The Urgency of Understanding Maqashid Al-Syariah In the Musyarakah Mutanaqishah Contract

From the standpoint of maqasid sharia, this study aims to investigate whether it is urgent to implement the musyarakah mutanaqishah contract in Islamic banking in Indonesia. This study collects data using a descriptive qualitative technique with documentation. Secondary information on sharia standards, legislative provisions, operational requirements for sharia banking, sharia fatwas, operational and implementation standards, and research findings pertinent to the topic of discussion were utilised in this study. The data is then analyzed inductively. Analysis of the urgency of understanding maqasyid sharia in applying the musyarakah mutanaqishah contract. The results of the study found that the importance of understanding maqasyid sharia in a musyarakah mutanaqishah contract is necessary, considering that the spirit of msyarakah mutanaqisyah is rukhshah as a form of relief, while Islam always encourages lightening the burdens of others in a way that is mutual profit and loss sharing. From the perspective of risk imposition and equitable cooperation, this is also seen to be an alternative to mudharabah financing in Islamic banking, although it is not in conformity with the maqashid sharia and the regulations that have so far been in place in Indonesi

Productivity of key informants for identifying blind children: evidence from a pilot study in Malawi.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the productivity of village-based 'key informants' (KIs) in identifying blind children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ngabu subdistrict (population 101,000) of Chikwawa district was divided into KI catchment areas. KIs, selected by local village leaders, were trained to register children reported to be blind or with severe visual impairment. These children were clinically assessed at designated centres. RESULTS: In total, 44 KIs were selected and trained to cover 196 villages in Ngabu. They identified and referred 151 children, 37 of whom were blind (presenting vision <3/60 best eye). Overall, village leaders tended to choose female KIs (80%) compared to male KIs (20%); however, male KIs tended to be more productive, identifying 4.22 children each (compared to 3.23 for female KIs). Male KIs were 2.7 times more likely to identify blind children compared to female KIs. Only 25% of all identified blind children of school going age were in school. CONCLUSIONS: KIs may be effective in identifying blind children in the community; however, additional work is needed to determine who will be the most effective KI in a community and whether gender roles will limit interpretation of findings from KIs activities

Finding children who are blind.

Children who are blind need to be found as early as possible so they can be examined, treated, referred, or rehabilitated. This is crucial if they are to have the best possible chance of proper childhood development, education, and participation in broader social life

Pemanfaatan Situs Edukatif Islami sebagai Sumber Belajar dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Online/Daring

During the Covid-19 pandemic which lasted for approximately three years starting from 2020 to 2022, the global community in general, including in Indonesia, especially in the scope of the world of education, migrated to digital platforms comprehensively, including all elements that support the continuity of the implementation of learning, including in it includes the ease of getting references as online/online learning resources. This convenience certainly has a dichotomy that needs to be addressed wisely because starting from the abundance of learning sites available on the internet, special criteria are needed in order to provide authentic and accountable learning resources

Investigation on the Mechanical, Microstructural, and Electrical Properties of Graphene Oxide-Cement Composite

