Bacteriostatic effect of Coumarin 2-(3,4- Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4H-Chromen-4-One Isolated from the root extract of Strychnos nux vomica.

Introduction and Aim: Strychnos nux-vomica (S. nux-vomica) being Loganiaceae is a well-known herb in India as well in Srilanka, Northern and Southeast Asia America. The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the bacteriostatic effects of 2-(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one isolated from root ethyl acetate extract of S. nux-vomica. Materials and Methods: Structure elucidation was carried out using 1HNMR.The bacteriostatic effect of isolated compound at 75 and 100 µg/ml was evaluated using agar well diffusion method against MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, P.aeruginosa, E.coli, S. typhi. Result: Based on the result, we noted that, MRSA was most susceptible bacterial strain with 5.4mm and 11.3mm zone of inhibitions recorded at 75 and 100µg/ml respectively. Result is compared with known standard gentamycin sulphate. Conclusion: In accordance to the result of the investigation, here we conclude that, the isolated compound is coumarin derivative compound and it exhibit significant activity against MRSA

Anti Biofilm Activity and Time-Kill Study of Silver Nanoparticles of Strychnos nux vomica Root Ethyl Acetate extractagainst Clinically Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mutants

Introduction and Aim: The development of biofilms is a crucial component of adherent pathogens and is regarded as one of the indirect mechanisms by which bacteria are resistant to different types of current antibiotics. The time kill studies are also important to evaluate the drug efficiency towards particular bacteria. The current investigation is carried out to determine the antibiofilm and time dependent death initiation ability of silver nano particles (AgNo’s) prepared using S. nux-vomica root ethyl acetate extract. Materials and Methods: Crystal violet assay was used to determine the antibiofilm assay using 1 X MIC, 2 X MIC, and 4 X MIC concentrations of prepared AgNo’s. Ampicillin is used as reference drug. time kill study is also carried out using 1 X MIC, 2 X MIC, and 4 X MIC concentrations of prepared AgNo’s. Results: Antibiofilm activity results of AgNP’s prepared using ethyl acetate extract of S. nux-vomica root revealed to exhibit concentration dependent biofilm inhibition of S. aureus mutant strains.  As per the results, we noticed that the tested AgNP’s are more significant MMSA with inhibition percentage 44.7%, 85.1%, and 83.4% recorded at 1 X MIC, 2 X MIC, and 4 X MIC respectively. Based on the result, we noticed that AgNo’s was significantly killed MMSACFU at 1 × MIC after 5h of treatment time of interval with 31.9%. However, the death rate percentage of MMSA was steadily raised to 56.5% at 8h treatment time and dropped to 44.8% after 9h of treatment. Conclusion: we conclude that, S. nux-vomica root ethyl acetate extract AgNo’s were very significant against MMSA and MRSA and slightly effective against VRSA

Effect of Different Anti-Hypertensive Drug Classes on Invasively Monitored Central Aortic Pressure and Peripheral Arterial Pressure

BACKGROUND: The brachial systolic pressure that we measure routinely varies from the aortic systolic pressure due to pulse-wave amplification. The central aortic pressure is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. The antihypertensive drugs could have differential effects on central pressure versus peripheral pressure. OBJECTIVES: To study and compare the effectiveness of different antihypertensive drug classes in decreasing the central aortic pressure and peripheral arterial pressure in hypertensive patients undergoing conventional coronary angiogram through direct Intra-arterial catheter. METHODS: In a real-world prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, we used a direct intra-arterial catheter to measure both central aortic pressure and radial artery pressure. We enrolled known hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiogram who were taking antihypertensive drugs as monotherapy, which belongs to ACE Inhibitors/ARBs, β-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, or Diuretics. Results of 200 patients were reported comparing the effect of four drug classes on central aortic pressure and peripheral radial pressure. RESULTS: The mean (±S.D) aortic systolic pressure (mmHg) is higher in β-blockers (143.44±7.64) than ACE Inhibitors/ARBs (104.62±5.78), Calcium channel blockers (126.2±8.34), and Diuretics (128.46±6.88) with the p-value of < .00001. The mean (±S.D) aortic diastolic pressure (mmHg) is higher in β-blockers (81.32±3.57) than ACE Inhibitors/ARBs (64.06±4.75), Calcium channel blockers (67.82±3.43), and Diuretics (69.28±3.13) with the p-value of < .00001. The mean (±S.D) radial systolic pressure (mmHg) is higher in β-blockers (166.92±5.85) than ACE Inhibitors/ARBs (104.42±5.18), Calcium channel blockers (129.34±4.45), and Diuretics (145.32±6.65) with the p-value of < .00001. The mean (±S.D) radial diastolic pressure (mmHg) is higher in β-blockers (81.43±2.92) than ACE Inhibitors/ARBs (61.86±3.77), Calcium channel blockers (70.98±4.97), and Diuretics (69.28±3.13) with the p-value of < .00001. The mean (±S.D) heart rate (bpm) is higher in Calcium channel blockers (101.18±6.04) than ACE Inhibitors/ARBs (75.72±2.75), β-blockers (79.3±2.66), and Diuretics (83.16±4.86) with the p-value of < .00001. CONCLUSION: The ACE Inhibitors/ARBs, and Calcium channel blockers were effective in reducing central aortic pressure and radial artery pressure than Diuretics and β-blockers

