106 research outputs found
Applicability of Precipitation-Flotation Method for Differential Separation of Cadmium from Zinc in Synthesized Waste Cyanide Water
The removal of heavy metal from synthesized waste cyanide water is achievable by a precipitation-flotation method. However, the differential separation of constituting metals by this method has been thought to be very difficult. The authors found that the addition of some decomposing reagents to the synthesized waste cyanide water of cadmium and zinc can improve the separation characteristics of these metals. The present study deals with the applicability of the precipitation-flotation method for the differential separation of cadmium from zinc in synthesized waste cyanide water. The proposed method was to use sodium sulphide as a decomposing reagent in the first stage of flotation and hydrogen peroxide in the second stage in order to decompose the Cd-CN and Zn-CN complexes, respectively. Furthermore, the use of such a cation flocculant as FC-80 was considerably effective for the removal of the Cd-CN complex. Based on a series of fundamental flotation tests, actual differential flotation tests were made. The separation of cadmium from zinc in synthesized waste cyanide water was found to be satisfactory. This method can be effective for the differential separation of difficult-to-sepa-rate colloidal precipitates from liquids by the sedimentation method
Superconducting zinc heat switch for continuous nuclear demagnetization refrigerator and sub-mK experiments
We have developed and tested a zinc superconducting heat switch suitable for
magnetic refrigeration and calorimetric experiments at sub-millikevin (sub-mK)
temperatures. The specific application here is an adiabatic demagnetization
refrigerator with two PrNi nuclear stages, which can keep a temperature
of 0.8 mK continuously, (CNDR) proposed by Toda et al. (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
969, 012093 (2018). The switch consists of six high-purity zinc foils of 0.25
mm thick which contact seven silver foils by diffusive bonding. The silver
foils are electron beam welded to silver rods that are thermal links to other
components. The choice of the thin zinc foils is due to reduce the magnetic
latent heat on switching and the contact thermal resistance under a constraint
on the aspect ratio of the switch element. The measured thermal conductance of
the whole switch assembly in the normal (closed) state, ,
agrees very well down to 70 mK with the value estimated from the residual
electrical resistance 114 n at 4.2 K, indicating the validity
of the Wiedemann-Franz law for zinc. The measured thermal conductance in the
superconducting (open) state, , follows nicely the prediction
from the BCS theory and approaches the value expected from the Debye model for
thermal phonons near 70 mK. The heat leak through the HSW from the higher
temperature side of 30 mK at most is estimated to be less than 0.5 nW, which is
much lower than the expected cooling power ( nW) of the CNDR at 0.8 mK .
The switching ratio extrapolated to 30 mK,
is as high as 5. All the test results meet the requirements for the
CNDR and, for example, heat capacity measurements at sub-mK.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Near-Infrared Extinction in The Coalsack Globule 2
We have conducted J, H, and Ks imaging observations for the Coalsack Globule
2 with the SIRIUS infrared camera on the IRSF 1.4 m telescope at SAAO, and
determined the color excess ratio, E(J-H)/E(H-Ks). The ratio is determined in
the same photometric system as our previous study for the rho Oph and Cha
clouds without any color transformation; this enables us to directly compare
the near-infrared extinction laws among these regions. The current ratio
E(J-H)/E(H-Ks) = 1.91 +- 0.01 for the extinction range 0.5 < E(J-H) <1.8 is
significantly larger than the ratios for the rho Oph and Cha clouds
(E(J-H)/E(H-Ks) = 1.60-1.69). This ratio corresponds to a large negative index
alpha = 2.34 +- 0.01 when the wavelength dependence of extinction is
approximated by a power law which might indicate little growth of dust grains,
or larger abundance of dielectric non-absorbing components such as silicates,
or both in this cloud. We also confirm that the color excess ratio for the
Coalsack Globule 2 has a trend of increasing with decreasing optical depth,
which is the same trend as the rho Oph and Cha clouds have.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, and 2 tables, Ap
Exfoliation of single layer BiTeI flakes
Spin orbit interaction can be strongly boosted when a heavy element is
embedded into an inversion asymmetric crystal field. A simple structure to
realize this concept in a 2D crystal contains three atomic layers, a middle one
built up from heavy elements generating strong atomic spin-orbit interaction
and two neighboring atomic layers with different electron negativity. BiTeI is
a promising candidate for such a 2D crystal, since it contains heavy Bi layer
between Te and I layers. Recently the bulk form of BiTeI attracted considerable
attention due to its giant Rashba interaction, however, 2D form of this crystal
was not yet created. In this work we report the first exfoliation of single
layer BiTeI using a recently developed exfoliation technique on stripped gold.
Our combined scanning probe studies and first principles calculations show that
SL BiTeI flakes with sizes of 100 m were achieved which are stable at
ambient conditions. The giant Rashba splitting and spin-momentum locking of
this new member of 2D crystals open the way towards novel spintronic
applications and synthetic topological heterostructures.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
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