Pemerangkapan Garam Ammonium Sulfat dan Zeolit.

Modifikasi zeolit alam menjadi material penyinipan Kara telah dilakukan dengan cara impregnasi basah. Impregnasi dilakukan dengan merendam zeolit dalam larutan ammonium sulfat pada konsentrasi 13,2% - 39,6% (b/v) dengan selang 6.6%. Kalsinasi zeolit dilakukan pada 250°C selama 4 jam. Karakterisasi zeolit hasil impregnasi dilakukan menggunakan difraktometer sinar X dan spektrofotometer IR. Kapasitas adsorpsi dan laju desorpsi ditentukan dengan cara gravimetri. Disimpulkan bahwa molekul ammonium sulfat terperangkap dalam zeolit dalam bentuk koktaite. Kapasitas adsorpsi zeolit terbesar adalah 2,95 mmol/g, konstanta laju desorpsi terrendah adalah 0,1261 jam" I. Modification of natural zeolites to saving nutrient material by wet impregnation methode has been done. Impregnation was carried out by immersed zolites in ammonium sulfat solution at 13.2 — 39.6% (w/v) concentration with interval 6.6%. Zeolites was calcinated at 250°C for four hours. Characterization of product was done by using X Ray Difraktorneter and IR spectrophotometer, Adsorption capasity and desorpsion rate determinated by gravimetry methode. It was concluded that ammonium sulfat was occluded in zeolites as koktaite. The highest of adsorpsion capasity is 2.95 mmol/g, the lower desorpstion rate constant is 0.1261h-1

KOMBINASI SIMULTAN METODE ELKTROKOAGULASI – KOAGULASI KIMIA AIR LIMBAH WASHING INDUSTRI GARMENT PT. DAEHAN GLOBAL 2

Waste wasing garment industry without first processing, extremely polluting. Processing has been performed using a combination of electrocoagulation with chemical coagulation simultaneously to reduce the contamination of the waste. Waste has been at the optimization of the strong currents, contact time, electrode spacing, and number of electrodes. Further optimum conditions combined with weight coagulant type and variation. The results showed the optimum conditions COD removal, ie at a current of 2 Ampere, a distance of 1 cm, 1 pair of electrodes, the contact time of 45 minutes and PAC 0.25 gL-1 . Simultaneous combination of electrocoagulation with chemical coagulation method for waste treatment garment obtained COD removal efficiency of 83%, turbidity up to 100 %

KARAKTERISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JARAK PAGAR (jatropha curcas L.)

Biodiesel was the process of esterification and transesterification of jatropha oil has a yield of 50% of dry jatropha seeds. Physicochemical characteristics of biodieselfrom jatropha curcas L.), among others, specific gravity (0.89 g/L), acid number (0.549 mg KOH/g), iod number (65.79 gI2/100g), and hydroxy numbers entered into theIndonesian Biodiesel Quality Standards, except for viscosity (9,7 cSt). Characteristics of Fourier Transformation Infrared spectra showed that the absence of the intensity of the OH group show has been a process of methylation of castor oil fatty acids. The composition of fatty acid methyl esters of biodiesel was dominated by the acid that has a double chain of oleic and linoleic acid. These compounds were dominated by oleic acid (39.33%), linoleic (27%), palmitic acid (11.14%) and stearic acid (5.11%)

KARAKTERISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JARAK PAGAR (jatropha curcas L.)

Biodiesel was the process of esterification and transesterification of jatropha oil has a yield of 50% of dry jatropha seeds. Physicochemical characteristics of biodieselfrom jatropha curcas L.), among others, specific gravity (0.89 g/L), acid number (0.549 mg KOH/g), iod number (65.79 gI2/100g), and hydroxy numbers entered into theIndonesian Biodiesel Quality Standards, except for viscosity (9,7 cSt). Characteristics of Fourier Transformation Infrared spectra showed that the absence of the intensity of the OH group show has been a process of methylation of castor oil fatty acids. The composition of fatty acid methyl esters of biodiesel was dominated by the acid that has a double chain of oleic and linoleic acid. These compounds were dominated by oleic acid (39.33%), linoleic (27%), palmitic acid (11.14%) and stearic acid (5.11%)

KARAKTERISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JARAK PAGAR (jatropha curcas L.)

Biodiesel was the process of esterification and transesterification of jatropha oil has a yield of 50% of dry jatropha seeds. Physicochemical characteristics of biodieselfrom jatropha curcas L.), among others, specific gravity (0.89 g/L), acid number (0.549 mg KOH/g), iod number (65.79 gI2/100g), and hydroxy numbers entered into theIndonesian Biodiesel Quality Standards, except for viscosity (9,7 cSt). Characteristics of Fourier Transformation Infrared spectra showed that the absence of the intensity of the OH group show has been a process of methylation of castor oil fatty acids. The composition of fatty acid methyl esters of biodiesel was dominated by the acid that has a double chain of oleic and linoleic acid. These compounds were dominated by oleic acid (39.33%), linoleic (27%), palmitic acid (11.14%) and stearic acid (5.11%)

Hidrogel Superabsorben Berbasis Natrium Alginat-Bentonit sebagai Pelapis Pupuk Lepas Lambat

