Perbandingan tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan kesan dadah dalam kalangan remaja sekolah berisiko

The phenomenon of adolescents involved with drug abuse is a worrying and very serious issue. The influence of drug-related partners would have a bad effect on other teens, especially teenagers who are at risk. Therefore, this study aims to identify the extent of the level of knowledge of the drug, especially in relation to the differences of attitudes in terms of physical effects, hindering behaviors, involvement in drug-related activities and information on how to distribute, attitude towards self and future, and risk factors amongst students who did take drugs as compared to who never took it. This is a cross-sectional study involving 559 teenagers at risk, aged between 13-18 years’ old who are involved in SHIELDS Programme, camp based programme that was introduced by Agensi Anti dadah Kebangsaan (AADK) in collabaration with the Ministy of Education. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between students who have taken drugs and those who have never used it for dimension of hindering behavior, involvement in drug-related activities and information on how to distribute, risk factors of the involvement of immediate family members with drugs and negative consequences of drug intake. Because the involvement with drugs negatively impacts adolescents, thus, the prevention of this deviance behavior must be implemented as best as possible to ensure that the future of these adolescents is upheld, to prevent them from falling into another crime

Keberkesanan program SHIELDS daripada perspektif pelajar dan urusetia

Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji keberkesanan program SHIELDS daripada perspektif pelajar dan urusetia yang telah turut terlibat. Program SHIELDS adalah satu bentuk program camp-based yang diperkenalkan hasil kerjasama antara Kementerian Pendidikan dan Pihak Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK). Nama SHEILDS ini adalah akronim yang bermaksud Sayangi Hidup, Elak Derita Selamanya. Sehubungan itu, program ini bertujuan meningkatkan kesedaran dan mengupayakan ketahanan diri murid (lingkungan umur 13 hingga 18 tahun) yang dikenalpasti berisiko dalam penyalahgunaan dadah. Kajian kuantitatif ini melibatkan dua fasa iaitu fasa pertama adalah mengedarkan soal selidik sebelum dan selepas program SHIELDS dijalankan. Manakala, fasa kedua pula adalah sesi follow up selepas 3 bulan terhadap 50 pelajar yang telah terlibat dengan program SHIELDS terlebih dahulu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan secara keseluruhan perspektif pelajar seramai 559 orang yang terlibat dengan program SHIELDS ini adalah baik dengan min=4.48. Kesimpulannya, dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa program SHIELDS ini sewajarnya diteruskan dengan beberapa penambahbaikan untuk kelangsungan program dan kebaikan semua pihak yang terlibat

A semi empirical kinetic approach to study nanoparticle catalysis for piperidinolysis of ionized phenyl salicylate in the presence of inert salts / Muhammad Azri Mohd Noh

The present study is focused on the effect of the TTABr/MX/H2O-nanoparticles on the rate of piperidinolysis of ionized phenyl salicylate where TTABr represents tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and MX = NaCl, NaBr and CnH2n+1CO2Na with n = 4, 5, 6 and 7, and sodium salts of halobenzoic acids. Pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) for the piperidinolysis of ionized phenyl salicylate at 35°C and constant concentration of [PSa-]T = 0.2 mM, [Pip]T = 0.1 M, [NaOH] = 30 mM, [TTABr]T and different [MX] follow an empirical relationship which gives two empirical constants, Xkcat and KX/S. The removal of PSa- from bulk aqueous phase to the pseudo micellar phase by counterion X through ion exchange process X-/PSa- are responsible for the monotonic increase in kobs when the concentrations of MX were increased. The value of ion exchange constant/relative counterion (X) binding constant, RXBr were calculated from the relationship; RXBr = Xkcat/Brkcat. The values of RXBr for X = C4H9CO2-, C5H11CO2-, C6H13CO2-, and C7H15CO2- are increasing with increase in the number of alkyl chain of counterion X. Larger values of KXBror RXBr was observed for X = 4-halobenzoate ions than that for X = 2-halobenzoate ions due to isomeric factors. The values of KXBror RXBr for X = 2- and 4-halobenzoate ions determined in the presence of TTABr were compared with previously determined KXBror RXBr values in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr). Steady shear rheological measurements were carried out on TTABr/MX/H2O nanoparticles system at [TTABr]T = 15 mM for MX = C7H15CO2Na, 2-FBzNa, 4-FBzNa, 2-ClBzNa, 4-ClBzNa, 2-BrBzNa, 4-BrBzNa, 2-IBzNa and 4-IBzNa. Newtonian fluid behavior was shown by TTABr/MX/H2O systems for MX = C7H15CO2Na, 2-FBzNa, 4-FBzNa, 2-ClBzNa, 2-BrBzNa and 2-IBzNa. The plots of zero shear viscosity (η0) vs. [MX] at 35°C and 15 mM TTABr shows the presence of viscosity maximum for MX = 4-ClBzNa, 4-BrBzNa and 4-IBzNa which indicates the presence of wormlike micelles in the micellar systems. Plots of η0 vs. [MX] of TTABr/MX/H2O systems at different temperature ranges from 20 to 55°C show nonlinear and linear Arrhenius behavior for MX = 2-FBzNa, 4-FBzNa and 4-ClBzNa, 4-BrBzNa, 4-IBzNa, respectively. The value of KXBror RXBr were found to correlate with the rheological results obtained in the present study

Giant Vesicles (GV) in colloidal system under the Optical Polarization Microscope (OPM)

This paper discusses the unprecedented microscopic findings of micellar growth in colloidal system (CS) of catalyzed piperidinolysis of ionized phenyl salicylate (PS−).The giant vesicles (GV) was observed under the optical polarization microscope (OPM) at [NaX] = 0.1 M where X = 3-isopropC6H4O−. The conditions were rationalized from pseudo-first-order rate constant, kobs of PS− of micellar phase at 31.1 × 10−3 s−1 reported in previous publication. The overall diameter of GV (57.6 μm) in CS (CTABr/NaX/H2O)-catalyzed piperidinolysis (where X = 3-isopropC6H4O) of ionized phenyl salicylate were found as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) and giant multilamellar vesicles (GMV). The findings were also validated by means of rheological analysis