SELECTION OF SUITABLE MECHANISMS AND ASSOCIATED PARAMETERS FOR A NETWORK SLICE IN A 5G NETWORK USING MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES

Described herein are techniques for activating the appropriate set of mechanisms in a 5G network and for determining the appropriate set of parameters for those mechanisms. This may help create a network slice in the network with specific constraints (e.g., reliability, latency, throughput etc.). These techniques may also enable adjusting mechanisms and/or associated parameters as the situation changes in the network. Currently, it is difficult to select (and dynamically update if needed) the appropriate set of mechanisms and associated parameters. The methods described herein may be located at a digital network center for private 5G networks or at a Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) (i.e., in a 5G core network) for private enterprises or Service Provider (SP) scenarios. Alternatively, these techniques may be distributed across multiple entities (e.g., Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), NWDAF, digital network center, etc.)

Transcript profiling reveals diverse roles of auxin-responsive genes during reproductive development and abiotic stress in rice

Auxin influences growth and development in plants by altering gene expression. Many auxin-responsive genes have been characterized in Arabidopsis in detail, but not in crop plants. Earlier, we reported the identification and characterization of the members of the GH3, Aux/IAA and SAUR gene families in rice. In this study, whole genome microarray analysis of auxin-responsive genes in rice was performed, with the aim of gaining some insight into the mechanism of auxin action. A comparison of expression profiles of untreated and auxin-treated rice seedlings identified 315 probe sets representing 298 (225 upregulated and 73 downregulated) unique genes as auxin-responsive. Functional categorization revealed that genes involved in various biological processes, including metabolism, transcription, signal transduction, and transport, are regulated by auxin. The expression profiles of auxin-responsive genes identified in this study and those of the members of the GH3, Aux/IAA, SAUR and ARF gene families were analyzed during various stages of vegetative and reproductive (panicle and seed) development by employing microarray analysis. Many of these genes are, indeed, expressed in a tissue-specific or developmental stage-specific manner, and the expression profiles of some of the representative genes were confirmed by real-time PCR. The differential expression of auxin-responsive genes during various stages of panicle and seed development implies their involvement in diverse developmental processes. Moreover, several auxin-responsive genes were differentially expressed under various abiotic stress conditions, indicating crosstalk between auxin and abiotic stress signaling

Comprehensive expression analysis suggests overlapping and specific roles of rice glutathione S-transferase genes during development and stress responses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are the ubiquitous enzymes that play a key role in cellular detoxification. Although several GSTs have been identified and characterized in various plant species, the knowledge about their role in developmental processes and response to various stimuli is still very limited. In this study, we report genome-wide identification, characterization and comprehensive expression analysis of members of GST gene family in crop plant rice, to reveal their function(s).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A systematic analysis revealed the presence of at least 79 GST genes in the rice genome. Phylogenetic analysis grouped GST proteins into seven classes. Sequence analysis together with the organization of putative motifs indicated the potential diverse functions of GST gene family members in rice. The tandem gene duplications have contributed a major role in expansion of this gene family. Microarray data analysis revealed tissue-/organ- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns of several rice GST genes. At least 31 GST genes showed response to plant hormones auxin and cytokinin. Furthermore, expression analysis showed the differential expression of quite a large number of GST genes during various abiotic stress (20), arsenate stress (32) and biotic stress (48) conditions. Many of the GST genes were commonly regulated by developmental processes, hormones, abiotic and biotic stresses.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The transcript profiling suggests overlapping and specific role(s) of GSTs during various stages of development in rice. Further, the study provides evidence for the role of GSTs in mediating crosstalk between various stress and hormone response pathways and represents a very useful resource for functional analysis of selected members of this family in rice.</p

Designing and Synthesis of Flavonoids Derivatives and Screening of their Antioxidant Activity