Chimeric Yellow Fever/Dengue Virus as a Candidate Dengue Vaccine: Quantitation of the Dengue Virus-Specific CD8 T-Cell Response

We have constructed a chimeric yellow fever/dengue (YF/DEN) virus, which expresses the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from DEN type 2 (DEN-2) virus in a YF virus (YFV-17D) genetic background. Immunization of BALB/c mice with this chimeric virus induced a CD8 T-cell response specific for the DEN-2 virus prM and E proteins. This response protected YF/DEN virus-immunized mice against lethal dengue encephalitis. Control mice immunized with the parental YFV-17D were not protected against DEN-2 virus challenge, indicating that protection was mediated by the DEN-2 virus prM- and E-specific immune responses. YF/DEN vaccine-primed CD8 T cells expanded and were efficiently recruited into the central nervous systems of DEN-2 virus challenged mice. At 5 days after challenge, 3 to 4% of CD8 T cells in the spleen were specific for the prM and E proteins, and 34% of CD8 T cells in the central nervous system recognized these proteins. Depletion of either CD4 or CD8 T cells, or both, strongly reduced the protective efficacy of the YF/DEN virus, stressing the key role of the antiviral T-cell response

ACTINOMYCIN “D” FROM MARINE SEDIMENT ASSOCIATED STREPTOMYCES CAPILLISPIRALIS MTCC10471

In our screening program for new bio-active metabolites from marine actinomycetes, a cyclic depsipeptide wasfound in the fermentation medium of marine Strepromyces (SS23/4) isolated from sediments collected from Bayoff Bengal, vellampattai,Tamilnadu. It showed strong biological activity against gram-positive / gram negativebacteria by agar overlay technique. It was taxonomically characterized by the basis of morphological andphenotypic characteristics, genotypic data and phylogenetic showing Streptomyces sps. Bio active compoundwas obtained by solvent extraction and purification using column chromatography followed by reverse phaseHPLC. The pure compound had potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Multi Drug ResistantMycobacterium tuberculosis strains (437RU) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, and The minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) against standard test organisms was found to be 1μg/mL against B.subtilis, E.coli andMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The compound exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against breastcarcinoma (MCF-7), melanoma cells (A375), prostate carcinoma (DU145) and lung carcinoma (A549) cellswith IC values 20μg/ml. The symbiotic Streptomyces capillispiralis MTCC 10471 produces crude antibiotic30mg/Lt by using nonoptimized fermentation conditions. The structure of the antibiotic was explained by 1D,2D NMR and LC-ESI-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF/MS experiments, revealed that it belongs to cyclic ploy peptideActinomycin D

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ERANDA THAILA (RICINUS COMMUNIS LINN.)

Ayurveda is the oldest of all remedial sciences in the world. Eranda (Ricinus Communis Linn.) commonly known as Castor plant is widespread throughout Tropical region. It is one of the important Ayurvedic herb used for centuries and oil has wide range of therapeutic properties. Castor oil has a multitude of uses in both the health and industrial sectors. Eranda thaila is one of the main drugs used for Virechana karma (purgative therapy) and Snehana karma (Oleation therapy) under Panchakarama therapy. It pacifies Vata, the aggravation of which is the root cause of all diseases. Among Chatusnehas (four types of unctuous materials), Thaila (oil) is the best for the management of Vatavyadhi (diseases of Vata) as it possess opposite Gunas (properties) of Vata. In Vatika vikaras (disorders caused by Vata) Sneha virechana (purgation by oil) is advised, as it clears obstruction in the Srotas (body channels) and relieves Vata vitiation subsequently. Eranda thaila (Castor oil) is one of widely used oil in Ayurvedic disease management both internally and externally. In Samhitas it is mentioned to be Vata Kaphahara and Adhobhaga doshahara (disorders of lower parts of the body) and has been praised for its Amvathahara (rheumatoid arthritis) property. It is also administered as adjuvant for various formulations. Eranda thaila (Castor oil) is a wonderful drug which can also rejuvenate the body and can be administered in many ways. Even though it has various medicinal properties, inappropriate usage causes adverse effects such as dizziness, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea; etc. Castor oil mainly consists of Ricinoleic acid

Clinical Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Women with Breast Cancer

Breast cancers are potentially life-threatening malignancies in women. Development of cancer produces oxidative stress, which increases with disease progression. Hence, studies on antioxidants may be the most promising area of research for this clinical menace. We analysed serum Uric acid (UA) and Bilirubin (BR) in women with breast cancer. The changes in the levels of serum uric acid and bilirubin are measured in breast cancer patients to assess the oxidative stress. A significant increase in the levels of uric acid and an insignificant increase in the levels of bilirubin was observed in all the three categories of breast cancer patients compared to normal individuals. The results suggested that high ROS production supports the oxidative stress in breast cancer. So, the treatment with antioxidants in the initial stages of the disease may be useful as secondary therapy