On the Fly Access Request Authentication: Two-Layer Password-Based Access Control Systems for Securing Information

In the digital era, most of our highly sensitive documents are stored in computers. These documents are in a great threat unless protected using appropriate measures. Despite their several imperfections, passwords are becoming the de-facto mechanism for securing documents stored in local directories or on the websites. In this scheme users protect their documents using passwords. In order for such scheme to work, the passwords must be stored in the file system either in plain or hashed form so that they can be used as references when information is requested. This paper proposes innovative password-based protection system. Although the proposed system uses passwords for document protection, it proposes a completely different way of using and managing these passwords. Our system protects a stored document in terms of both the document itself and the password. Both the document’s content and the password are used along with random noises to generate security code that serves as a reference when the document is requested. The security code is neither reversible nor reproducible without a full knowledge of the password and the content of the document. The users of our system keep their passwords and provide them only when they first store the document and when they later request document retrieval. The passwords are never stored neither in their plain nor hashed forms. Experiments with our prototype implementation showed that our protection scheme is effective and passed important security tests

Maternal factors associated with the breastfeeding Status in Sana'a, Yemen

A survey was conducted during April-May 2013 in Sana'a City, Yemen, and 319 mothers from Sana'a City were interviewed about breastfeeding practices. Each mother had a living child aged less than 12 months. About 84% of mothers were breastfed their infants in the first month and the median of duration of breastfeeding was found only a half month. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that mothers aged 30 or more years are likely higher to continue breastfeeding than younger women. Educated mothers are more likely to continue breastfeeding than illiterate mothers. Housewives are likely higher to breastfeed than those who are working. Mothers who initiated breastfeeding at less than two hours are likely to continue breastfeeding. Mothers who have more than one child are likely to wean earlier than mothers with more than one child. Key Words: Breastfeeding, Maternal factors, logistic regression

THE ROLE OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING IN MAPPING THE DISTRIBUTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES

Technology offers a means to assess, plan, and implement sustainable programmes that can affect us into the future. A GIS-based framework helps gain a scientific understanding of the earth at a truly global scale. GIS with updated data helps people to know what happens in our planet, how climate takes place and where impacts of climate change affect people. Remote sensing was also identified as a foundational technology. Tying in remote sensing technologies and data with GIS is a powerful combination of understanding spatial patterns in the earth’s ever changing surface. Combining Remote sensing information in a GIS allows us to track, model, and observe climate trends across the planet’s surface. (Jack Dangermond, 2010)

Sana’a and Women in Al-Maqalih’s Book of Sana’a Yemen

This paper aims to find out Sana'a's imageries in Al-Maqalih's book of Sana’a. It argues that Al-Maqalih has intensely and extensively used Sana’a as a metaphor. The analytical method has been used to analyze the Al-Maqalih's poems.  Interviews with Al-Maqalih was carried out to clarify ambiguity in some of his poems. This study finds that Sana’a is metaphorically used by Al-Maqalih as poet’s beloved, as Ageless (Eternal Beautiful woman) and as a revolutionary and fighter woman, as Eve the wife of Adam (Ghaiman), the mother of poets and poetry, as a nymph, and an older woman

The right to a fair trial under Saudi Law of Criminal Procedure: a human rights critique

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThis study examines the compatibility of the Law of Criminal Procedure of 2001 in Saudi Arabia with the international human rights standards, and provides recommendations for criminal procedure reforms. The recent developments in the Saudi Arabian criminal justice system make it important to examine the right to a fair trial within the legal system of Saudi Arabia. This study starts by examining the international human rights standards related to the right to a fair trial and the right to a fair trial under the Saudi Arabian legal system. The study then examines the extent to which Shariah law recognizes the international human rights standards related to the right to a fair trial. This will involve the sources of Shariah and the school of thought in the Islamic jurisprudence as well as the crimes and punishments in Islamic law. The main argument is highlighted in Chapters Four and Five of this research, the former of which study the pre-trial process in the Saudi Law of Criminal Procedure in the light of international human rights standards, and the latter has evaluated the right to a fair trial under Saudi Arabia legal system. Various cases are examined in these two chapters, and the sources of those cases vary in terms of the level; for instance, some of them were provided by the General Court in Riyadh; others were provided by the Supreme Judicial Council; and others were obtained from the Modawanat-Al-Ahkam, which is the publication of the Ministry of Justice containing a variety of cases. Cases in the international domain were brought mainly from the Working Group of Arbitrary Detention in the HRC. The study provides suggestions necessary for the Law of Criminal Procedure in relation to specific articles

Patterns of Consonant Clusters in Word Initial, Medial, and Final Positions in Yemeni Arabic

Yemeni Arabic (YA) has a significant number of consonant clusters in word initial, medial, and final positions. However, their frequency of usage is not uniform. This study aims to investigate the patterns of consonant clusters in word initial, medial, and final positions in YA and also to find out the most and least frequent clusters in terms of their percentage. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in data analysis in this study. All the words were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). There are features of consonant clusters in Yemeni Arabic which differ from Modern Standard Arabic and some other Arabic dialects. In Yemeni Arabic, there are 29 consonants and 10 vowels, 5 long and 5 short vowels. The maximum number of onset cluster is three (e.g. /∫tsu:q/ “she will drive” while coda cluster is two (e.g. /satˤħ/ “roof”). Furthermore, the maximum number of medial clusters are also two (e.g. /muχ.lsˤu/ “sincere”. The analysis undertaken will throw light on the frequency and percentages of the occurrences of the consonant clusters on the basis of a word list, which is justified with the help of statistical support

A Structural-Functional Analysis of the Poetics of Arabic Qaṣīdah: An Ethnolinguistic Study of Three Qaṣīdahs on Colonial Conquest of Africa by Al-ḥājj ῾Umar b. Abī Bakr b. ῾Uthmān Krachi (1858-1934)

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, 2015This study examines three poems composed by a West African Muslim scholar known by the name Alḥājj 'Umar b. Abi Bakr b. 'Uthman Krachi (1858-1934). He was born in the Northern Nigerian city of Kano where he completed his education. He then settled in the mid-Volta region of present-day Ghana to teach, write and serve as community leader. This moment coincided with intensive colonial invasions into the region and Alḥājj 'Umar viewed it all with mixed feelings of presentiment and hope. Within a period of seven years, he composed the three poems which came to be known as his "colonial poems" to give account of the historical clashes between the European forces and Africans that culminated into the official establishment of colonial administration across the region. The first two poems were composed in Arabic in 1899 and 1900 respectively, while the last one was composed in 1907 in Hausa Ajami (the native language of the poet). The three poetic narratives are considered from a structural-functional analytic perspective derived from the theoretical formulations of van Gennep and Victor Turner regarding the ritual transformational tripartite process of the Rite of Passage. Following Professor Suzanne Stetkevych's pioneering study of the Arabic qaṣīdah, 'Umar's qaṣīdah have been examined as representing the trajectory of a life-changing ritual transformation in the poet's world view (as well as Africa generally) motivated by the European colonial invasion of Africa from 1884 to around 1910. The tripartite structures of the poems (the nasib or prelude, the rahil or journey and the ghard or closure) are analyzed on the basis of the tripartite structure of the rite of passage: pre-liminal/separation, liminal/margin, post-liminal/re-aggregation that correspond to the symbolic ritual process of the poet's psychological transformation

Physical and Inorganic Chemical Studies of Some Ruthenium Complexes

Abstract Not Provided

Power straggles and trade in the gulf 1620-1820

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