133 research outputs found
Upstream structural management measures for an urban area flooding in Turkey
In recent years, flooding has become an increasing concern across many parts of the world of both the general public and their governments. The climate change inducing more intense rainfall events occurring in short period of time lead flooding in rural and urban areas. In this study the flood modelling in an urbanized area, namely Samsun-Terme in Blacksea region of Turkey is performed. MIKE21 with flexible grid is used in 2-dimensional shallow water flow modelling. 1 x 1000(-1) scaled maps with the buildings for the urbanized area and 1 x 5000(-1) scaled maps for the rural parts are used to obtain DTM needed in the flood modelling. The bathymetry of the river is obtained from additional surveys. The main river passing through the urbanized area has a capacity of 500 m(3) s(-1) according to the design discharge obtained by simple ungauged discharge estimation depending on catchment area only. The upstream structural base precautions against flooding are modelled. The effect of four main upstream catchments on the flooding in the downstream urban area are modelled as different scenarios. It is observed that if the flow from the upstream catchments can be retarded through a detention pond constructed in one of the upstream catchments, estimated Q(100) flood can be conveyed by the river without overtopping from the river channel. The operation of the upstream detention ponds and the scenarios to convey Q(500) without causing flooding are also presented. Structural management measures to address changes in flood characteristics in water management planning are discussed
Social Exclusion and Ethnic Segregation in Schools: The Role of Teacher's Ethnic Prejudice
This is the author accepted manuscript. the final version is available from MIT Press via the DOI in this recordUsing data on primary school children and their teachers, we show that teachers who hold prejudicial attitudes towards an ethnic group create socially and spatially segregated classrooms. Leveraging a natural experiment where newly arrived refugee children are randomly assigned to teachers within schools, we find that teachers’ ethnic prejudice, measured by an implicit association test, significantly lowers the prevalence of inter-ethnic social links, increases homophilic ties among host children, and puts refugee children at a higher risk of peer violence. Our results highlight the role of teachers in achieving integrated schools in a world of increasing ethnic diversity.UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Offic
Upstream structural management measures for an urban area flooding in Turkey
In recent years, flooding has become an increasing concern across many parts
of the world of both the general public and their governments. The climate
change inducing more intense rainfall events occurring in short period of
time lead flooding in rural and urban areas. In this study the flood
modelling in an urbanized area, namely Samsun-Terme in Blacksea region of
Turkey is performed. MIKE21 with flexible grid is used in 2-dimensional
shallow water flow modelling. 1 × 1000−1 scaled maps with the buildings for the
urbanized area and 1 × 5000−1 scaled maps for the rural parts are used to obtain
DTM needed in the flood modelling. The bathymetry of the river is obtained
from additional surveys. The main river passing through the urbanized area
has a capacity of 500 m3 s−1 according to the design discharge obtained
by simple ungauged discharge estimation depending on catchment area only.
The upstream structural base precautions against flooding are modelled. The
effect of four main upstream catchments on the flooding in the downstream
urban area are modelled as different scenarios. It is observed that if the
flow from the upstream catchments can be retarded through a detention pond
constructed in one of the upstream catchments, estimated Q100 flood can
be conveyed by the river without overtopping from the river channel. The
operation of the upstream detention ponds and the scenarios to convey
Q500 without causing flooding are also presented. Structural management
measures to address changes in flood characteristics in water management
planning are discussed
Genital ulcer severity score and genital health quality of life in Behçet's disease
Background: Behçet's Disease (BD) is a chronic auto-inflammatory, multisystem relapsing/remitting disorder of unknown aetiology. Oro-genital ulceration is a key feature of the disease and has a major impact on the patients' quality of life. Other clinical manifestations include ocular inflammation, rheumatologic and skin involvement, while CNS and vascular complications can lead to considerable morbidity. The availability of a valid monitoring tool for BD activity is crucial in evaluating the impact of the disease on daily life activity. The aims of this study were to validate a novel tool for monitoring genital ulceration severity in BD and to assess the impact of genital ulcers on the Genital Health Quality of Life (GHQoL). Methods: Genital Ulcer Severity Score (GUSS) was developed using six genital ulcer characteristics: number, size, duration, ulcer-free period, pain and site. A total of 207 BD patients were examined, (137 females: mean age∈±∈SD: 39.83∈±∈13.42 and 70 males: mean age∈±∈SD: 39.98∈±∈11.95) from the multidisciplinary Behçet's Centre of Excellence at Barts Health NHS Trust. GUSS was used in conjunction with Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF). Results: The over-all score of GUSS showed a strong correlation with all genital ulcer characteristics, and the strongest correlation was with the pain domain (r∈=∈0.936; P∈2: 0.600; P∈<∈0.0001). Conclusions: This study established the practicality of GUSS as a severity monitoring tool for BD genital ulcers and validated its use in 207 patients. Genital ulcers of BD have a considerable impact on the patients GHQoL
Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond
Initially used as antimalarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and, to a lesser extent, chloroquine (CQ) are currently being used to treat several diseases. Due to its cost-effectiveness, safety and efficacy, HCQ is especially used in rheumatic autoimmune disorders (RADs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this widespread use in the clinic, HCQ molecular modes of action are still not completely understood. By influencing several cellular pathways through different mechanisms, CQ and HCQ inhibit multiple endolysosomal functions, including autophagy, as well as endosomal Toll-like receptor activation and calcium signalling. These effects alter several aspects of the immune system with the synergistic consequence of reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and release, one of the most marked symptoms of RADs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the molecular modes of action of these drugs and the circumstances under which they trigger side effects. This is of particular importance as the therapeutic use of HCQ is expanding beyond the treatment of malaria and RADs
Nurturing Childhood Curiosity to Enhance Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Pedagogical Intervention
This is the author accepted manuscript.We evaluate a pedagogical intervention aiming at improving learning in elementary school children
by fostering their curiosity. We test the effectiveness of the pedagogy using achievement scores
and a novel measure of curiosity. The latter involves creating a sense of information deprivation
and quantifying the urge to acquire information and retention ability. The intervention increases
curiosity, knowledge retention, and science test scores, with the effects persisting into middle
school years. It also leads to more information sharing and peer learning in the classroom. The
evidence can help design better pedagogical tools to increase pupil engagement and the quality of
learning.J-PAL Post-Primary Education InitiativeING Bank Turke
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