The influence of Giberellic acid on the growth of Panicum maximum Jacq. grown under two levels of Nitrogen

Satu percubaan telah dijalankan untuk memerhati pengaruh tiga paras (0, 50 dan 100 bahagian sejuta) asid giberelik (GA) da.n dua paras (200 dan 400 kg ha-I ) baja Nitrogen (N) ke atas has·a dan pengeluaran anak rumput Guinea (Panicum maximum) di dalam keadaan tropika selama tiga kali pemotongan. Keputusan yang telah didapati ialah hasil dan pengeluaran anak bertambah dengan bertambahnya N manakala GA tidak mempengaruhi hasillpokok dan mengurangkan, dengan bererti, bilangan anaklpokok menyebabkan hasillanak bertambah bagi pokok yang dirawatkan dengan GA. Percubaan oleh Whitney et al (1973) menunjukkan bahawa GA boleh digunakan untuk menambahkan hasil herba bagi Digitaria decumbens dan Pennisetum clandestinum jika rawatan dibuat dimusim sejuk; tetapi pengaruh GA ke atas pengeluaran herba tidak ketara apabila rawatan dibuat di dalam keadaan tropika seperti di Cuba (Herrera dan Suarez, 1975) dan jua seperti di dalam percubaan ini. Adalah didapati bahawa pokok yang dirawatkan dengan GA adalah lebih tinggi dan aturan daun dibatangnya lebih jarak membolehkan lebih banyak cahaya menembusi rumpun rumput. Oleh itu adalah dicadangkan di sini bahawa pokok yang dirawatkan dengan GA boleh ditanam dengan lebih rapat untuk menambahkan hasil herbalyunit kawasan

Potential productivity of hydroponically-grown tomatoes ill the Genting Highlands, Malaysia

Five trials were carried out to assess the potential productivity of tomatoes in a deep culture hydroponic system in Genting Highlands (1,200 m a.s.l.), Malaysia. The tomatoes were maintained as single-stemmed plants using the layering and vertical methods of plant training. Determinate and indeterminate varieties producing large, medium and small-sized fruits were investigated in these trials. Under the layering system, the indeterminate plants could last for nine months but if crops were kept for only six months, two crops per year could be produced with a potential yield of 252-288 ton/ha/year. The vertical system could produce three crops per year with a range of 21 0-248 tonnes/ha/year for the three sizes of fruits. The determinate varieties produced a wide range of yields and, with three crops per year, a yield range of 131-216 ton/hal could be expected. The yields obtained in the tested hydroponic system were at least five to ten times higher than those obtained from traditional soil cultivation under highland and lowland conditions in Malaysia

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF LOW SALINE WATER (LSW) DURING FAWAG-CO2 ON LIGHT OIL

Water flooding for a long time has been regarded as a secondary oil recovery method which can considerably increase oil production. However, even in this case, a significant amount of oil is still trapped in the reservoir. So far, to recover the remaining oil, various methods as tertiary recovery processes have been proposed. In the water flooding, it is usually pointed out that injection of low saline water change wetting properties of the reservoir during a water flood in a favorable way to improve oil recovery due to salinity. In the tertiary recovery, several EOR methods such as continuous Gas Injection, Water Alternating Gas flooding (WAG), Simultaneous Water Alternating Gas flooding (SWAG), and Foam Assisted Water Alternating Gas (FAWAG) process have been studied. Among these methods due to high mobility control in the gas flow, FAWAG process has been found to be more feasible. Hence, in this work based on the acceptable performance of the foregoing methods, FAWAG process is improved with low saline water. For this purpose, the oil recovery factor is compared between the application of formation water (high salinity brine) and low salinity brine during FAWAG-CO2. Type of surfactants to be used already finalized, only salinity of the brine is changing. However, several chemical screening tests will be conducted. Coreflooding will be done to determine the effect of low saline water during FAWAG on oil recovery

Sarcophaga dux Thomson (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) recovered from wrapped body of an infant: its evidential value

The decomposed body of a male infant was found in an oil palm estate in Rengit, Batu Pahat, Johor wrapped with clothes. Entomological specimens recovered in this case were flesh fly larvae, Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux Thomson and Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Minimum post mortem interval (PMImin) was approximately 48 hrs based on the largest specimen, i.e. S. dux. This species has been featured as forensically important species in Malaysia but scarcity of developmental data and bionomics in cadaver environment limit its utilization in forensic case. Issues pertaining its evidential value in this case and recommendations are described herein

The Effects of Shading Regimes on the Growth of Cocoa Seedlings(Theobroma cacao L.)