The application of slow-release fertilizer in agriculture is currently very necessary because of its performance that can control the release of fertilizer. However, the case of excessive use of urea on agricultural land has the potential to cause water pollution because the process of nitrification produces nitrite ions that are toxic and eutrophication of water and prevent harmful N2O gas emissions. This research has been done making urea slow-release fertilizer in the form of superabsorbent hydrogel with crosslink method and bentonite coating technique by sodium alginate. The hydrogels formed characterized its structure and morphology with FTIR and SEM-EDS, as well as swelling tests to see its ability to store water. Furthermore, to test the performance of hydrogel as a slow-release fertilizer is carried out urea release test at various pH and times. The results showed that urea fertilizer has filled the structure and surface of hydrogel with a swelling ratio of 2.894,30% (BAC1) and 3.428,52% (BAC2). The addition of CaCl2 crosslinking agent provides increased gelation power, swelling, and adsorption capacity against urea in addition to the urea release process is not affected by pH

Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Biolarvicide to Aedes aegypti from Cocok Bubu (Elatostema rostratum (Blume) Hassk) Leaves Extract

Tropical diseases are infectious diseases that commonly occur in tropical climates. Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and are transmitted by several vectors. There are 8 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that have spread in Indonesia. Therefore, massive efforts are needed to overcome this disease. Active plant substances have long been popular in treating various diseases. Cocok Bubu (Elatostema rostratum (Blume) Hassk) is an endemic plant of Indonesia. Ethnobotanical studies of this plant are used to treat fever and diarrhea. But, there are no pharmacological studies on previous research because this species belongs to a limited distribution plant. However, Elatostema has a secondary metabolite with various pharmacological activities. This study aims to determine the activity of antibacterial and biolarvicides from Cocok bubu leaf extract. The extraction using the maceration method with acetone, phytochemicals screening, toxicity test using BSLT, antibacterial test with disc diffusion to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutant, and Streptococcus sanguinis, and biolarvicide activity against Aedes aegypti. Based on the results, Cocok bubu leaf extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin, tannin, terpenoids, and steroids with a toxicity of 758.45 ppm. From antibacterial activity results, Cocok bubu exctract had the best inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus (10 – 18 mm). According to the biolarvicide test, it is effective as a biolarvicide to Aedes aegypti with LC50 51.099 ppm and LT50 of 5 h 43 min. This study shows that Cocok bubu was more effective for treating and preventing NTDs in Indonesia, especially dengue and chikungunya fever in the future

Pemerangkapan Ammonium (NH4 +) dari Urine Dengan Zeolit Pada Berbagai Variasi Konsentrasi Urine

Urine sebagai limbah yang mengandung nitrogen dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pupuk.Akan tetapi, pada kondisi tertentu dalam air, urea mempunyai ion ammonium yang dapatberubah menjadi nitrit yang bersifat racun atau berubah menjadi ammoniak yang dapatmencemari udara. Untuk mencegah masalah lingkungan tersebut dan efisiensi pupuk makadigunakan zeolit untuk memperlambat dan mencegah perubahan ion ammonium menjadi ionyang bersifat racun. Salah satu sifat zeolit adalah mampu menyerap (adsorpsi) zat organikmaupun zat anorganik dan penukar kation ( ion exchanger) (Dixon, 1989). Ion ammoniummemiliki peluang terbesar untuk terserap dalam zeolit dengan cara penukaran kation. Salah satumetode analisis terhadap daya adsorpsi zeolit adalah metode impregnasi basah, dimana zeolitdirendam dalam berbagai konsentrasi urine 0%(Zo), 5%(Z1), 10%(Z2), 15%(Z3), 20%(Z4) dan25%(Z5). Analisis NH4+dalam filtrate hasil impregnasi zeolit menggunakan spektrofotometerUV/Vis adalah Zo (urine awal) berkisar 72,513 mg/L, Z1 (60,951 mg/L), Z2 (62,191 mg/L), Z3 (69,072 mg/L), Z4 (51,243 mg/L) dan Z5 (58,750 mg/L). Maka didapat kapasitas adsorpsiterbesar adalah pada konsentrasi Z4 yaitu berkisar 21,270 mg/L. Karakterisasi zeolit hasilimpregnasi menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR terhadap zeolit Zo dan Z4, nampakpuncak/spektra baru pada 1427 cm-1 merupakan ammonium (NH4+) yang terperangkap olehzeolit dalam bentuk garam ammonium

Synthesis and Characterization of Controlled-Release Urea Fertilizer from Superabsorbent Hydrogels

It is very important to develop controlled-release fertilizers to ensure efficiency and environmental protection. This study aims to make a superabsorbent hydrogel-based controlled-release urea fertilizer. Superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared from the cellulose of corn cobs cross-linking with epichlorohydrin, and then an amount of urea as a fertilizer was stored inside the hydrogels (GEL-A). The GEL-A functionalization with carboxy-methyl was also carried out in this study to improve the hydrophilicity of hydrogels (GEL-B). GEL-A and GEL-B were immersed in water at a certain pH and temperature range and the urea concentration released from the hydrogels was monitored by a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the urea released by GEL-A and GEL-B was not much different. Respectively, the urea efficiency of GEL-A and GEL-Bwas around 5.29% and 5.56% for 180 min. The urea released from both hydrogels was not significantly affected by changes in the temperature of the solution. Urea release was influenced by pH, and the rate of urea release of GEL-B was faster than GEL-A, so pH control was needed in the application of this slow-release fertilizer