Late Marriages and Moral Conduct: Ethnography of Males of District Khanewal

Delayed marriage is particularly an ingrained socio-cultural trend among the masses, which is widely prevalent in the Middle East, West Asia, United States and North Africa. The escalating concern about the prevention of health issues, challenged physical condition and psychological disorders among the offspring have led majority of the couples to seek counselling, considering it an imperative aspect of their marital relationship. Despite its advantage, such an approach has caused social confusion and disorder in the society too resulting in delayed marriages. In this regard, the delayed marriage is an interesting anthro-biological problem widespread among the people of Khanewal city. In the face of such challenged physiological functioning of the individuals and the unreliableexisting multi-layered treatment mechanism; masses customarilyobserve and practice this phenomenon

Existe qualquer lugar ideal para mulheres trabalhadores? mulheres e teto de vidro: uma visão multi-cultural

The restrictions that keep women from climbing the corporate ladder are the main theme of this research paper. Glass ceiling is identified and highlighted as an important and global issue not only by different women around the world but also from the different researchers and scholars and may have very negative impact on business and societies. This research focuses the glass ceiling which may restrict women especially from the top positions. This research paper will try to reflect multicultural view of glass ceiling and scale of its existence in different regions of the globe. The nature of this paper is empirical whereas in order to perform multicultural empirical analysis we selected three companies from different parts of the world, and studied their cases. With the help of carefully designed questionnaire the company officials are contacted, and their responses are analyzed in the light available literature and theoretical perspectives. On the basis of careful analysis conclusion has been drawn which lead to valuable suggestions which are presented at the end. The underlying suggestions would help to cope with the issue in better way.Las restricciones que evitan que las mujeres suban en la escala corporativa son el tema principal de este trabajo de investigación. El techo de cristal se identifica y destaca como un problema importante y global, no solo por diferentes mujeres de todo el mundo, sino también por parte de los diferentes investigadores y académicos, y puede tener un impacto muy negativo en los negocios y las sociedades. Esta investigación enfoca el techo de cristal que puede restringir a las mujeres, especialmente desde las primeras posiciones. Este trabajo de investigación tratará de reflejar la visión multicultural del techo de cristal y la escala de su existencia en diferentes regiones del mundo. La naturaleza de este documento es empírica, mientras que para realizar un análisis empírico multicultural, seleccionamos tres empresas de diferentes partes del mundo y estudiamos sus casos. Con la ayuda de un cuestionario cuidadosamente diseñado, se contactó a los funcionarios de la compañía, y sus respuestas se analizaron en la literatura disponible y las perspectivas teóricas disponibles. Sobre la base de un análisis cuidadoso, se ha sacado una conclusión que lleva a sugerencias valiosas que se presentan al final. Las sugerencias subyacentes ayudarían a enfrentar el problema de una mejor manera.As restrições que impedem as mulheres de subir na escada corporativa são o tema principal deste trabalho de pesquisa. O teto de vidro é identificado e destacado como uma questão importante e global, não só por diferentes mulheres em todo o mundo, mas também por diferentes pesquisadores e acadêmicos, e pode ter um impacto muito negativo sobre os negócios e as sociedades. Esta pesquisa enfoca o teto de vidro que pode restringir as mulheres, especialmente a partir das posições de topo. Este trabalho de pesquisa tentará refletir a visão multicultural do teto de vidro e escala de sua existência em diferentes regiões do globo. A natureza deste artigo é empírica, ao passo que, para realizar análises empíricas multiculturais, selecionamos três empresas de diferentes partes do mundo e estudamos seus casos. Com a ajuda de um questionário cuidadosamente elaborado, os funcionários da empresa são contatados, e suas respostas são analisadas sob a luz da literatura disponível e perspectivas teóricas. Com base numa análise cuidadosa, foi tirada uma conclusão que leva a sugestões valiosas que são apresentadas no final. As sugestões subjacentes ajudariam a lidar com a questão de uma maneira melhor

O papel da justiça organizacional para desenvolver o comportamento de cidadania organizacional: efeito moderador da ética do trabalho islâmico