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different shading regimes: 80, 55, 30 and a percent i.e. full sunlight on the growth of cocoa seedlings during the first five months in the nursery. It was observed that the shading regime for optimal dryweight accumulation was under 80 percent shade during the first three months gradually reducing to 55 percent shade from the fourth month onwards. This interaction between age and shading regime was brought about by changes in net assimilation rates in response to self shading as the plant aged and also to the effects of lead production in response to different light intensities. Totally unshaded condition was detrimental to plant growth. Shading practice has to take into account the balance between capacity for leaf production and optimal capacity for assimilation

Distributed Self-Concatenated Coding for Cooperative Communication

In this paper, we propose a power-efficient distributed binary self-concatenated coding scheme using iterative decoding (DSECCC-ID) for cooperative communications. The DSECCC-ID scheme is designed with the aid of binary extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. The source node transmits self-concatenated convolutional coded (SECCC) symbols to both the relay and destination nodes during the first transmission period. The relay performs SECCC-ID decoding, where it mayor may not encounter decoding errors. It then reencodes the information bits using a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code during the second transmission period. The resultant symbols transmitted from the source and relay nodes can be viewed as the coded symbols of a three-component parallel concatenated encoder. At the destination node, three-component DSECCC-ID decoding is performed. The EXIT chart gives us an insight into operation of the distributed coding scheme, which enables us to significantly reduce the transmit power by about 3.3 dB in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) terms, as compared with a noncooperative SECCC-ID scheme at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-5. Finally, the proposed system is capable of performing within about 1.5 dB from the two-hop relay-aided network’s capacity at a BER of 10-5 , even if there may be decoding errors at the relay

Near-capacity iterative decoding of binary self-concatenated codes using soft decision demapping and 3-D EXIT charts

In this paper 3-D Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design binary Self-Concatenated Convolutional Codes employing Iterative Decoding (SECCC-ID), exchanging extrinsic information with the soft-decision demapper to approach the channel capacity. Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codes are selected as constituent codes, an interleaver is used for randomising the extrinsic information exchange of the constituent codes, while a puncturer helps to increase the achievable bandwidth efficiency. The convergence behaviour of the decoder is analysed with the aid of bit-based 3-D EXIT charts, for accurately calculating the operating EbN0 threshold, especially when SP based soft demapper is employed. Finally, we propose an attractive system configuration, which is capable of operating within about 1 dB from the channel capacity

Classification of Arrhythmia by Using Deep Learning with 2-D ECG Spectral Image Representation

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most extensively employed signals used in the diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The ECG signals can capture the heart's rhythmic irregularities, commonly known as arrhythmias. A careful study of ECG signals is crucial for precise diagnoses of patients' acute and chronic heart conditions. In this study, we propose a two-dimensional (2-D) convolutional neural network (CNN) model for the classification of ECG signals into eight classes; namely, normal beat, premature ventricular contraction beat, paced beat, right bundle branch block beat, left bundle branch block beat, atrial premature contraction beat, ventricular flutter wave beat, and ventricular escape beat. The one-dimensional ECG time series signals are transformed into 2-D spectrograms through short-time Fourier transform. The 2-D CNN model consisting of four convolutional layers and four pooling layers is designed for extracting robust features from the input spectrograms. Our proposed methodology is evaluated on a publicly available MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset. We achieved a state-of-the-art average classification accuracy of 99.11\%, which is better than those of recently reported results in classifying similar types of arrhythmias. The performance is significant in other indices as well, including sensitivity and specificity, which indicates the success of the proposed method.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for future publication in Remote Sensing MDPI Journa

Object-Oriented Philosophy Graham Harman

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan asumsi dasar dari filsafat Graham Harman (1968– ) yang disebut dengan Object-Oriented Philosophy. Latar belakang pemikiran Harman adalah kritiknya terhadap tendensi filsafat barat yang cenderung menjelaskan realitas secara problematis dengan dua cara, yakni mereduksi objek ke unit terkecil (undermining) atau menolak unifikasi objek dalam satu hal (overmining). Masalah dari kecenderungan pertama adalah ketidakmampuan menjelaskan kemunculan dan ketahanan objek, sedangkan masalah kecenderungan kedua adalah ketidamampuan menjelaskan perubahan objek. Untuk mengatasi dua kecenderungan tersebut, Harman mengembangkan pemikiran tentang objek yang didapat dengan pembacaan kritis atas gagasan intensionalitas Husserl, peranti Heidegger, dan monadologi Leibniz. Dua kesimpulan penting Harman untuk mengatasi problem tersebut adalah: pertama, membagi objek dan kualitas menjadi masing-masing dua bagian, sehingga terdapat empat hal dalam objek, yakni objek real, kualitas real, objek sensual, dan kualitas sensual. Kedua, memperluas relasi yang tidak hanya terjadi antar objek dan kualitas, tetapi juga antar objek dengan objek, dan kualitas dengan kualitas, sehingga terdapat sepuluh model hubungan dalam objek. Kedua jawaban Harman tersebut membuatnya dapat menjawab problem perubahan dengan penempatan kausalitas pada ranah sensual, dan problem kemunculan dan ketahanan objek dengan gagasan Fisi–Fusi. Konsekuensi dari filsafat yang dikembangkan Harman adalah hilangnya posisi sentral manusia dalam filsafat serta pembatasan keseluruhan hubungan dalam realitas