The flavonoids present in red wine were responsible this low cardiovascular mortality rate. Epidemiologic studies further suggest that dietary flavonoids are useful to control and protect the CHD. The flavonoids are yellow color substance (pigments) and the name given on the basis of Latin term Flavus which means yellow color. Flavonoids are derivatives of benzo-pyrone. Banzopyrone is a group of heterocyclic aromatic oxygen containing compounds. Finely powdered zinc chloride (8.25) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (18ml)&nbsp; by heating on sand bath then dry resorcinol (appx.5.5 gm) was added with&nbsp; continuous&nbsp; stirring to the mixture at&nbsp; 1400C. Antioxidant Screening by hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Hydrogen peroxide solution (40 mini moles) was prepared with standard phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. Different concentration of the compound stock solution and 4ml distilled water was added to 0.6 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution. UV absorbance was determined at the wavelength of 230 nm after 10 min with a blank solution containing phosphate buffer without H2O2. Take 4 ml different concentration of sample solution and 1ml sodium nitroprusside solution, added and incubated for 2.5 hrs at 370C. After incubation baseline was taken with methanol and 1ml sodium nitroprusside solution as blank solution. Griess reagent and methanol was added immediately before recording of readings. The readings were recorded at 546nm wavelenth. In the series of synthesized and evaluated compounds of Flavanoid electron withdrawing group at position four shows good activity. 2,3-dihydroflavan-3-ol derivatives showed lower activity than that of 3- hydroxyflavone derivatives. The 4-oxo (keto double bond at position 4 of the C ring), especially in association with the J2-J3 double bond, increases scavenger activity by delocalizing electrons, 3-hydroxy group on the C ring generates an extremely active scavenger; the combination of J2-J3 double bond,3-hydroxy group and 4-oxo group appears to be the best combination for potent antioxidant activity. Keywords: Flavonoids, Antioxidant activity, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, free radical

Genetic analysis of japonica x indica recombinant inbred lines and characterization of major fragrance gene by microsatellite markers

Traditional basmati rice varieties are very low yielding due to their tendency to lodging and increasing susceptibility to diseases. To improve the characters of basmati rice variety and study the inheritance of various physio-morphological and quality characters, F5 population comprising of 204 lines from the cross between NPT II (non-aromatic, japonica) and Taraori Basmati or HBC19 (aromatic, indica), were evaluated. Ample amount of genetic variability was observed for the characters plant height, tillers per plant, kernel length, kernel breath and L/B ratio. The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with productive tiller/plant and test weight. Path coefficient analysis showed that the productive tiller/plant and test weight contribute to grain yield/ plant through direct effect. The parent off-spring regression was high for all the characters under study suggesting improvement of these characters by mere selection. Based on divergence study, 204 lines were categorized in seven clusters whereas parents were grouped in different clusters. Molecular restricted selection using specific SSR markers with depicting high correlation with aroma could offer great promise to select high yielding rice among high aroma lines. A total of 54 randomly selected F5 plants were subjected to SSR marker analysis using SSR markers. The F5 plants had an allele from either of the two parental lines (homozygous condition) or alleles from both the parental rice varieties (heterozygous condition). At some SSR loci, new/recombinant alleles were observed, which indicate the active recombination between genomes of two rice varieties and can be used for linkage mapping once complete homozygosity is achieved. SSR allelic profile based on two dimensional principal component analysis demonstrated high level of diversity among parents and F5 plants spread between them.Keywords: Oryza sativa L., basmati, microsatellite, phenotyping, rice, recombinant inbred lines (RILs)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(32), pp. 5022-502

Structure-property relationships in dual phase steels.

Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1984 .J353. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1984

Molecular characterization and differential expression of cytokinin-responsive type-A response regulators in rice (Oryza sativa)

Background The response regulators represent the elements of bacterial two-component system and have been characterized from dicot plants like Arabidopsis but little information is available on the monocots, including the cereal crops. The aim of this study was to characterize type-A response regulator genes from rice, and to investigate their expression in various organs as well as in response to different hormones, including cytokinin, and environmental stimuli. Results By analysis of the whole genome sequence of rice, we have identified ten genes encoding type-A response regulators based upon their high sequence identity within the receiver domain. The exon-intron organization, intron-phasing as well as chromosomal location of all the RT-PCR amplified rice (Oryza sativa) response regulator (OsRR) genes have been analyzed. The transcripts of OsRR genes could be detected by real-time PCR in all organs of the light- and dark-grown rice seedlings/plants, although there were quantitative differences. The steady-state transcript levels of most of the OsRR genes increased rapidly (within 15 min) on exogenous cytokinin application even in the presence of cycloheximide. Moreover, the expression of the OsRR6 gene was enhanced in rice seedlings exposed to salinity, dehydration and low temperature stress. Conclusion Ten type-A response regulator genes identified in rice, the model monocot plant, show overlapping/differential expression patterns in various organs and in response to light. The induction of OsRR genes by cytokinin even in the absence of de novo protein synthesis qualifies them to be primary cytokinin response genes. The induction of OsRR6 in response to different environmental stimuli indicates its role in cross-talk between abiotic stress and cytokinin signaling. These results provide a foundation for further investigations on specific as well as overlapping cellular functions of type-A response regulators in rice

Synthesis and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Phenol and Aldehyde Derivatives of Sulfonyl Chloride Quinoxaline

N, N’-diprotonation is very easier for pyrazine Synthesis of 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline by phenylene-diamine in 16 ml of rectified spirit was added &amp; combine solution was warm in water bath for 30 min. added water until slight colorless persist &amp; allow to cool recrystallize the product in ethanol.&nbsp;&nbsp; Synthesis of 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline 7-sulfonylchloride (R) using chlorosulfonic acid under ice-cold condition, thenSynthesis of&nbsp; 2-hydroxyphenyl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-7-sulphonate (R1) throughresorcinol with 3ml pyridine &amp;sulphonyl chloride derivative, Synthesis of 2-formylphenyl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-7-sulphonate (R7)obtained by reaction of salicylaldehyde with pyridine &amp;sulphonyl chloride derivative then Synthesis of 3-formylphenyl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-7-sulphonate (R9) obtained by heating on water bath mixture of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with pyridine &amp;sulphonyl chloride, Synthesized quinoxaline derivatives were subjected to antioxidant activity.Hydrogen peroxide solution (40 mM) was prepared with standard phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Different concentration of the compound stock solution and 4ml distilled water was added to 0.6 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution. Absorbance was determined at 230 nm after 10 min against a blank solution containing phosphate buffer without hydrogen peroxide. DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured using the method of Cotelleet al. with some modifications. 3 ml of reaction mixture containing 0.2 ml of DPPH (100 μM in methanol) 2.8 ml of test solution, at various concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 320 μg/ml) of the extract fractions was incubated at 37°C for 30 min absorbance of the resulting solution was measured at 517 nm using Beckman model DU-40 spectrophotometer. Most of the derivatives have shown comparable antioxidant activity in relation to standard Ascorbic acid and DPPH Keywords: DPPH,Quinoxaline, Antioxidant activity,Sulfonyl chloride quinoxaline

Genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary expansion and expression analyses of homeobox genes in rice

Homeobox genes play a critical role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. In the present study, we identified a total of 107 homeobox genes in the rice genome and grouped them into ten distinct subfamilies based upon their domain composition and phylogenetic analysis. A significantly large number of homeobox genes are located in the duplicated segments of the rice genome, which suggests that the expansion of homeobox gene family, in large part, might have occurred due to segmental duplications in rice. Furthermore, microarray analysis was performed to elucidate the expression profiles of these genes in different tissues and during various stages of vegetative and reproductive development. Several genes with predominant expression during various stages of panicle and seed development were identified. At least 37 homeobox genes were found to be differentially expressed significantly (more than two-fold; P &#60;0.05) under various abiotic stress conditions. The results of the study suggest a critical role of homeobox genes in reproductive development and abiotic stress signaling in rice, and will facilitate the selection of candidate genes of agronomic importance for functional validation