This paper aims to examine and test the role of organizational justice (distributive, procedural & interactional) to develop and promote organizational citizenship in Pakistani financial institutions under moderation effect of Islamic work ethics on the concepts of social exchange, equity and meta/normative ethics theories. In order to pledge the riven opinion on the relationship of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in the existing literature, Islamic work ethics has been inducted as a moderator. The population of the study is the 19 Financial Institutions of Pakistan and data were collected through a survey based 230 questionnaires. PLS was employed to analyze the data and post analysis; it has been established that all three forms of organizational justice are playing a role in the development of organizational citizenship behavior with varying level of impact and interestingly interactional justice is more dominating. Islamic work ethics has no moderation part in the relationship of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Islamic work ethics is autonomous character for organizational citizenship behavior development. The study has significant contribution to the existing literature available on all the constructs. The imminent studies may expand its scope.Este documento tiene como objetivo examinar y probar el papel de la justicia organizacional (distributiva, procesal e interactiva) para desarrollar y promover la ciudadanía organizacional en las instituciones financieras pakistaníes bajo el efecto moderador de la ética laboral islámica sobre los conceptos de intercambio social, equidad y teorías de ética meta / normativa. Para garantizar la opinión dividida sobre la relación entre la justicia organizacional y el comportamiento de la ciudadanía organizacional en la literatura existente, la ética laboral islámica ha sido incorporada como moderadora. La población de estudio son las 19 instituciones financieras de Pakistán y los datos se recopilaron a través de una encuesta basada en 230 cuestionarios. PLS se empleó para analizar los datos y el análisis posterior; se ha establecido que las tres formas de justicia organizacional desempeñan un papel en el desarrollo del comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional con diferentes niveles de impacto y, curiosamente, la justicia interactiva es más dominante. La ética laboral islámica no tiene una parte moderada en la relación entre la justicia organizacional y el comportamiento de la ciudadanía organizacional. La ética laboral islámica es de carácter autónomo para el desarrollo del comportamiento de la ciudadanía organizacional. El estudio tiene una contribución significativa a la literatura existente disponible en todos los constructos. Los estudios inminentes pueden ampliar su alcance.Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar e testar o papel da justiça organizacional (distributiva, processual e interacional) para desenvolver e promover a cidadania organizacional nas instituições financeiras paquistanesas sob efeito moderador da ética do trabalho islâmico nos conceitos de teorias de troca social, eqüidade e ética meta / normativa. . A fim de prometer a opinião distorcida sobre a relação entre a justiça organizacional e o comportamento de cidadania organizacional na literatura existente, a ética do trabalho islâmico foi introduzida como moderadora. A população do estudo é a 19 Instituições Financeiras do Paquistão e os dados foram coletados através de uma pesquisa baseada em 230 questionários. PLS foi empregado para analisar os dados e pós análise, foi estabelecido que todas as três formas de justiça organizacional estão desempenhando um papel no desenvolvimento do comportamento de cidadania organizacional com nível variável de impacto e a justiça interessantemente interacional é mais dominante. A ética do trabalho islâmico não tem parte moderadora na relação entre a justiça organizacional e o comportamento de cidadania organizacional. A ética islâmica do trabalho é um caráter autônomo para o desenvolvimento do comportamento de cidadania organizacional. O estudo tem contribuição significativa para a literatura existente disponível sobre todos os construtos. Os estudos iminentes podem ampliar seu escopo

Factors affecting wool quality and quantity in sheep

There are varieties of factors which can affect wool (macro and micro elements of wool) in sheep directly or indirectly. Genetic and environmental factors are major factors influencing wool quality and quantity. There are some bacterial, viral, fungal and espically parasitic diseases which also affect the wool. Other factors are exogenous chemicals, hormones, weather and photo period. In the present study, existing knowledge on the factors affecting wool were reviewed but there are gaps to conduct research on fundamental aspects of wool growth, which could have relevance to other areas of biology.Keywords: Wool quality, staple length, ultra high-sulphur proteins, fleec

A Socioeconomic Characteristics and Health Problems of Trash Picking Children in Karachi

