Long term predictive values of cytology and human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: joint European cohort study

Objective To obtain large scale and generalisable data on the long term predictive value of cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+)

Application of structural topology optimisation in aluminium cross-sectional design

Aluminium is lightweight and corrosion-resistant; however, its low Young's Modulus predisposes the need for better material distribution across its section to increase stiffness. This paper studies a holistic design optimisation approach with the power of structural topology optimisation aiming to develop novel structural aluminium beam and column profiles. The optimisation methodology includes forty standard loading combinations while the optimisation results were combined through an X-ray overlay technique. This design optimisation approach is referred here to as the Sectional Optimisation Method (SOM). SOM is supported by engineering intuition as well as the collaboration of 2D and 3D approaches with a focus on post-processing and manufacturability through a morphogenesis process. Ten optimised cross-sectional profiles for beams and columns are presented. The shape of one of the best performing optimised sections was simplified by providing cross-section elements with a uniform thickness and using curved elements of constant radius. A second level heuristic shape optimisation was done by creating new section shapes based on the original optimised design. The paper also carries out stub column tests using finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the loacl buckling behaviour of the above-optimised aluminium profiles under compression and to investigate the effectiveness of using the existing classification methods according to codified provisions of Eurocode 9. The herein presented work aims to integrate topology optimisation aspects in cross-sectional design of aluminium alloy element building applications, providing thus a new concept in design procedures of lightweight aluminium structures

Superficial acral fibromyxoma : a report of two cases with radiological findings

Superficial acral fibromyxoma is a recently described soft tissue neoplasm with a predilection for the tips of the fingers and toes. As such it must be included in the radiological differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions eroding bone in this location. The radiological features of this distinctive tumour have not so far been described. We report two cases with radiological and histopathological features

A family of conserved bacterial virulence factors dampens interferon responses by blocking calcium signaling

Interferons (IFNs) induce an antimicrobial state, protecting tissues from infection. Many viruses inhibit IFN signaling, but whether bacterial pathogens evade IFN responses remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the Shigella OspC family of type-III-secreted effectors blocks IFN signaling independently of its cell death inhibitory activity. Rather, IFN inhibition was mediated by the binding of OspC1 and OspC3 to the Ca(2+) sensor calmodulin (CaM), blocking CaM kinase II and downstream JAK/STAT signaling. The growth of Shigella lacking OspC1 and OspC3 was attenuated in epithelial cells and in a murine model of infection. This phenotype was rescued in both models by the depletion of IFN receptors. OspC homologs conserved in additional pathogens not only bound CaM but also inhibited IFN, suggesting a widespread virulence strategy. These findings reveal a conserved but previously undescribed molecular mechanism of IFN inhibition and demonstrate the critical role of Ca(2+) and IFN targeting in bacterial pathogenesis