DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF R&D -INNOVATION EXPENDITURES IN TURKEY AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY

Bu çalışmanın amacı, özellikle son yıllarda gittikçe önem kazanan İnovasyon kavramını açıklamak; bilim, teknoloji ve inovasyon faaliyetleriyle önemli başarılar elde etmiş Doğu Asya ülkelerini ve başarılarını değerlendirmek ve de bu faaliyetlerin Türkiye’deki gelişim sürecini incelemektir. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı da Türkiye’de Ar-Ge & inovasyon yatırımlarının doğal sonucu olan patent başvuru rakamlarını ve patentlemedeki mevcut durumu ele almaktır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de Ar-Ge ve inovasyon harcamalarının yeterli düzeyde olmadığını, bunun yansıması olan patent başvuru ve kabul sayılarının çok düşük seviyelerde olduğu sonucunu göstermektedir. The aim of this study is to explain the concept of innovation that gain importance, and evaluate the success of East Asian countries those had important achievements on innovative,scientific and technological activities , and assess the development process of these activities in Turkey. The next aim of the study is to discuss the present situation of applications for patent and patentings that is the outgrowth of R&D and İnnovation investments. As a outcome of the study , we observe that the R&D and innovation expenditures is not sufficent in Turkey , and due to this reason the number of applications for patent and patentings very low in Turkey.&nbsp

Modified gold surfaces by 6-(ferrocenyl)hexanethiol/dendrimer/gold nanoparticles as a platform for the mediated biosensing applications

WOS: 000315761700010PubMed ID: 25427467An electrochemical biosensor mediated by using 6-(Ferrocenyl) hexanethiol (FcSH) was fabricated by construction of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) modified gold electrode. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was used as a model enzyme and was immobilized onto the gold surface forming a self assembled monolayer via FcSH and cysteamine. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used for the characterization of electrochemical response towards glucose substrate. Following the optimization of medium pH, enzyme loading, AuNP and FcSH amount, the linear range for the glucose was studied and found as 1.0 to 5.0 mM with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.6 mM according to S/N = 3. Finally, the proposed Au/AuNP/(FcSH + Cyst)/PAMAM/GOx biosensor was successfully applied for the glucose analysis in beverages, and the results were compared with those obtained by HPLC. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ege University Research FundEge University [2011 FEN 039]The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Ege University Research Fund (project number: 2011 FEN 039)

Efficacy of Fentanyl and/or Lidocaine on Total Antioxidants and Total Oxidants During Craniotomy

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative, hemodynamic, and analgesic effects of local lidocaine infiltration, or intravenous (IV) fentanyl injection, or a combination of lidocaine and IV fentanyl during head fixation in a 3-pin headrest in patients undergoing elective craniotomy

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY ORIGINAL ARTICLE Peripheral vascular applications of the

To present our experience using the Amplatzer ® vascular plug in various arterial and venous systems, and follow-up results. MATERIALS AND METHOD