Trash picking is one of the humiliating and hazardous works which is also done by the children and now it has become a susceptible form of child labour. Present study identifies the main factors responsible for the trash picking and which kind of health issues these trash picking children are facing while picking trash from the dump of heap in the context of socio economic activities. Present study was conducted in seven towns each from two district of Karachi, district south and district central Karachi. A sample of 200 TPC aged 6-17 years was selects to investigate the objective of the study. Data was collected through well structure interview schedule questionnaire because respondents were illiterate. Non probability sampling technique was adopted for these trash picking children. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the selected sample of the study. The present study investigated that 64% trash picking children were illiterate while 43% of these children belong to the afghan ethnic group who have migrated from the neighbouring country Afghanistan. About 63% and 51.5% of TPC responded that they belong from nuclear family structure and secondly getting meal twice a day is main factor responsible for trash picking respectively. Getting meal twice a day, forefather occupation, nuclear family structure and unemployment of father were 51.5%, 24.0%, 63.5% and 12% respectively main factors responsible for trash picking.. In present study about 32%, 20%, 4%, & 20% TPC were facing the diseases of skin problem, digestion problem, cough and respiratory problem respectively.Rest of the other Diseases which these TPC were facing they are back & joint pain, fever/headache and tuberculosis as well. Due to poor economic condition these TPC even cannot afford the medical treatment of their diseases so almost 36% of the respondents said that they get self medication, when they face any disease and 33% respondents explored that they get treatment from the government hospitals. It is suggested that education should be free and hunger should be addressed properly to meet their food needs

Requirement Validation for Embedded Systems in Automotive Industry Through Modeling

Requirement validation contributes significantly toward the success of software projects. Validating requirements is also essential to ensure the correctness of embedded systems in the auto industry. The auto industry emphasizes a lot on the verification of car designs and shapes. Invalid or erroneous requirements lead to inappropriate designs and degraded product quality. Considering the required expertise and time for requirement validation, significant attention is not devoted to verification and validation of requirements in the industry. Currently, the failure ratio of software projects is significantly higher and the key reason for that appears to be the inappropriate and invalidated requirements at the early stages in the projects. To that end, we propose a model-based approach that uses the existing V&V model. Through virtual prototyping, the proposed approach eliminates the need to validate the requirements after each stage of the project. Consequently, the model is validated after the design phase and the errors in requirements are detected at the earliest stage. In this research, we performed two different case studies for requirement validation in the auto industry by using a modeling-based approach and formal technique using Petri nets. A benefit of the proposed modeling-based approach is that the projects in the auto industry domain can be completed in less time due to effective requirements validation. Moreover, the modeling-based approach minimizes the development time, cost and increases productivity because the majority of the code is automatically generated using the approach

Análise de desenhos experimentais com outliers

Primary purpose of the article is to develop outlier robust designs. As a matter of fact, negative effect of outliers in any experimental settings is established where the outliers at any specific design point can destroy the features of the design for which it is being developed. It is attempted here in this article to develop a version of robustness for central composite designs which may protect it for outliers by introducing the idea of minimax outlying effect. This involves the calculation of the degree of outlying effect(s) outlier(s) may produce and then minimize the maximum of these outlying effects in an attempt to equalize the influence of all design points. On comparison, these outlier robust designs are proved to be more optimal, on the scales of A, D, and E optimalities, against existing conventional rotatable, orthogonal, and other such designs. The outlier robust designs, developed here, are suitable for settings prone to outliers where conventional designs fail to represent and analyze the processes and systems.El objetivo principal del artículo es desarrollar diseños robustos atípicos. De hecho, el efecto negativo de los valores atípicos en cualquier configuración experimental se establece donde los valores atípicos en cualquier punto de diseño específico pueden destruir las características del diseño para el que se está desarrollando. En este artículo se intenta desarrollar una versión de robustez para los diseños compuestos centrales que pueden protegerlo de los valores atípicos mediante la introducción de la idea del efecto periférico minimax. Esto implica el cálculo del grado de efecto (s) externo (s) que puede producir un valor atípico y luego minimizar el máximo de estos efectos externos en un intento de igualar la influencia de todos los puntos de diseño. En comparación, se demuestra que estos diseños robustos atípicos son más óptimos, en las escalas de las optimidades A, D y E, frente a los diseños convencionales existentes, ortogonales, rotativos y otros similares. Los diseños robustos atípicos, desarrollados aquí, son adecuados para configuraciones propensas a los valores atípicos en los que los diseños convencionales no representan ni analizan los procesos y sistemas.Objetivo principal do artigo é desenvolver projetos robustos outlier. De fato, o efeito negativo de outliers em qualquer ambiente experimental é estabelecido onde os outliers em qualquer ponto de design específico podem destruir os recursos do design para o qual ele está sendo desenvolvido. Neste artigo, tenta-se desenvolver uma versão de robustez para projetos compostos centrais que possam protegê-lo de outliers, introduzindo a ideia de efeito periférico minimax. Isso envolve o cálculo do grau de efeito (s) outlier (s) outlier (s) pode produzir e, em seguida, minimizar o máximo desses efeitos periféricos em uma tentativa de equalizar a influência de todos os pontos do projeto. Em comparação, esses designs robustos discrepantes são comprovadamente mais otimizados, nas escalas de otimalidades A, D e E, contra os designs convencionais rotacionais, ortogonais e outros existentes. Os designs robustos outlier, desenvolvidos aqui, são adequados para configurações propensas a outliers em que projetos convencionais não representam e analisam os processos e sistemas

