Preparation of 2-ß-aminoethyl-quinoline derivatives of possible anti-malarial activity

It was shown by Roehl in 1926 that the antimalarial activity of chemical compounds could be conveniently tested by observing their effect on canaries infected with plasmodium relictum. The disease which this parasite produces in these birds bears a very close resemblance to human malaria. By the application of this technique the new synthetic antimalarial plasmoquin was discovered. In addition it afforded for the first time a standard method for the measurement and comparison of the antimalarial activity of all compounds likely to possess this property. It appears, however, that all compounds effective in the treatment of bird malaria are not necessarily so in their action towards human malaria. Demeplasmin, for example, is effective in the former whereas it is inactive in the latter. Nevertheless from wide experience Roehl's technique has proved generally applicable and may be considered the starting point of a thorough scientific investigation of the chemotherapy of malaria

Marine biological studies in relation to the operation of the Torrens Island Power Station

Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Adelaide, Department of Zoology, 197

Recommendations for Heartworm Therapy and Canine GDV: Heart Rhythm Disturbances

In recent months, several articles have appeared in lay magazines espousing the use of new drugs for heartworm prevention and treatment. Because of the popularity of these magazines and the so-called infallibility of the printed word, you may be asked to answer numerous questions on this subject from your clientele. Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV), otherwise known as bloat, is a critical and often fatal disease affecting dogs. A great deal of information relating to age, sex, breed, signs and symptoms associated with bloat in dogs has been obtained from clinical observations

Labor Law - NLRA - Roving Situs Picketing as Violation of Section 8(b)(4)(A)

Respondent union sought to organize the crane and dragline operators of a manufacturer of ready-mixed cement and posted pickets about the local manufacturing plant. During the working day each of the employer\u27s delivery trucks crossed the picket line at least twice. In addition, the union established a roving picket line which circulated about the manufacturer\u27s trucks while they were making deliveries to customers at local construction sites. The roving picketing lasted only so long as the workers of the primary employer remained on the customer\u27s premises. The pickets at all times stayed within six hundred feet of the trucks. The legend on their picket signs was explicit in stating that the dispute was only with the primary employer, and the picketers distributed handbills which set out with accuracy the nature of the strike. The regional director of the NLRB sought an injunction under section 10 (f), alleging a violation of section 8 (b) (4) (A), which proscribes secondary picketing. He adduced evidence to show that seven of the primary employer\u27s customers had ceased their purchases of cement from the manufacturer after the picketing had begun. Moreover, the union had made requests to customers to buy cement from other sources during the strike. Held, injunction granted. There were reasonable grounds for finding that one objective of the picketing was the encouragement of the neutral employees at the site to cease their work so long as the primary employer transacted business on the premises. Le Bus v. Locals 406, 406A, 406B and 406G, International Union of Operating Engineers, (E.D. La. 1956) 145 F. Supp. 316

Hyperglycaemia does not increase perfusion deficits after focal cerebral ischaemia in male Wistar rats

Background: Hyperglycaemia is associated with a worse outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients; yet the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced damage are poorly understood. We hypothesised that hyperglycaemia at the time of stroke onset exacerbates ischaemic brain damage by increasing the severity of the blood flow deficit. Methods: Adult, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive vehicle or glucose solutions prior to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cerebral blood flow was assessed semi-quantitatively either 1 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion using 99mTc-D, L-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) autoradiography or, in a separate study, using quantitative pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling for 4 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Diffusion weighted imaging was performed alongside pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling and acute lesion volumes calculated from apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Infarct volume was measured at 24 h using rapid acquisition with refocused echoes T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Glucose administration had no effect on the severity of ischaemia when assessed by either 99mTc-HMPAO autoradiography or pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling perfusion imaging. In comparison to the vehicle group, apparent diffusion coefficient–derived lesion volume 2–4 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion and infarct volume 24 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion were significantly greater in the glucose group. Conclusions: Hyperglycaemia increased acute lesion and infarct volumes but there was no evidence that the acute blood flow deficit was exacerbated. The data reinforce the conclusion that the detrimental effects of hyperglycaemia are rapid, and that treatment of post-stroke hyperglycaemia in the acute period is essential but the mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced harm remain unclear

Application of plasmonic nanomaterials in nanomedicine

Plasmonic nanoparticles are being researched as a noninvasive tool for ultrasensitive diagnostic, spectroscopic and, recently, therapeutic technologies. With particular antibody coatings on nanoparticles, they attach to the abnormal cells of interest (cancer or otherwise). Once attached, nanoparticles can be activated/heated with UV/visible/IR, RF or X-ray pulses, damaging the surrounding area of the abnormal cell to the point of death. Here, we describe an integrated approach to improved plasmonic therapy composed of nanomaterial optimization and the development of a theory for selective radiation nanophotothermolysis of abnormal biological cells with gold nanoparticles and selfassembled nanoclusters. The theory takes into account radiation-induced linear and nonlinear synergistic effects in biological cells containing nanostructures, with focus on optical, thermal, bubble formation and nanoparticle explosion phenomena. On the basis of the developed models, we discuss new ideas and new dynamic modes for cancer treatment by radiation activated nanoheaters, which involve nanocluster aggregation in living cells, microbubbles overlapping around laser-heated intracellular nanoparticles/ clusters, and laser thermal explosion mode of single nanoparticles (‘nanobombs’) delivered to the cells. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2058