Nanotechnology refers to the use of the materials or particles ranging from a few nanometers (nm) to 100 nanometers (nm) in a wide range of applications. Use of nanomaterials in cement composite to enhance the mechanical properties, fracture toughness and other functionalities has been studied for decades. In this regard, one of the carbon-based nanomaterials, Graphene Oxide (GO), has received attentions from researchers for its superior mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength, yield strength, and Young\u27s modulus). Although GO is not lucrative in increasing electrical conductivity (EC) of cement paste compared to that of graphene- another derivative of GO, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), might be a solution to increase EC. Another derivative of GO is the solution to the problem. In this research, the compressive strength and flexural strength of GO-cement composite (GOCC) and rGO-cement composite (rGOCC) have been investigated with 0.01% and 0.05% GO and rGO content. GOCC-0.05% showed 27% increase in compressive strength compared to the control cement paste after 28 days (d) of hydration. GOCC-0.01% showed only 3.4% increase in compressive strength compared to the control. rGOCC-0.05% showed 21% increase in compressive strength and 15.5% increase in Modulus of Rupture (MOR) compared to the control cement paste after 28 d of hydration. On the other hand, rGOCC-0.01% showed 7% increase in compressive strength and 0.35% increase in MOR after 28 d. GOCC-0.05% showed increasing trends in compressive strength after 28 d indicating continuation of hydration. Similarly, rGOCC-0.05% also showed increasing trends in compressive and flexural strength after 28 d, possibly due to the reason described earlier. Microstructural investigation on GOCC-0.05% and GOCC-0.01% by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) illustrated that the crystallite sizes of tobermorite-Å and jennite, which are mineralogical counterpart of disordered Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H), increases from 3 d to 28 d, representing the crystallite growth due to continued hydration. However, the crystallite size of GOCC-0.05% was smaller than that of GOCC-0.01% at both 3 d and 28 d, indicating finer nucleated grains. According to Hall-Petch equation, mechanical strength increases with decreasing particle size. Finer particles or grains can increase the strength in cement composites in several other ways: (1) GO acted as heterogeneous nucleation sites because of reactive functional groups. Activation energy was decreased by these defects in the cement paste, and consequently, numerous nuclei of C-S-H. with high surface area were formed, (2) because of finer grains, cracks are forced to move along a tortuous path, which makes the structure difficult to fail, and strength increased consequently (3) Finer grains of GOCC-0.05% created compacted hydration products decreasing porosity which can indirectly increase the strength. The above reasons, separately or in conjunction, might increase the strength of GOCC-0.05% and proved that GO is responsible for increasing heterogeneous nucleation sites during cement hydration. Early age hydration (EAH) characteristics were investigated for rGOCC specimens with 0.1% and 0.5% rGO content. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed to study the EAH characteristics. SEM/EDX, and XRD analysis were performed after 15 min, 1 h, 3 h and 24 h of hydration. (EAH) study on rGOCC-0.1% showed that at 15 min hydration, numerous precipitates of, possibly, C-S-H formed along the grain boundary (GB) of unhydrated cement grains. This served as visual confirmation of Thomas and Scherer\u27s Boundary Nucleation and Growth (BNG) model that hydration of cement grains was initiated by the short burst of nucleation of C-S-H embryos along GB. EDX on rGOCC-0.1% and rGOCC-0.5% showed that Ca/Si ratio in C-S-H was ~2.0. This finding indicated that C-S-H structure in this study was concurrent with that of impure jennite. XRD analysis also evidently showed that jennite was present, possibly possessing a short range ordered (SRO) structure, referring to local crystalline structure in a very short area. After consulting Chen\u27s work, it would be appropriate to say that C-S-H found in this study resembled more as C-S-H (II), which is disordered jennite. It was also observed that as expected with cement with nanomaterials, with continuing hydration, pore spaces were filled with hydration products such as C-S-H, ettringite, CH, sulfoaluminates etc,. Lastly, Electrical resistivity (ER) testing on 9 sets of rGOCC specimens was conducted. The specimen includes 0.5%, 1%, 5% rGO content, and the control conditioned in both oven dry (OD) and saturated surface dry (SSD). ER increased with the increase of rGO content from 0.5% and 1% compared to that of the control. However, the ER of rGOCC-5% was significantly decreased, showing 93% reduction compared to the control, which can be interpreted as a threshold value for sensing applications to be explored. As expected, large reduction of ER value occurred on the specimens with the SSD condition. This reduction can be attributed to the ionic conduction though the pore solution of the composites. As the rGO content increased, so did the potential nucleation sites for hydration (as can be seen in SEM images), which might block the number of contact points among the rGO, resulting in low conduction and high resistivity. However, as rGO content increased to 5%, the contact areas/points increased to a degree that could trump the nucleation seeding sites, resulting in decreased ER. The ER measured with the rGOCC specimens was comparable to that of cement composites incorporating carbon fibers (CF), and steel fibers, but higher content of rGO are required to have a similar ER range of those fiber cement composites. This might be due to smaller sizes of rGO sheets and lower aspect ratio compared to other nanofibers causing drastic reduction of electron tunneling mechanism compared to other fibers

Blindness and cataract in children in developing countries

Blindness in children is considered a priority area for VISION 2020, as visually impaired children have a lifetime of blindness ahead of them. Various studies across the globe show that one-third to half of childhood blindness is either preventable or treatable1 and that cataract is the leading treatable cause of blindness in children.The 8th General Assembly of the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) provided an opportunity to be acquainted with recent research and programme development work in the prevention of childhood blindness

SYNTEZA TRAJEKTORII PROGRAMOWYCH ROBOTA MANIPULACYJNEGO PRZY OGRANICZENIACH W POSTACI PRZESZKÓD

The paper presents a method of synthesis of manipulation robot motion trajectory according to mobility degrees. The configuration of the manipulator parts and obstacles are approximated by semiinfinite spaces limited by planes. The fact of robot collision with obstacles is reduced to the problem of determining the compatibility of systems of linear inequalities. The authors developed an algorithm for solving the problem based on dynamic programming method.Przedstawiono metodę syntezy trajektorii ruchu robota manipulacyjnego wg stopni swobody. Konfiguracja położenia robota i przeszkód jest przybliżona półprzestrzenią ograniczoną płaszczyznami. Fakt zderzenia robota z przeszkodami ograniczono do problemu określenia zgodności systemów nierówności liniowych. Opracowano algorytm rozwiązywania zadań na podstawie metody programowania dynamicznego

Twenty years of childhood blindness: what have we learnt?

Over the last 20 years, much has been achieved in controlling blindness in children. Prior to the launch of VISION 2020, a number of international initiatives and programmes had raised the profile and increased interventions for child health and survival, which also had a positive impact on eye diseases and blindness in children, e.g. the Expanded Programme for Immunisation (EPI )(1974) and the Global School Health Initiative (1995). Since 2000, the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals have emphasised the need to promote child health and survival

Konvansiyonel Tedavilere ve Splenektomiye Refrakter Primer Myelofibrozisli Olguda Ruxolitinib Deneyimi

A 67-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with primary myelofibrosis 4 years ago did not respond to conventional therapies. The splenomegaly progressively increased, which caused spleen infarctions and led to the decision to perform a splenectomy procedure. After splenectomy, the patient started treatment with ruxolitinib. In the first month of ruxolitinib treatment, the patient became transfusion-free and all constitutional symptoms disappeared. However, in the sixth month of ruxolitinib treatment, the disease transformed to acute myeloblastic leukemia, and the patient died 1 month later. This is the first case report that shows the effects of ruxolitinib in a splenectomized patient