Cytotoxicity test pentacyclic triterpenes of Eupatorium inulifolium HBK on myeloma cells and their docking study

A  test  of  cytotoxic  activity  of  pentacyclic  triterpenes  12,13-Dihydro-1-α-amirin-20,30-en-3-acetate and12,13-Dihydro-α-amirin-20,30-en-3ol compounds on  myeloma  cells  and  their  docking  has  been  conducted.  Two  compounds  were treated on myeloma cells which their cells densities have been determined. They were  subsequently  incubated  with  a  series  of  compound  dosage  from  2000 µg/mL  to  125  µg/mL.  This  research  aims  to  determine  the  level  in  which  both the  compounds  influence  the  myeloma  cells  using  MTT method  (reactor  3-(4,5-Dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil  tetrazollium  bromide)  and  their  docking  that  react to  receptor  1XKK.  Activity  of  compounds  on  myeloma  cell  after  24  hour incubation has shown that the values of IC50 for 12,13-Dihydro-α-amirin-20,30-en-3-acetate and 12,13-Dihydro-α-amirin-20,30-en-3ol are 0.428 mM and 1.515 mM, respectively. In this research, doxorubicin is used as a positive control. The IC50 value of doxorubicin is 6.896 x 10-5 µg/mL. Results show that docking score for  12,13-Dihydro-α-amirin-20,30-en-3-acetat  to  Epidermal  Growth  Factor Receptor  (1XKK)  is  -78.9662  (7).  Meanwhile,  docking score  for  12,13-Dihydro-α-amirin-20,30-en-3-ol to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor(1XKK) is -74.1941 (10).  Doxorubicin  docking  score  is  -86.6585  (2).  From  the  results,  it  can  be inferred  that  the  two  compounds  have  cytotoxic  activities  with  bigger  IC50 than the  doxorubicin  as  positive  control.  In  order  to  obtain  more  potent  cytotoxic activity,  the  coumpound  has  to  be  modified  and  tested  and  then  docked  using receptor Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.Keywords:cytotoxic activity; EGFR; myeloma cells; 12,13-Dihidro-α-amirin-20,30-en-3-asetat dan 12, 13-Dihidro-α-amirin-20,30-en-3-o

Cytotoxic Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpene-3-Heptadecanoate Ester against Hela Cell Line and Its Docking Study

Pentacyclic triterpene-3-heptadecanoate (12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-20,30-en-3-heptadecanoate)ester refers to the compound as a result of reaction between pentacyclic triterpene-3-ol(12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-20,30-en-3-ol) and heptadecanoic acid. This research was aimed to conductcytotoxicity test of pentacyclic triterpene-3-heptadecanoate; 12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-20,30-en-3-oland 12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-20,30-en-3-acetate esters against Hela cell line. The activity assay wascarried out using MTT method. The results indicated that IC50 value of 12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-3-heptadecanoate; 12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-20,30-en-3-acetate and 12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-20,30-en-3-ol were 111.0, 151.1 and 944.4 μg/ml, respectively. The compound of 12,13-dihydro-α-amyrin-20,30-en-3-heptadecanoate had the lowest IC50 value, suggesting it has a potency to be synthesized as ananticancer drug

Trends of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children in Yogyakarta Year 2013 –2015

Diarrhea, together with pneumonia, is accountable for 25% death of children under five globally (IVAC, 2017). In Indonesia, diarrhea is also among the top ten diseases of cause of death in children under five (WHO, 2015). Rotavirus diarrhea is responsible for 60% in 2006 (Soenarto et al, 2009) of children diarrhea in Indonesia. Rotavirus vaccine in Indonesia was introduced commercially in 2011, nonetheless its use was reportedly low. Despite the declining rate of rotavirus incidence, surveillance is important to show the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in children. Thus, this study aims to describe the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five in Yogyakarta province. This was a prospective study, conducted in two participating hospitals in Yogyakarta: RSUP Sardjito Yogyakarta and RSUD Wates from January 2013 – December 2015. This study is a part of the Indonesia surveilance entitled “Hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea in children in Indonesia”, enrolling children under five hospitalized due to acute watery diarrhea. The questionare was modified from the WHO generic protocol of rotavirus surveillance (WHO, 2002). Data collection was perfomed after informed consent was signed by parent or guardian. The stool samples were tested for rotavirus with the EIA test and tested for genotyping with RT-PCR. The data were analysed and presented using descriptive analytic method. Of 684 eligible patients hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea, 557 subjects were enrolled with 518 feces were tested for rotavirus. The percentage of rotavirus incidence in year 2013, 2014, and 2015 were 37%, 41% and 61 % respectively. The predominant rotavirus genotyping was G3P [8]. Rotavirus mostly found in children age 6 – 23 months (55 %), and was identified more in male than female (62 % vs 38%). During the 3 years study period, rotavirus occurred all year round, and showed to reach its peak on January 2015. Rotavirus positive diarrhea commonly presented with dehydration (79%) compare to negative rotavirus diarrhea (55%). It indicated that the incidence rate of rotavirus diarrhea in Yogyakarta is quite high and rotavirus diarrhea remains as significant contributor to hospitalized children with diarrhea. The trend of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years increased over the years’ period. The rotavirus diarrhea mostly presented with dehydration, thus rotavirus diarrhea remains as significant contributor to hospitalized children with diarrhea. This shows an evidence that the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years remains prominent

RETRACTED: Understanding Entrepreneurship Education Program in Indonesia : Design Thinking

This paper is retracted by editor due to publication ethics missconducted by authors (Because there are some parties who object to the data presented in the article, where the data has changed and these results can cause multiple interpretations and biases, the authors states that they required for retraction in this article)