Impact of imputation methods on the amount of genetic variation captured by a single-nucleotide polymorphism panel in soybeans

Background Success in genome-wide association studies and marker-assisted selection depends on good phenotypic and genotypic data. The more complete this data is, the more powerful will be the results of analysis. Nevertheless, there are next-generation technologies that seek to provide genotypic information in spite of great proportions of missing data. The procedures these technologies use to impute genetic data, therefore, greatly affect downstream analyses. This study aims to (1) compare the genetic variance in a single-nucleotide polymorphism panel of soybean with missing data imputed using various methods, (2) evaluate the imputation accuracy and post-imputation quality associated with these methods, and (3) evaluate the impact of imputation method on heritability and the accuracy of genome-wide prediction of soybean traits. The imputation methods we evaluated were as follows: multivariate mixed model, hidden Markov model, logical algorithm, k-nearest neighbor, single value decomposition, and random forest. We used raw genotypes from the SoyNAM project and the following phenotypes: plant height, days to maturity, grain yield, and seed protein composition. Results We propose an imputation method based on multivariate mixed models using pedigree information. Our methods comparison indicate that heritability of traits can be affected by the imputation method. Genotypes with missing values imputed with methods that make use of genealogic information can favor genetic analysis of highly polygenic traits, but not genome-wide prediction accuracy. The genotypic matrix captured the highest amount of genetic variance when missing loci were imputed by the method proposed in this paper. Conclusions We concluded that hidden Markov models and random forest imputation are more suitable to studies that aim analyses of highly heritable traits while pedigree-based methods can be used to best analyze traits with low heritability. Despite the notable contribution to heritability, advantages in genomic prediction were not observed by changing the imputation method. We identified significant differences across imputation methods in a dataset missing 20 % of the genotypic values. It means that genotypic data from genotyping technologies that provide a high proportion of missing values, such as GBS, should be handled carefully because the imputation method will impact downstream analysis

Evolutionary dynamics of coexisting species.

Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.Ever since Maynard-Smith and Price first introduced the concept of an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) in 1973, there has been a growing amount of work in and around this field. Many new concepts have been introduced, quite often several times over, with different acronyms by different authors. This led to other authors trying to collect and collate the various terms (for example Lessard, 1990 & Eshel, 1996) in order to promote better understanding ofthe topic. It has been noticed that dynamic selection did not always lead to the establishment of an ESS. This led to the development ofthe concept ofa continuously stable strategy (CSS), and the claim that dynamic selection leads to the establishment of an ESSif it is a CSS. It has since been proved that this is not always the case, as a CSS may not be able to displace its near neighbours in pairwise ecological competitions. The concept of a neighbourhood invader strategy (NIS) was introduced, and when used in conjunction with the concept of an ESS, produced the evolutionary stable neighbourhood invader strategy (ESNIS) which is an unbeatable strategy. This work has tried to extend what has already been done in this field by investigating the dynamics of coexisting species, concentrating on systems whose dynamics are governed by Lotka-Volterra competition models. It is proved that an ESNIS coalition is an optimal strategy which will displace any size and composition of incumbent populations, and which will be immune to invasions by any other mutant populations, because the ESNIS coalition, when it exists, is unique. It has also been shown that an ESNIS coalition cannot exist in an ecologically stable state with any finite number of strategies in its neighbourhood. The equilibrium population when the ESNIS coalition is the only population present is globally stable in a n-dimensional system (for finite n), where the ESNIS coalition interacts with n - 2 other strategies in its neighbourhood. The dynamical behaviour of coexisting species was examined when the incumbent species interacted with various invading species. The different behaviour ofthe incumbent population when invaded by a coalition using either an ESNIS or an NIS phenotype underlines the difference in the various strategies. Similar simulations were intended for invaders who were using an ESS phenotype, but unfortunately the ESS coalition could not be found. If the invading coalition use NIS phenotypes then the outcome is not certain. Some, but not all of the incumbents might become extinct, and the degree to which the invaders flourish is very dependent on the nature ofthe incumbents. However, if the invading species form an ESNIS coalition, one is certain of the outcome. The invaders will eliminate the incumbents, and stabilise at their equilibrium populations. This will occur regardless of the composition and number of incumbent species, as the ESNIS coalition forms a globally stable equilibrium point when it is at its equilibrium populations, with no other species present. The only unknown fact about the outcome in this case is the number ofgenerations that will pass before the system reaches the globally stable equilibrium consisting ofjust the ESNIS. For systems whose dynamics are not given by Lotka-Volterra equations, the existence ofa unique, globally stable ESNIS coalition has not been proved. Moreover, simulations of a non Lotka-Volterra system designed to determine the applicability ofthe proof were inconclusive, due to the ESS coalition not having unique population sizes. Whether or not the proof presented in this work can be extended to non Lotka-Volterra systems remains to be determined