(5-Ethenyl-1-aza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)(6-meth­oxy-3-quinol­yl)methanol methanol solvate

In the title methanol solvate, C20H24N2O2·CH4O, an L-shaped conformation is found as the two substituents at the central hydr­oxy group are almost orthogonal to each other [the C—C—C angle at the central sp 3-C atom is 110.12 (13)°]. The most notable feature of the crystal packing is the formation of supra­molecular chains along the b direction mediated by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds occurring between the hydr­oxy and quinoline N atoms; the methanol mol­ecules are linked to these chains via O—H⋯Namine hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯O inter­actions also occur

1-[3,5-Bis(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]-3-[(5-ethenyl-1-aza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)(6-methoxy­quinolin-4-yl)meth­yl]thio­urea–l-proline–methanol (1/1/1)1

In the methanol solvate of the title 1:1 cocrystal, C29H28F6N4OS·C5H9NO2·CH4O, the l-proline mol­ecule exists as a zwitterion. In the crystal, the disubstituted thio­urea, l-proline and methanol mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional array in the ab plane

1-Cyclo­hexyl-3-{(E)-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl­idene]amino}­thio­urea

In the title thio­urea derivative, C14H20N4S, the non-ring non-H atoms are approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0720 Å. The pyridine ring is twisted out of this plane and makes a dihedral angle of 16.85 (13)° with it. The mean plane passing through the cyclo­hexyl ring is almost normal to the central plane [dihedral angle = 69.23 (8)°]. An intra­molecular N—H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond occurs. Centrosymmetric dimers are formed in the crystal structure via pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, and these are connected into a supra­molecular chain along the a axis via C—H⋯π(pyrid­yl) inter­actions

Turbulence collapses at a threshold particle loading in a dilute particle-gas suspension

Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of the flow of a particle-gas suspension in a channel have been carried out to examine the turbulence attenuation due to particles. As the volume fraction is increased in the range $0\text{--}3.5\times 10^{-3}$ , there is a discontinuous decrease in the turbulent velocity fluctuations at a critical volume fraction. The turbulent energy production rate decreases by an order of magnitude, accompanied by a much smaller increase in the energy dissipation due to particle drag, resulting in a decrease in the total energy dissipation. In contrast to the current understanding, the results show that turbulence attenuation is a discontinuous process, and is due to a disruption of the turbulent energy production mechanism, and not due to the increased dissipation due to the particles