O efeito moderador da pressão do tempo sobre os elementos de embalagem e o comportamento de compra do consumidor: um caso da Nestlé Paquistão

The purpose of this study to measure whether three product packaging Elements Wrapper Design, Packaging Material and Printed Information Influences Consumer Buying Behavior or does Time Pressure shows a moderating relationship. This study determines the importance of these elements when they purchase Nestle products during short time period. In this research highlighted that companies cannot afford to ignore the importance of time constraints and packaging elements of the products on consumer Buying Behavior. The study was conduct in District Vehari, Punjab Pakistan. Data was collecting to the students of Higher Educational Institution in District Vehari. Structured Questionnaire was used that consist on five point Likert Scale. Multiple Regression Analysis, ANOVA, coefficient was used to test the variables.El propósito de este estudio es medir si el diseño de envoltorio de tres elementos, el material de empaque y la información impresa influyen en el comportamiento de compra del consumidor o si la presión del tiempo muestra una relación moderada. Este estudio determina la importancia de estos elementos cuando compran productos Nestle durante un período de tiempo corto. En esta investigación, se destacó que las empresas no pueden permitirse ignorar la importancia de las limitaciones de tiempo y los elementos de empaquetado de los productos en el comportamiento de compra del consumidor. El estudio fue realizado en el Distrito Vehari, Punjab Pakistán. Los datos fueron recolectados a los estudiantes de la Institución de Educación Superior en el Distrito Vehari. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado que consta de una escala Likert de cinco puntos. El análisis de regresión múltiple, ANOVA, coeficiente se utilizó para probar las variables.O objetivo deste estudo é medir se três elementos de embalagem, design de invólucro, material de embalagem e informações impressas influenciam o comportamento de compra do consumidor ou se a pressão no tempo apresenta uma relação de moderação. Este estudo determina a importância desses elementos quando eles compram produtos da Nestlé durante um curto período de tempo. Nesta pesquisa destacou que as empresas não podem ignorar a importância das restrições de tempo e elementos de embalagem dos produtos no comportamento de compra do consumidor. O estudo foi realizado no Distrito Vehari, Punjab Paquistão. Data estava coletando para os estudantes da Instituição de Ensino Superior no Distrito Vehari. Utilizou-se Questionário Estruturado que consiste na Escala Likert de cinco pontos. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Análise de Regressão Múltipla, ANOVA, para testar as variáveis

Antioxidant, haemolytic activities and GC-MS profiling of Carissa carandas roots

The antioxidant potential of the plant Carissa carandas roots extracted with different polarity based solvents was assessed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the measurement of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, IC50 and antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system. The plant material contained the TPC (1.79-4.35 GAE mg/g of dry extract), TFC (1.91-3.76 CE mg/g of dry extract), DPPH radical scavenging activity, IC50 (12.53-84.82 %) and % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid (41.0-89.21 %) system respectively. Furthermore the antioxidant effectiveness of extracts was assessed using corn oil (CO) as the oxidation substrate. The oxidative alterations were evaluated by the measurement of conjugated diene (CD), conjugated triene (CT), p-anisidine, free fatty acid (FFA) and peroxide values (PV). The cytotoxicity of  the plant extracts were assessed against human red blood cells (RBCs) and the % lysis was found to be in the range of 1.01-6.10 %. The GC-MS analysis of n-hexane extract was also profiled.  It was concluded that extracts of plant roots may be used as potential source of antioxidant agents in food industries