The Southeast Wing

Almost a century ago, the eminent French physiologist, Claude Bernard, to whom many early physiological discoveries are attributed, described medicine as the science of sickness. Physiology, he stated, is the science of life; therefore, it should be the scientific basis of medicine

Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements.

International audienceAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable neurodevelopmental conditions. The genetic architecture of ASDs is complex, requiring large samples to overcome heterogeneity. Here we broaden coverage and sample size relative to other studies of ASDs by using Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays and 1,181 [corrected] families with at least two affected individuals, performing the largest linkage scan to date while also analyzing copy number variation in these families. Linkage and copy number variation analyses implicate chromosome 11p12-p13 and neurexins, respectively, among other candidate loci. Neurexins team with previously implicated neuroligins for glutamatergic synaptogenesis, highlighting glutamate-related genes as promising candidates for contributing to ASDs

The Southeast Wing

Almost a century ago, the eminent French physiologist, Claude Bernard, to whom many early physiological discoveries are attributed, described medicine as the science of sickness. Physiology, he stated, is the science of life; therefore, it should be the scientific basis of medicine.</p

Single-phase heat exchangers

This chapter deals with the thermal design theory of single phase recuperative heat exchangers. Established methods for (a) designing a heat exchanger that will yield a desired performance under specified operating conditions or (b) predicting the performance of a given heat exchanger operating under prescribed conditions are logically presented. Heat exchangers are first classified based on their construction and flow configuration. Next, basic concepts central to heat exchanger design, such as the fluid mechanics of internal flow, laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layer development, friction factor, heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient, fouling, etc., are discussed. Having laid the conceptual framework, two commonly encountered problems in heat exchanger design are described. Two well-established methods of designing heat exchangers, the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) and the effectiveness-NTU (ε-NTU) methods, are then explained in some detail. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the heat transfer coefficient results/correlations under various flow situations and boundary conditions, which will be helpful in the calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient