101 research outputs found

    Career Development an Imperative of Job Satisfaction and Career Commitment: Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Employees in Banking Sector

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    The idea of strengthening human capital to beginning creativeness, business soul, and advancement through preparing the careers of institutional members using HRM policies and methods to develop different skills, mindsets and expertise with the ultimate aim to provide a range of innovative goods and services is gaining attention. The overall perspective for the research study was to discover the effects and outcomes of profession growth initiatives on companies and employees. The survey is conducted to collect data from the Banking sector in Islamabad and sample selected is of five major private banks. The data is analyzed by using SPSS and Amos to authenticate the model and propositions made by the researcher. Organizations invest resources in profession growth kinds of actions for recruiting, there tends to be less investment in similar kinds of actions for worker retention. This paper examines the link between profession preparing and profession control as antecedents of profession growth and job fulfillment, and profession dedication as its outcome. There is a significant link between the factors of profession preparing and profession control, and profession growth, and in turn, with job fulfillment and profession dedication. The paper converses about the significances of these conclusions for career development

    Modeling Wastewater Evolution and Management Options under Variable Land Use Scenarios

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    The development of a reliable decision support system and predictions for water quantity and quality often require a reasonable level of environmental and hydrological simulations at various geographic scales. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model offers distributed parameter and continuous time simulation, and flexible watershed configuration and with the adoption of geographic information system (GIS) technology, a user-friendly and interactive decision support system can be developed for wastewater management. In this chapter, we evaluated the spatio-temporal evolution of wastewater contaminants in an environmentally degraded watershed through integrated field-based investigations and modeling approach. Later, management options were identified to improve the watershed health and agro-environment. The results of the modeling study exhibited variable responses of surface runoff and water quality to different scenarios of land use change. Temporal wastewater analysis indicated a significant impact of seasonality on the contaminants’ population levels. The adopted approach would prove effective in evaluating better management options to reduce negative impacts of wastewater and contaminants for sustainable agro-environment in future

    Flow-Based Rules Generation for Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning Approach

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    Rapid increase in internet users also brought new ways of privacy and security exploitation. Intrusion is one of such attacks in which an authorized user can access system resources and is major concern for cyber security community. Although AV and firewall companies work hard to cope with this kind of attacks and generate signatures for such exploits but still, they are lagging behind badly in this race. This research proposes an approach to ease the task of rules generationby making use of machine learning for this purpose. We used 17 network features to train a random forest classifier and this trained classifier is then translated into rules which can easily be integrated with most commonly used firewalls like snort and suricata etc. This work targets five kind of attacks: brute force, denial of service, HTTP DoS, infiltrate from inside and SSH brute force. Separate rules are generated for each kind of attack. As not every generated rule contributes toward detection that's why an evaluation mechanism is also used which selects the best rule on the basis of precision and f-measure values. Generated rules for some attacks have 100% precision with detection rate of more than 99% which represents effectiveness of this approach on traditional firewalls. As our proposed system translates trained classifier model into set of rules for firewalls so it is not only effective for rules generation but also give machine learning characteristics to traditional firewall to some extent.&nbsp

    Development of a Powerful Product: Evidence from Pakistan

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    The development of a powerful product and the deliverance of recognized support quality are premised by staff's capability to provide on client objectives. No concern has been given, however, to knowing the ‘added value’ exemplified in an organization’s product due to the operant sources (skills and knowledge) provided by the organization’s individual investment. This research, therefore, examines the differential impact that internal focused projects have on an organization’s individual investment and its following impact on the organization’s product, from the worker's viewpoint. In-depth discussions were performed with workers across a variety of support sectors and the results provide a knowing into the development of worker product dedication. Furthermore, this empirical research provides a powerful foundation for upcoming research in this region. Keywords: employees, brand commitment, internal brandin

    Myoglobin-Based Classification of Minced Meat Using Hyperspectral Imaging

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    Minced meat substitution is one of the most common frauds which not only affects consumer health but impacts their lifestyles and religious customs as well. A number of methods have been proposed to overcome these frauds; however, these mostly rely on laboratory measures and are often subject to human error. Therefore, this study proposes novel hyperspectral imaging (400–1000 nm) based non-destructive isos-bestic myoglobin (Mb) spectral features for minced meat classification. A total of 60 minced meat spectral cubes were pre-processed using true-color image formulation to extract regions of interest, which were further normalized using the Savitzky–Golay filtering technique. The proposed pipeline outperformed several state-of-the-art methods by achieving an average accuracy of 88.88%

    Incidence of \u3ci\u3eSpodoptera litura\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its feeding potential on various citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) cultivars in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan

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    Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adversely affects important crops such as cotton, okra, tomato, potato, and pumpkin. For the first time, this species was observed in a citrus nursery in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan. The principal objectives of this study were to determine the effects of several citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) cultivars, including Citrus reticulata Blanco (Feutrell’s Early, Seedless Kinnow, and Fairchild mandarin orange) and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (grapefruit), on feeding by S. litura, and the effects of these plants on the growth of the insect. Based on performance of 3rd instars, Feutrell’s Early and Seedless Kinnow supported maximum relative growth rates, high efficiencies of conversion of ingested food, and high levels of leaf consumption and larval weight gain, relative to the other citrus cultivars. Values of these parameters were lowest on grapefruit. Thus, the mandarin oranges Feutrell’s Early and Seedless Kinnow were more susceptible to damage than grapefruit. Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es una plaga muy importante que ataca adversamente a muchos cultivos importantes tales como algodón, okra, jitomate, papa, y calabaza. Se reporta por primera vez a S. litura atacando en un vivero de cítricos (Sapindales: Rutaceae) en la región de Sargodha, Pakistán. Los objetvos principales de este estudio fueron determinar los efectos del potencial alimenticio de S. litura sobre diferentes variedades de cítricos incluyendo a Citrus reticulata Blanco (Feutrell’s Early, Seedless Kinnow, Fairchild) and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (toronja). El potencial alimenticio de larvas de tercer estadio sugieren que Feutrell’s Early y Seedless Kinnow soportan mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR) así como los valores más altos de eficiencia de conversión de alimento ingerido (ECI), y consumo de área foliar entre las variedades de cítricos. Los valores más bajos de estos parámetros fueron observados en la variedad de toronja. Los resultados indicaron que Feutrell’s Early y Seedless Kinnow fueron las variedades más nutritivas y susceptibles entre las variedades cítricos ya que mostraron los valores más grandes de TCR, ECI, ganancia de peso larvario, consume de área foliar y pérdida de peso de follaje; por el contrario, en la variedad de toronja se corroboró como la menos nutritiva para S. litura, ya que produjo los valores más bajos de TCR and peso de excretas (PE)

    Incidence of \u3ci\u3eSpodoptera litura\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its feeding potential on various citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) cultivars in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan

    Get PDF
    Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adversely affects important crops such as cotton, okra, tomato, potato, and pumpkin. For the first time, this species was observed in a citrus nursery in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan. The principal objectives of this study were to determine the effects of several citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) cultivars, including Citrus reticulata Blanco (Feutrell’s Early, Seedless Kinnow, and Fairchild mandarin orange) and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (grapefruit), on feeding by S. litura, and the effects of these plants on the growth of the insect. Based on performance of 3rd instars, Feutrell’s Early and Seedless Kinnow supported maximum relative growth rates, high efficiencies of conversion of ingested food, and high levels of leaf consumption and larval weight gain, relative to the other citrus cultivars. Values of these parameters were lowest on grapefruit. Thus, the mandarin oranges Feutrell’s Early and Seedless Kinnow were more susceptible to damage than grapefruit. Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es una plaga muy importante que ataca adversamente a muchos cultivos importantes tales como algodón, okra, jitomate, papa, y calabaza. Se reporta por primera vez a S. litura atacando en un vivero de cítricos (Sapindales: Rutaceae) en la región de Sargodha, Pakistán. Los objetvos principales de este estudio fueron determinar los efectos del potencial alimenticio de S. litura sobre diferentes variedades de cítricos incluyendo a Citrus reticulata Blanco (Feutrell’s Early, Seedless Kinnow, Fairchild) and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (toronja). El potencial alimenticio de larvas de tercer estadio sugieren que Feutrell’s Early y Seedless Kinnow soportan mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR) así como los valores más altos de eficiencia de conversión de alimento ingerido (ECI), y consumo de área foliar entre las variedades de cítricos. Los valores más bajos de estos parámetros fueron observados en la variedad de toronja. Los resultados indicaron que Feutrell’s Early y Seedless Kinnow fueron las variedades más nutritivas y susceptibles entre las variedades cítricos ya que mostraron los valores más grandes de TCR, ECI, ganancia de peso larvario, consume de área foliar y pérdida de peso de follaje; por el contrario, en la variedad de toronja se corroboró como la menos nutritiva para S. litura, ya que produjo los valores más bajos de TCR and peso de excretas (PE)

    Modeling an Agent for Paper Generation System using Utility Based Approach

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    Test paper generation for examination in various level of education is one of the most preliminary requirements. Preparing and processing a test paper has vital place at every stage of E-education system. Most subsisting systems automate test paper generation by randomly selecting question items from knowledgebase/database. Usually these systems have no concern about difficulty level of question items. Some intelligent systems have been developed. But mostly it considers difficulty level at the time of assessment. Some other intelligent system gives approximate solutions for producing a test paper while considering difficulty level and type etc.  Unlike the existing test paper generators, our utility based test paper agent chooses question items in such a way that the difficulty level of each question item takes part in computing exact difficulty level of test paper. Proposed Utility based test paper agent (UBTPAgent) picks the question items with its utility value. Hence provides exact difficulty level for whole paper as required by user. So test papers on the same level are different on basis of culled difficulty level. In design phase examiner creates a knowledgebase of questions for UBTPAgent by assigning some utility values with every question on which our selection algorithm operates. Whenever a test paper is required examiner provides difficulty level for test paper. And on the behalf of examiner UBTPAgent selects question with utility value in such a way the total of utility value is equal to required difficulty level. Later, a test paper is produced by test paper generator according to difficulty level specified by examiner. As percentage for any test paper is 1 to 100 percent for any test paper, therefore, 100 difficulty levels are available for any test paper. Here, selected difficulty level is for the entire paper. Finally, UBTPAgent model is proposed, implemented by providing algorithm, executed using case study, and tested to ensure the feasibility of this approach

    HEMATOLOGICAL VARIATIONS AND ASSESMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SINDH SPARROW (PASSER PYRRHONOTUS) AS A BIOINDICATOR IN PUNJAB AREAS OF PAKISTAN

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    Sindh sparrows, prevalent in Sindh region of Pakistan, are non-migratory birds abundant in human-inhabited areas globally, except Antarctica. Given their close association with human settlements, these birds serve as crucial indicators for biological monitoring in regions affected by pollution. This study focused on assessing the hematological parameters and heavy metal concentrations in various organs of Sindh sparrows in the Punjab regions of Pakistan. The collected blood samples underwent analysis for hematological indices and heavy metal concentrations. The results indicated variability in hematological analysis of sparrows. Fluctuations were observed in the concentrations of different heavy metals, with significant differences in zinc and iron, while chromium, cadmium, and nickel concentrations showed non-significant differences. The patterns of heavy metal accumulation revealed higher concentrations of chromium, nickel, and iron in the liver, contrasting with the cadmium and zinc in kidneys. In conclusion, significant correlations were observed among the concentrations of Zinc, Chromium, Cadmium, Nickel, and Iron in kidney, liver, and muscles of both male and female Sindh sparrows. The findings underscore the need for further comprehensive studies to assess heavy metal accumulation in birds, highlighting the urgency to address environmental pollution that poses risks to avian species and human populations worldwide
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