40 research outputs found
Recognition of differences in the capacity to deal with floodsâA cross-country comparison of flood risk management
Flood risks worldwide are increasing due to climate change. Managing these risks is ever more necessary. Although flood risk management (FRM) is often understood as a technical challenge, it also involves decisions about the distribution of resources and risks in floods, which can be inherently unfair. People are disparately affected by floods due to their location. Because of their various socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, they also differ in their capacity to deal with floods. These differences need to be recognised in FRM to prevent disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities. However, at present, a knowledge gap exists on how to make FRM more inclusive and just, and discussions on recognition justice in the context of FRM are scarce. This article therefore examines recognition of differences in the capacity of people to deal with floods in FRM in England (United Kingdom), Finland, Flanders (Belgium) and France. We analyse if, and how, these differences are recognised in FRM policy and practice and through decision-making procedures, drawing on examples from the implementation of five FRM strategies in each country (flood risk prevention, flood defence, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation and flood recovery). Furthermore, we aim to highlight opportunity spaces to strengthen recognition justice in future FRM
PO-0651: Pattern of failure in glioblastoma patients after FET-PET and MRI-guided chemo-radiotherapy
Injectable silver nanosensors: in vivo dosimetry for external beam radiotherapy using positron emission tomography
A Modality-Adaptive Method for Segmenting Brain Tumors and Organs-at-Risk in Radiation Therapy Planning
In this paper we present a method for simultaneously segmenting brain tumors
and an extensive set of organs-at-risk for radiation therapy planning of
glioblastomas. The method combines a contrast-adaptive generative model for
whole-brain segmentation with a new spatial regularization model of tumor shape
using convolutional restricted Boltzmann machines. We demonstrate
experimentally that the method is able to adapt to image acquisitions that
differ substantially from any available training data, ensuring its
applicability across treatment sites; that its tumor segmentation accuracy is
comparable to that of the current state of the art; and that it captures most
organs-at-risk sufficiently well for radiation therapy planning purposes. The
proposed method may be a valuable step towards automating the delineation of
brain tumors and organs-at-risk in glioblastoma patients undergoing radiation
therapy.Comment: corrected one referenc
Inducing institutional change through projects? : Three models of projectified governance
The study of short-term projects to implement policy has lately gained ground among scholars of environmental governance and public administration. The increasing reliance on and prevalence of projects, or âprojectificationâ, has spurred critical debates on the ability of projects to contribute to long-term goals, including sustainability, as well as institutional change. Yet, the literature on projectification lacks specificity in terms of how projects are understood, how the relationship between projects and permanent organizations looks like, and how projects can influence institutional orders. The aim of this paper is to systematize the literature in order to uncover the process of transforming project outputs into institutional change. Three models of projectified governance â mechanistic, organic, and adaptive â is presented, providing a conceptual apparatus that advances the study of projects in environmental policy and governance. The paper argues that the adaptive model, with its reliance on multi-scalar networks for the coordination of project activities and knowledge, shows most promise in achieving institutional change to address complex environmental problems.Peer reviewe
A modality-adaptive method for segmenting brain tumors and organs-at-risk in radiation therapy planning
In this paper we present a method for simultaneously segmenting brain tumors and an extensive set of organs-at-risk for radiation therapy planning of glioblastomas. The method combines a contrast-adaptive generative model for whole-brain segmentation with a new spatial regularization model of tumor shape using convolutional restricted Boltzmann machines. We demonstrate experimentally that the method is able to adapt to image acquisitions that differ substantially from any available training data, ensuring its applicability across treatment sites; that its tumor segmentation accuracy is comparable to that of the current state of the art; and that it captures most organs-at-risk sufficiently well for radiation therapy planning purposes. The proposed method may be a valuable step towards automating the delineation of brain tumors and organs-at-risk in glioblastoma patients undergoing radiation therapy
A modality-adaptive method for segmenting brain tumors and organs-at-risk in radiation therapy planning
In this paper we present a method for simultaneously segmenting brain tumors and an extensive set of
organs-at-risk for radiation therapy planning of glioblastomas. The method combines a contrast-adaptive
generative model for whole-brain segmentation with a new spatial regularization model of tumor shape
using convolutional restricted Boltzmann machines. We demonstrate experimentally that the method is
able to adapt to image acquisitions that differ substantially from any available training data, ensuring its
applicability across treatment sites; that its tumor segmentation accuracy is comparable to that of the
current state of the art; and that it captures most organs-at-risk sufficiently well for radiation therapy
planning purposes. The proposed method may be a valuable step towards automating the delineation of
brain tumors and organs-at-risk in glioblastoma patients undergoing radiation therapy
ESTRO-EANO guideline on target delineation and radiotherapy details for glioblastoma
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Target delineation in glioblastoma is still a matter of extensive research and debate. This guideline aims to update the existing joint European consensus on delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV) in adult glioblastoma patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The ESTRO Guidelines Committee identified 14 European experts in close interaction with the ESTRO clinical committee and EANO who discussed and analysed the body of evidence concerning contemporary glioblastoma target delineation, then took part in a two-step modified Delphi process to address open questions.
RESULTS
Several key issues were identified and are discussed including i) pre-treatment steps and immobilisation, ii) target delineation and the use of standard and novel imaging techniques, and iii) technical aspects of treatment including planning techniques and fractionation. Based on the EORTC recommendation focusing on the resection cavity and residual enhancing regions on T1-sequences with the addition of a reduced 15Â mm margin, special situations are presented with corresponding potential adaptations depending on the specific clinical situation.
CONCLUSIONS
The EORTC consensus recommends a single clinical target volume definition based on postoperative contrast-enhanced T1 abnormalities, using isotropic margins without the need to cone down. A PTV margin based on the individual mask system and IGRT procedures available is advised; this should usually be no greater than 3Â mm when using IGRT
Transformational responses to climate change: beyond a systems perspective of social change in mitigation and adaptation
There is a growing imperative for responses to climate change to go beyond incremental adjustments, aiming instead for society-wide transformation. In this context, sociotechnical (ST) transitions and socialâecological (SE) resilience are two prominent normative agendas. Reviewing these literatures reveals how both share a complex-systems epistemology with inherent limitations, often producing managerial governance recommendations and foregrounding material over social drivers of change. Further interdisciplinary dialogue with social theory is essential if these frameworks are to become more theoretically robust and capable of informing effective, let alone transformational, climate change governance. To illustrate this potential, ideas from Deleuze and Guattari's political writing as well as other approaches that utilize the notion social fields (as opposed to sociosystems) are combined to more fully theorize the origins and enactment of social change. First, the logic of systems is replaced with the contingency of assemblages to reveal how pluralism, not elitism, can produce more ambitious and politicized visions of the future. In particular, this view encourages us to see social and ecological tensions as opportunities for thinking and acting differently rather than as mere technical problems to be solved. Secondly, the setting of social fields is introduced to situate and explain the power of ideas and the role of agency in times of uncertainty. The potential of such insights is already visible in some strands of climate change mitigation and adaptation research, but more needs to be done to advance this field and to bring it into dialogue with the mainstream systems based literature