Efficient Energy Management System with Storage

This paper deals with energy management strategy for AC/DC grid connected network using artificial intelligent techniques. Proposed energy management system aims at maximum utilization of energy sources considering load demand, availability of AC mains, and state of charge of battery. A Spartan 6 FPGA controller is utilized for battery scheduling process which schedules the rate of charge and discharge of battery. It also limits the battery from over charging and deep discharge and thus increasing lifespan of battery. A innovative Variable Frequency SPWM technique utilized to increase efficiency of system. It guarantees power to critical load when AC mains fail. The EMS system accomplishes peak power control by supplying battery power to local load along with AC mains when electricity cost is more. The proposed model simulated using matlab/simulink environment and result found to be better than literature modules

PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF ASTERCANTHA LONGIFOLIA KSHARA

Objective: The present study was aimed for establishment of SMP (standard manufacturing procedure) of Astercantha longifolia (A. longifolia) kshara and to develop its quality control parameter. Methods: The kshara was prepared as per the AFI (Ayurvedic Formulary of India) guideline and for the purpose of standardization three batches were prepared and its mean and standard deviation was calculated. Results: In the present study it was discovered that the average percentage yield of 3 batches of A. longifolia kshara obtained from a completely dried whole plant 0.81% w/w. Physico-chemical analysis of powder showed foreign matter to be less than 1% w/w, loss on drying 27.5 % w/w, total ash less than 9%, acid insoluble ash to be less than 1%, water soluble extractive value and alcohol soluble extractive value as 10.78% w/w and 5.45 % w/w respectively and pH to be 7.3 which is in accordance with quality standards to be preserved, also Physico-chemical parameters applied to kshara reveals loss on drying as 13.35% w/w and pH to be slightly basic in nature i.e., 7.93. Conclusion: Many references in the classics are mentioned regarding the preparation of kshara; however, as per the findings of the present study, it might be concluded that this method is the standard method to get the maximum yield of A. longifolia kshara

DAM BREACH ANALYSIS AND PARAMETER SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ALONG A RIVER REACH USING HECRAS

A dam break is a low-probability, high risk catastrophe event that is extremely destructive and has a substantial negative socio-economic impact on downstream and nearby areas. Simulating dam breach and analyzing flood propagation downstream from those events is vital for identifying and minimizing the risks associated downstream of dam location. This study is intended to anlayse the effect of overtopping failure of dam for two scenario  (a) base-case scenario (scenario with average value of dam breach parameters from their range) and (b) worst case scenario (the breach with largest geometry, shortest formation time and highest peak outflow magnitude). Further, a hydrodyanmic modelling is perfomed to  investigate  the sensitivity analysis (local and global) of five dam breach parameters (dam breach elevation, dam breach width, breach formation time, weir coefficient, trigger failure elevation) on breach outflow in a proposed hydropower project located in Nepal. Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), Hydraulic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) and OriginPro 2022b are utilized to analyse the effect of  dam breach and parameter sensitivity. Generation of outflow hydrograph shows that worst case scenario has devasting effect downstream with innudation of 1047 of househols and 50.83 kilometers of roads. The breach velocty was recorded as 15.16 m/s and 20.85 m/s for base and worst case respectively. The minimum depth and maximum depth of flooding downstream from dam location was found to be 24.51 m and 73.6 m for base case and 47.43 m and 106.75 m for worst case. Due to backwater effect at Bheri river, peak flow at 14 km downstream from dam reduces significantly to 124852.57 m3/s and 244204.41 m3/s for base and worst case respectively. From local sensitivty analysis it has been found that, dam breach elevation is more sensitive and triggering failure elevation is less sensitive for peak outflow hydrograph. Whereas, dam breach width seems more sensitive and TFE seems least sensitive for peak outflow using Monte Carlo Simulation for gloal sensitivity

Study on the Fecundity and Gonado somatic index of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) of southern coast of Maharashtra, India

