LakeAnalyzer: Lake internal dynamics analysis software – fact sheet

LakeAnalyzer is a computer program used to calculate indices of mixing and stratification, which are critical to understanding biogeochemical cycles of lakes and reservoirs. Lake physical stability indices, surface mixing depth and thermocline depth are calculated according to established literature definitions and returned to the user in a time-series format. LakeAnalyzer was developed to analyse high-frequency data collected from instrumented lake buoys (Figure 1). It provides a way to compare mixing and stratification indices in lakes across gradients of climate, hydrophysiography, and time, and provides a basis for understanding of the resulting biogeochemical transformations at different spatial and temporal scales

The Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON): the evolution of grassroots network science

Nine years later, with over 380 members from 40 countries, and 50 publications to its credit, GLEON is growing at a rapid pace and pushing the boundaries of the practice of network science. GLEON is really three networks: a network of lakes, data, and peopl

A Global lake ecological observatory network (GLEON) for synthesising high-frequency sensor data for validation of deterministic ecological models

A Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON; www.gleon.org) has formed to provide a coordinated response to the need for scientific understanding of lake processes, utilising technological advances available from autonomous sensors. The organisation embraces a grassroots approach to engage researchers from varying disciplines, sites spanning geographic and ecological gradients, and novel sensor and cyberinfrastructure to synthesise high-frequency lake data at scales ranging from local to global. The high-frequency data provide a platform to rigorously validate processbased ecological models because model simulation time steps are better aligned with sensor measurements than with lower-frequency, manual samples. Two case studies from Trout Bog, Wisconsin, USA, and Lake Rotoehu, North Island, New Zealand, are presented to demonstrate that in the past, ecological model outputs (e.g., temperature, chlorophyll) have been relatively poorly validated based on a limited number of directly comparable measurements, both in time and space. The case studies demonstrate some of the difficulties of mapping sensor measurements directly to model state variable outputs as well as the opportunities to use deviations between sensor measurements and model simulations to better inform process understanding. Well-validated ecological models provide a mechanism to extrapolate high-frequency sensor data in space and time, thereby potentially creating a fully 3-dimensional simulation of key variables of interest

Multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the double-flap technique as antireflux esophagogastrostomy after proximal gastrectomy (rD-FLAP Study)

AIM: As a result of the difficulty in effective prevention of gastroesophageal reflux, no standard reconstruction procedure after proximal gastrectomy (PG) has yet been established. The double-flap technique (DFT), or Kamikawa procedure, is an antireflux reconstruction procedure in esophagogastrostomy. The efficacy of DFT has recently been reported in several studies. However, these were all single-center studies with a limited number of cases. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study in which patients who underwent DFT, irrespective of disease type and reconstruction approach, at each participating institution between 1996 and 2015 were registered. Primary endpoint was incidence of reflux esophagitis at 1-year after surgery, and secondary endpoint was incidence of anastomosis-related complications. RESULTS: Of 546 patients who were eligible for this study, 464 patients who had endoscopic examination at 1-year follow up were evaluated for reflux esophagitis. Incidence of reflux esophagitis of all grades was 10.6% and that of grade B or higher was 6.0%. Male gender and anastomosis located in the mediastinum/intra-thorax were independent risk factors for grade B or higher reflux esophagitis (odds ratio [OR]: 4.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-10.9, P = 0.0109). Total incidence of anastomosis-related complications was 7.2%, including leakage in 1.5%, strictures in 5.5% and bleeding in 0.6% of cases. Laparoscopic reconstruction was the only independent risk factor for anastomosis-related complications (OR: 3.93, 95% CI: 1.93-7.80, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION: Double-flap technique might be a feasible option after PG for effective prevention of reflux, although anastomotic stricture is a complication that must be well-prepared for

津門川の感覚的環境評価 : アンケート解析および回答者に関する考察

The evaluation of river environment on the Tsuto River flowing through Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Pref., was performed by using the questionnaire based on human sensitivity. The survey was operated around the middle reaches of the river on July, 2004 and focused on the recognition and evaluation of the river by local residents. Valid responses were obtained from 613 residents. Three fourths of the respondents were women and two thirds were middle and older aged persons. About 70% of the respondents have lived in the neighboring area within a 30 min. distance from Nishinomiya-kitaguchi Sta. Of Hankyu Railway and 60% have lived over a long period of 5 years. Major subject groups were housewives and female students. As for the recognition of the river, basic and current information, such as location of riverhead, upstream migration of Ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) and construction of fish-way, was less well known, however, local residents activities for environmental protection of the river were well known and highly valued. As for the evaluation of the river, average proportion of positive evaluation in 15 questions belonging to 4 categories, prodigality of nature, unity with community, beauty of landscape and disaster measures, was only 18.1%. Lower evaluations were particularly featured in the questions related to the categories of prodigality of nature and beauty of landscape. The cross-tabulation for the recognizability showed that the recognition of the river became lower in the responses from women, young people and persons in the distant area and short-period residence. Especially concerning to the distance of residence from the station and the number of residential years, the differences of recognition between the residents appeared clearly. The cross-tabulation for the evaluation indicated strong complaint against the landscape and administrative response from neighboring older persons in long-period residence. On the other hand, female students showed less interest in the environment of the Tsuto River even when they lived in the neighboring area and long-period residence