Translingual Repertoires of Multilinguals in Academic Writing Practices

The research investigates how students from diverse linguistic backgrounds project their multilingual repertories in their academic writing practices. The study has been built on the notion of heteroglossia by Bakthin (1975; 1981). This paper makes the case for translanguaging in the development of the writing skill of the learners for Academic purposes. This study analyzed written texts of 40 undergraduate bilingual learners from University of Sargodha, Lahore Campus who hail from different linguistic backgrounds and are struggling to learn writing in English for academic and professional success. Textual analysis has been used in order to identify the translingual strategies used by the learners in different stages of writings. The paper aims to identify how and why translanguaging is used. This study advocates for the multilingual resources of the students to be considered as a cognitive tool by educators for pedagogical strategies in teaching writing. It has been recommended that even in the development of monolingual voices in academic writing, a translanguaging approach can be considered as having more potential. Moreover, this study calls for attention towards the need of re-contextualization of the language policies in pedagogies that could employ the plurilingual recourses of the learners

An analysis of sustainability issues in eastern Indonesian pole-and-line tuna fisheries

PhD ThesisSustaining healthy tuna fisheries is crucial to Indonesia‘s national income from the fisheries sector and to securing the fishers‘ livelihoods. Yet sustainability issues in the small-scale pole-and-line tuna fisheries have been little analysed, and this study helps to fill some gaps in the literature. Data were collected from ten sites across eastern Indonesia (Sorong, Ternate, Pulau Bacan, Larantuka, Kupang, Bali, Surabaya, Bandung, Bogor and Jakarta) by four methods: review of academic and other publications; quantitative questionnaire surveys; qualitative interviews with key informants; and personal observations. The thesis investigates potential short-term effects of a government moratorium on foreign fishing vessel on small-scale tuna pole-and-line fishing (Chapter 2); trends in landings and effort (Chapter 3); the relationships between fishing effort and oceanographic variables at fish aggregating devices (FADs) sites (Chapter 4); and market supply strategies (Chapter 5). The findings of the study are: (1) the moratorium had little effect on the tuna poleand-line fishery, yet fishers claimed it helped them to fish more freely. (2) Landings trends varied between locations but in general from 2012 the landings volumes declined. (3) Stakeholders perceived that the government‘s published fisheries data were inaccurate because they were not collected using established scientific principles. (4) There were positive relationships between catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and both sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration but these were relatively weak. (5) On market supply, only Sorong seemed to demonstrate the initiative to access export markets by partnering with international private companies and preparing for Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification, an essential strategy if the fisheries are to achieve their full potential in the global tuna market. Tuna pole-and-line fisheries in eastern Indonesia are in moderately good shape, but they face significant challenges including diminishing tuna stocks, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing practices; competition from industrial vessels, and restricted marketing options.Indonesian Government through the Directorate General of Research and Higher Education Resources, the Ministry of Research and Higher Education (formerly the Ministry of Education and Culture

Nutritional and other causes of hypertension in district Lakki Marwat, NWFP, Pakistan

This study was designed to identify the causes of hypertension in District Lakki Marwat, North West Frontier Province (NWFP)-Pakistan. Eight hundred individuals in the age range of 21 - 60 years (81 % male and 19 % female) from the urban & rural areas were randomly selected. A voters list was obtained from the Assistant Election Commissioner’s Office and every 7th person was randomly selected as a study case in each of the selected areas. The height, weight, blood pressure, socio- economic, demographic and nutritional information was recorded on questionnaire. The data was compiled and assessed for nutritional status, hypertension and other factors for any possible association. None of the respondents was in the category of optimal blood pressure. In the categories of optimal blood pressure, normal blood pressure, high normal blood pressure, hypertension stage 1, hypertension stage 2 and hypertension stage 3 on overall basis the percentages were 0.00, 71.75, 14.65, 4.87, 3.87 & 4.62 respectively, for the urban area the percentages were 0.00, 70.84, 12.85, 7.52, 4.07 & 4.70 respectively and for the rural area the percentages were 0.00, 72.34, 15.80, 3.11, 3.95 & 4.78 respectively. The association of the hypertension was significant with the different variables i.e. basal metabolic index (BMI), socioeconomic status (job and family responsibilities, social problems & enmity), nutritional habit (particularly excessive saturated fat & salt intake), smoking and lack of knowledge about the hypertension. This study suggests that the causes of hypertension are due to poor dietary habits, social and economic problems in the District Lakki Marwat, North West Frontier Province (NWFP)-Pakista

How the Students’ Competitive and Collaborative Styles of Learning are Affected by Personality Traits at the University Level

