scales and SIRS criteria possess a good calibration capacity, albeit insufficient resolution, which limits their prognostic value