39,544 research outputs found
Discrete Riemannian Geometry
Within a framework of noncommutative geometry, we develop an analogue of
(pseudo) Riemannian geometry on finite and discrete sets. On a finite set,
there is a counterpart of the continuum metric tensor with a simple geometric
interpretation. The latter is based on a correspondence between first order
differential calculi and digraphs. Arrows originating from a vertex span its
(co)tangent space. If the metric is to measure length and angles at some point,
it has to be taken as an element of the left-linear tensor product of the space
of 1-forms with itself, and not as an element of the (non-local) tensor product
over the algebra of functions. It turns out that linear connections can always
be extended to this left tensor product, so that metric compatibility can be
defined in the same way as in continuum Riemannian geometry. In particular, in
the case of the universal differential calculus on a finite set, the Euclidean
geometry of polyhedra is recovered from conditions of metric compatibility and
vanishing torsion. In our rather general framework (which also comprises
structures which are far away from continuum differential geometry), there is
in general nothing like a Ricci tensor or a curvature scalar. Because of the
non-locality of tensor products (over the algebra of functions) of forms,
corresponding components (with respect to some module basis) turn out to be
rather non-local objects. But one can make use of the parallel transport
associated with a connection to `localize' such objects and in certain cases
there is a distinguished way to achieve this. This leads to covariant
components of the curvature tensor which then allow a contraction to a Ricci
tensor. In the case of a differential calculus associated with a hypercubic
lattice we propose a new discrete analogue of the (vacuum) Einstein equations.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figure (eps), LaTeX, amssymb, epsfi
Intentionality versus Constructive Empiricism
By focussing on the intentional character of observation in science, we argue that Constructive Empiricism – B.C. van Fraassen’s much debated and explored view of science – is inconsistent. We then argue there are at least two ways out of our Inconsistency Argument, one of which is more easily to square with Constructive Empiricism than the other
Discerning Elementary Particles
We extend the quantum-mechanical results of Muller & Saunders (2008)
establishing the weak discernibility of an arbitrary number of similar fermions
in finite-dimensional Hilbert-spaces in two ways: (a) from fermions to bosons
for all finite-dimensional Hilbert-spaces; and (b) from finite-dimensional to
infinite-dimensional Hilbert-spaces for all elementary particles. In both cases
this is performed using operators whose physical significance is beyond
doubt.This confutes the currently dominant view that (A) the quantum-mechanical
description of similar particles conflicts with Leibniz's Principle of the
Identity of Indiscernibles (PII); and that (B) the only way to save PII is by
adopting some pre-Kantian metaphysical notion such as Scotusian haecceittas or
Adamsian primitive thisness. We take sides with Muller & Saunders (2008)
against this currently dominant view, which has been expounded and defended by,
among others, Schr\"odinger, Margenau, Cortes, Dalla Chiara, Di Francia,
Redhead, French, Teller, Butterfield, Mittelstaedt, Giuntini, Castellani,
Krause and Huggett.Comment: Final Version. To appear in Philosophy of Science, July 200
Hyposplenism in gastro-intestinal disease
The hazards of living without a spleen were recognised by the paediatricians in the early 1960’s when they focussed attention on the syndrome of fulminant sepsis, often due to pneumococcal infection, occurring in young children within the first two years of splenectomy. The danger of post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS) extends into adult life and splenectomised patients remain at risk 10, 20 and even 30 years after the operation. Problems following splenectomy may just be the tip of the iceberg. It is clear that many other diseases are associated with impaired splenic function in the presence of intact spleens.peer-reviewe
Regularized adaptive long autoregressive spectral analysis
This paper is devoted to adaptive long autoregressive spectral analysis when
(i) very few data are available, (ii) information does exist beforehand
concerning the spectral smoothness and time continuity of the analyzed signals.
The contribution is founded on two papers by Kitagawa and Gersch. The first one
deals with spectral smoothness, in the regularization framework, while the
second one is devoted to time continuity, in the Kalman formalism. The present
paper proposes an original synthesis of the two contributions: a new
regularized criterion is introduced that takes both information into account.
The criterion is efficiently optimized by a Kalman smoother. One of the major
features of the method is that it is entirely unsupervised: the problem of
automatically adjusting the hyperparameters that balance data-based versus
prior-based information is solved by maximum likelihood. The improvement is
quantified in the field of meteorological radar
Tensor product representations of the quantum double of a compact group
We consider the quantum double D(G) of a compact group G, following an
earlier paper. We use the explicit comultiplication on D(G) in order to build
tensor products of irreducible *-representations. Then we study their behaviour
under the action of the R-matrix, and their decomposition into irreducible
*-representations. The example of D(SU(2)) is treated in detail, with explicit
formulas for direct integral decomposition (`Clebsch-Gordan series') and
Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. We point out possible physical applications.Comment: LaTeX2e, 27 pages, corrected references, accepted by Comm.Math.Phy
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