Blockchain: A Graph Primer

Bitcoin and its underlying technology Blockchain have become popular in recent years. Designed to facilitate a secure distributed platform without central authorities, Blockchain is heralded as a paradigm that will be as powerful as Big Data, Cloud Computing and Machine learning. Blockchain incorporates novel ideas from various fields such as public key encryption and distributed systems. As such, a reader often comes across resources that explain the Blockchain technology from a certain perspective only, leaving the reader with more questions than before. We will offer a holistic view on Blockchain. Starting with a brief history, we will give the building blocks of Blockchain, and explain their interactions. As graph mining has become a major part its analysis, we will elaborate on graph theoretical aspects of the Blockchain technology. We also devote a section to the future of Blockchain and explain how extensions like Smart Contracts and De-centralized Autonomous Organizations will function. Without assuming any reader expertise, our aim is to provide a concise but complete description of the Blockchain technology.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

The Kalai-Smorodinsky Bargaining Solution Manipulated by Pre-Donations is Concessionary

This study examines the manipulability of simple n-person bargaining problems by pre-donations where the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution is operant. We extend previous results on the manipulation of two-person bargaining problems to the n-person case and show that in a world where a prebargaining stage is instituted in which the bargainers may unilaterally alter the bargaining problem, bargainers with greater ideal payoffs transform the bargaining set into one on which the Kalai- Smorodinsky solution distributes payoffs in accordance with the Concessionary division rule of disputed property.Bargaining Solutions, Pre-donation, Kalai-Smorodinsky

Treatment needs and skill mix workforce requirements for prosthodontic care: a comparison of estimates using normative and sociodental approaches.

The traditional measure for assessing dental treatment needs and workforce requirements based solely on normative need (NN) has major shortcomings. The sociodental approach (SDA) to assess needs overcomes some of the shortcomings as it combines normative and subjective needs assessments and also incorporates behavioural propensity (Sheiham and Tsakos 2007). The objective of this study was to estimate and compare prosthodontic treatment needs and workforce requirements, using the normative and the sociodental approaches for different skill mix models

Treatment needs and skill mix workforce requirements for prosthodontic care: a comparison of estimates using normative and sociodental approaches.

The traditional measure for assessing dental treatment needs and workforce requirements based solely on normative need (NN) has major shortcomings. The sociodental approach (SDA) to assess needs overcomes some of the shortcomings as it combines normative and subjective needs assessments and also incorporates behavioural propensity (Sheiham and Tsakos 2007). The objective of this study was to estimate and compare prosthodontic treatment needs and workforce requirements, using the normative and the sociodental approaches for different skill mix models

A real-time power monitoring and energy-efficient network/interface selection tool for android smartphones

Energy efficiency in wireless and cellular networks has become one of the most important concerns for both academia and industry due to battery dependence of mobile devices. In this regard, Wireless Network Interface Cards (WNICs) of mobile devices have to be taken into account carefully as they consume an important chunk of the system's total energy. In this paper, we propose a real-time network power consumption profiler and an energy-aware network/interface selection tool for Android-based smartphones. The tool has been freely released on the Android Play Store. The proposed solution reports the power consumption levels of different network interfaces (Wi-Fi and Cellular) by making use of actual packet measurements and precise computations, and enables the devices to handover horizontally/vertically in order to improve the energy efficiency. In this context, widespread analyses have been executed to show the accuracy of the proposed tool. The results demonstrate that the proposed tool is very accurate for any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless or cellular stations, regardless of having different amount of channel utilization, transmission rates, signal strengths or traffic types

İlkel Kusurlu Dairesel Plakların Geometrik Doğrusal Olmayan Analizi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2008Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2008Bu çalışmada doğrusal değişen dönel simetrik yük etkisindeki ilkel kusurlu dairesel plakların geometrik doğrusal olmayan analizi sayısal yöntemlerle incelenmiştir. Sabit kalınlıklı dairesel plağın modellemesinde sığ küresel kabuk denklemleri kullanılmıştır. Doğrusal olmayan formdaki sıradan diferansiyel denklemler sonlu farklar yöntemiyle cebirsel denklemlere dönüştürülmüş, doğrusal olmayan yapıdaki cebirsel denklemler de Newton- Raphson yöntemiyle çözülmüştür. Plak kenarı boyunca ankastre (A) ve sabit (S) mesnetlenme durumları incelenmiştir. Yer değiştirme ve kesit tesirlerinin plak üzerindeki dağılımında, ilkel kusur parametresinin ve Poisson oranının etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, Kirchhoff-Love plak teorisinin (KLPT) baz alındığı kusursuz dairesel plakların incelendiği çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmış ve uyumlu sonuçlar elde edildiği görülmüştür.Geometrically nonlinear analysis of initially imperfect circular plates subjected to a linearly varying axisymmetrical load was investigated in this study by numerical methods. Shallow spherical shell equations were used in the modelling of the circular plate of uniform thickness. By the finite difference method, nonlinear ordinary differential equations were transformed to nonlinear algebraical equations which were solved by the Newton-Raphson method. Two cases were considered: clamped (A), and simply supported (S) along the plate perimeter. The influence of the parameter of initial imperfection and the Poisson’s ratio on displacements and stress resultants was examined. The results obtained in this study were compared with those based on the Kirchhoff-Love plate theory (KLPT), and good agreement was obtained

Orbits of Exceptional Groups, Duality and BPS States in String Theory

We give an invariant classification of orbits of the fundamental representations of exceptional groups $E_{7(7)}$ and $E_{6(6)}$ which classify BPS states in string and M theories toroidally compactified to d=4 and d=5. The exceptional Jordan algebra and the exceptional Freudenthal triple system and their cubic and quartic invariants play a major role in this classification. The cubic and quartic invariants correspond to the black hole entropy in d=5 and d=4, respectively. The classification of BPS states preserving different numbers of supersymmetries is in close parallel to the classification of the little groups and the orbits of timelike, lightlike and space-like vectors in Minkowski space. The orbits of BPS black holes in N=2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories in d=4 and d=5 with symmetric space geometries are also classified including the exceptional N=2 theory that has $E_{7(-25)}$ and $E_{6(-26)}$ as its symmety in the respective dimensions.Comment: New references and two tables added, a new section on the orbits of N=2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories in d=4 and d=5 included and some minor changes were made in other sections. 17 pages. Latex fil