Investigating how personality traits affect competitive and collaborative learning is the goal of the current study. When examining the influence of personality traits on learning styles, Big Five Theory was employed. Two hundred students were casually picked using the non-probability selection approach for this descriptive study design. After translation into the native language, a large-scale portfolio and the Grasha-Riechmann Scales of Student Learning Skills were utilized. Cronbach's alpha provided proficient estimation, pilot testing, and consistency, which all confirmed the instrument’s validity (α = 0.94). Five elements correlated with students' learning styles, including their personality traits. Students may benefit from a teaching approach that considers their unique characteristics and learning styles. Social training, academic achievement, and collaborative chances influenced personality traits and learning

Translingual Repertoires of Multilinguals in Academic Writing Practices

The research investigates how students from diverse linguistic backgrounds project their multilingual repertories in their academic writing practices. The study has been built on the notion of heteroglossia by Bakthin (1975; 1981). This paper makes the case for translanguaging in the development of the writing skill of the learners for Academic purposes. This study analyzed written texts of 40 undergraduate bilingual learners from University of Sargodha, Lahore Campus who hail from different linguistic backgrounds and are struggling to learn writing in English for academic and professional success. Textual analysis has been used in order to identify the translingual strategies used by the learners in different stages of writings. The paper aims to identify how and why translanguaging is used. This study advocates for the multilingual resources of the students to be considered as a cognitive tool by educators for pedagogical strategies in teaching writing. It has been recommended that even in the development of monolingual voices in academic writing, a translanguaging approach can be considered as having more potential. Moreover, this study calls for attention towards the need of re-contextualization of the language policies in pedagogies that could employ the plurilingual recourses of the learners

Frequency of Post-Operative Fecal Incontinence and Healing Rate in Patients with Open and Closed Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy

OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the frequency of fecal incontinence and healing rate in patients treated with Open Internal Anal Sphincterotomy (OIAS) and Closed Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy (CLIAS). METHODOLOGY This randomized control trial was carried out in the Department of Surgery Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar Pakistan from Feb 2019 to Feb 2020. Eighty-four patients were assigned to the open method in Group B while eighty-four patients were allocated to the closed method in Group A (using blade 11) through the randomized control trial method. Fecal incontinence and healing rate were observed on the 7 th postoperative day. SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyse the data. RESULTS In group A out of a total of 84 patients, 96% of patients were in category A, 4% of patients were in category B, and no patients were in categories C and D. In group B out of 84 patients, 96% of patients were in category A while 4% patients were in category B and no patients were in category C and D. The total faecal incontinence in Group B (open method) was 21% while total fecal incontinence in Group A (closed method) was only 4% that is a clear dierence between the two groups. In group A (closed method) out of 84 patients, 2 patients (2.38 %) showed delayed healing while 82 patients (97.61 %) showed normal healing. In group B (open method) 7.4% of patients showed delayed healing with a signicance p level of 0.04 while 92.85 showed normal healing. CONCLUSION Fecal incontinence was less in closed Lateral Anal Sphincterotomy due to the use of blade 11 while it was higher in open internal anal sphincterotomy. Similarly, the healing rate was signicantly higher in the closed method while delayed healing was seen in the open method

Impact of Authentic Material on ESL Learners’ Receptive Vocabulary Size

In Pakistani pedagogical process, English is taught as foreign or second language and as a compulsory subject from class 1 to bachelor level. But the results are unsatisfactory in the whole process. Various studies (Heflin, & Alaimo, 2007) have been conducted to find out the reasons and remedies but vocabulary being the most important part of a language is not given due concern in pedagogical process. This research study is undertaken to observe the impacts of authentic material i.e. newspaper on ESL learners’ receptive vocabulary size at intermediate level. This is basically a quantitative research which borrowed the framework of an experimental research. The population was the ESL learners at bachelor level in Lahore. Through convenience sampling technique, the researchers have selected 50 students and formed them into control and experimental groups. The data were collected with pre-test and post-test tools. Later, data were analyzed statistically and shown in charts. In this research study, the researchers have found that good results can be obtained by teaching ESL learners with the help of authentic material i.e. newspaper as compared to the traditional methods of text book teaching. The EFL process can be enhanced with living and practical settings

Components of Motivation in the ESL/EFL Classroom

Motivation is clearly a critical factor for second language and foreign language learning because it affects students' willingness to approach learning and using English language. Teachers who hope to provide meaningful instruction need to consider how to increase the motivational levels of their students in order to ensure student success in learning.  This paper examines what university students studying English as a second language or a foreign language (ESL/EFL) have to say about what does or does not positively affect their motivation to study English language. The ways in which intrinsic and extrinsic motivation affect ESL/EFL learners are explained by examining student surveys and current research. How self-directed or autonomous learning stimulates intrinsic motivation is a major part of the paper, as is how teacher-centered classrooms tend to make ESL students more extrinsically motivated