Investigation of fecundity and gonado somatic index (GSI) of Rastrelliger kanagurta were carried out from March 2011 to February 2012. Fecundity was determined at different length, weight and ovary ranges of different individual fishes. Study revealed that at 5% significant level significant average absolute fecundity was found to be 1,08,266 and relative fecundity ranged from 407 to 1499. The number of ova generally increased with increase in length and weight. However, variations in fecundity with respect to length and weight were also noticed. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) was calculated for each individual fish (592 numbers) and was averaged for each month. The average GSI values were plotted against each month to analysed monthly variations. GSI showed wide variations between sex and it was highest for both males and females during the month of April and September, showing occurrence of more ripe individuals. Analysis of regression showed that there were significant relationship between the fecundity with the fish length, body weight and ovary weight

Numerical Investigation of the Fractional Oscillation Equations under the Context of Variable Order Caputo Fractional Derivative via Fractional Order Bernstein Wavelets

This article describes an approximation technique based on fractional order Bernstein wavelets for the numerical simulations of fractional oscillation equations under variable order, and the fractional order Bernstein wavelets are derived by means of fractional Bernstein polynomials. The oscillation equation describes electrical circuits and exhibits a wide range of nonlinear dynamical behaviors. The proposed variable order model is of current interest in a lot of application areas in engineering and applied sciences. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of the fractional force-free and forced oscillation equations under the variable-order fractional operator. The basic idea behind using the approximation technique is that it converts the proposed model into non-linear algebraic equations with the help of collocation nodes for easy computation. Different cases of the proposed model are examined under the selected variable order parameters for the first time in order to show the precision and performance of the mentioned scheme. The dynamic behavior and results are presented via tables and graphs to ensure the validity of the mentioned scheme. Further, the behavior of the obtained solutions for the variable order is also depicted. From the calculated results, it is observed that the mentioned scheme is extremely simple and efficient for examining the behavior of nonlinear random (constant or variable) order fractional models occurring in engineering and science.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is published Open Access in 'Mathematics' at [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112503

Evaluation of changes in liver function test in first, second and third trimester of normal pregnancy

Background: Understanding of physiological adaptations of normal pregnancy remains a major goal of obstetrics, and without such knowledge, it is almost impossible to understand disease processes that can threaten women during pregnancy. Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in serum liver function tests in normal pregnant women in first, second and third trimester.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional in vitro study conducted at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad (India). A study consists of 150 pregnant women and 50 matched control. Among the 150 pregnant women, 50 were in first trimester, 50 were in second trimester and 50 were in third trimester. Serum sample was taken and assessed for routine liver function tests.Results: Serum total and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in second and third trimester. Serum ALT and AST activity was slightly but significantly increased in third trimester. Serum ALP activity was significantly higher in second and third trimester. ALP activity increases as pregnancy advances. Serum GGT values were significantly lowers in third trimester. No significant change in serum total proteins concentration, but serum albumin concentration was significantly lower and serum globulin concentration was significantly higher in all three trimester. Serum albumin/globulin ratio was significantly reduced in second and third trimester.Conclusion: Such changes in in liver function tests during normal pregnancy can be misinterpreted as pathological and can also unmask or worsen preexisting disease. So the identification and understanding of these physiological changes in pregnancy is important for the diagnosis of liver diseases during pregnancy

Economics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production and marketing in Darchula district of Nepal

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a popular root vegetable that is grown all over the world. Potato production is popular in Nepal because of its greater adaptability, high yield potential, and high demand, contributing 6.57 percent to AGDP and 2.17 percent to GDP. In Nepal, it is grown on 197,037 hectares (ha) with a yield of 13.13 metric tons per hectare and a total production of 2,586,287 metric tons. The major objective of our research was to analyze the economics and marketing state of potatoes in Api-Himal rural municipality Darchula, Nepal where a survey on potato production and marketing was conducted. A total of 60 households were randomly sampled and interviewed as the primary source of information for the research. For the residents of Api-Himal RM, there are few options for sustenance and revenue generation. The area is ideal for potato farming, and potato trading has a direct impact on rural communities' livelihoods. The B/C ratio was found to be 1.62 in the research area. The average cost of potato production was Rs. 2,67,319 while the average return was Rs. 4,32,804. The research focuses on the marketing and production of potatoes from the growers to the final customers. Low yield, insect and disease infestation, and a lack of government support are among the issues. To promote the production and marketing of potatoes, availability of improved technology, an extension of technical knowledge, efficient management of marketing channels and substantial financial support by the government as well as local bodies are recommended