SOLUBILITY OF CO2 IN IMIDAZOLIUM BASED IONIC LIQUIDS USING ACETATE AND BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE AS ANION

Over 13 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves in the world presence of high carbon dioxide (CO2) contents and the removal of CO2 becomes an essential process in order to sustain the performance of the downstream plant as well as the environment. Ionic liquids are proving to be increasingly promising as viable media for not only potentially ‘green’ synthesis and separation mechanism, but it’s also have a novel applications, where it wide range of potential cation and anion elements can be exploit for the specific task. In this study, imidazolium based ionic liquid has been chose for the synthesis and CO2 solubility analysis. Specifically, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [hmim][Ac] and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide were used for this study. These ionic liquids were synthesized based on quaternization and metathesis technique. The result showed the magnitude of CO2 solubility for both ionic liquids using isochoric saturation technique. The solubility of CO2 in ionic liquids was determined by calculating the mol. fraction of CO2 as well as the Henry’s law constant. Consequently, [hmim][Tf2N] gives the higher magnitude for CO2 solubility compared to [hmim][Ac] since it was influenced by fluorinated anion

Optimization of Ethanol Production from Mango Peels using Response Surface Methodology

Environmental concern as well as escalating of fossil fuel price and demanding for renewable energy is the main reasons why bioethanol technology being developed. Bioethanol can act as alternatives energy and reduce dependencies on fossil fuel alone. Recently, research has been done to produce bioethanol by utilization of agricultural waste. Production of bioethanol from mango peels is examples of utilization of agricultural waste. Mango fruit is grown naturally in over 90 countries worldwide and is known to be the second largest produced tropical fruit crop in the world. This shows that the amount of waste that will produce will be significant. The focal point of this project is to optimize production of bioethanol from mango peels using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and to studies the effects of temperature, yeast concentration and fermentation time towards production of bioethanol. Mango peels will undergo hydrolysis and fermentation in order to produce bioethanol. To achieve these objectives, experiment was conducted which consist of four stages; preparation of mango peels, hydrolysis of mango peels, preparation of yeast and optimization using RSM. The first part of experiment, mango peels is manually peeling off using knife and the underlying pulp was removed. Then, the mango peels is treated with sulphuric acid with concentration of 0.25 % to 1 % (w/v). At acid concentration of 0.25 % (w/v) was the highest amount of glucose yield. Fermentation is conduct according to experimental design layout that is generated by Design Expert software and the range for temperature, yeast concentration and fermentation time is 25-40°C, 6-14 g/ml and 48-96 hours respectively. RSM using three factors and two level central composite designs was employed to optimize production of ethanol from mango peels. Based on the results obtained, the concentration of ethanol yield ranged from 5.28-7.34 g/ml. The optimize condition to produce 7.34 g/ml is 38 °C, 6 g/ml yeast and 48 hours fermentation time. Therefore, this finding portray that the production of ethanol from mango peels can be scale up for large production industry

Systematic literature review of evaluation of quality management practices in palm oil supply chain: the case of upstream / Muhammad Faizrien Shah Abdul Ghani

Malaysia is classified among the world’s leading producer and exporter of palm oil. A statistic recorded at 2016 indicates that the total oil palm planted area in Malaysia have reached 5.74 million hectares. In previous findings, the palm oil industry are linked together from upstream to downstream and consists of four sub-sectors which are growers, millers, refiners, and oleo chemicals. However, some organization has yet develop a tool to assess quality management practices in the upstream activity. Besides, the quality management practices implemented has not been so effective. There are various quality management practices that are currently being implemented in palm oil industry. This research attempts to identify the current quality management practices in palm oil upstream supply chain and to develop an instrument to produce quality palm oil in upstream sectors. This paper presents a systematic review on quality management practices in upstream sectors and the final selection comprehends 32 articles selected and comprehensively analyzed to assess quality management practices in upstream processes of palm oil supply chain and finally producing an oil palm quality management tool in the form of checklist

The formulating growth strategy of Aceh port system in Indonesia: An AHP approach

The main objective of this study is to investigate the growth strategy of Aceh’s ports in order to develop a better position of those ports in the dynamic and competitive environment along the Malacca straits. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach, this study examines priority perspectives on strategy formulation from 25 individuals representing relevant parties in the Aceh port industry such as government officials, port authorities and managements, experts, academicians and consultants, and port user associations. Six potential strategies related to resources, competencies, market share, opportunity share, cooperation, and competitiveness were examined. The findings show that the resource-based strategy and the competence-based strategy are ranked as first and second important strategy respectively while the opportunity share strategy ranked as the least important strategy. This study provides new insights into the implications of using various strategy formulations for port growth in developing countries and provides a significant practical contribution to the port authorities

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja pada Pegawai Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove Jakarta

Gaya kepemimpinan merupakan sifat atau perilaku yang ditunjukan oleh seorang pemimpin untuk mempengaruhi bawahannya agar tujuan organisasi dapat tercapai. Motivasi adalah suatu dorongan dari dalam dan luar diri atau sebuah keinginan untuk melakukan suatu tindakan dengan tujuan mencapai suatu target yang telah ditentukan oleh sebuah organisasi. kinerja merupakan suatu hasil kerja karyawan yang telah dicapai setelah memenuhi standar pekerjaan yang telah ditetapkan selama periode tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja, pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja dan pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi terhadap kinera pegawai Badan Restorasi Gambut & Mangrove Jakarta Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresilinier berganda dengan bantuan SPSS24.0.Populasi yang digunakan sebanyak 225orang dengan sampel sebanyak 105 orang menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa secara parsial variabel gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. variabel motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhaddap kinerja. berdasarkan hasil uji simultan menunjukkan bahwa variabel gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja

Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and results from impaired insulin signaling and multiple post-receptor intracellular defects including impaired glucose transport, glucose phosphorylation, and reduced glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis. Insulin resistance is a core defect in type 2 diabetes, it is also associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Recent studies have reported a mitochondrial defect in oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in variety of insulin resistant states. In this review, we summarize the cellular and molecular defects that contribute to the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle

Interpretive structural modelling: Hierarchical relationship model of appreciating diversity competency for educational leaders

The dynamics of diversity and cultural competency are elements that run parallel with globalization. Appreciating diversity is part of global leadership competency. However, this assumption may not hold in a context in which multiculturalism diversity and competency are not an integral element for leadership competency for public sector educational leaders. Public organization should assimilate and practice appreciating diversity in the organizational leadership competency. Thus, the central aim of this study is to investigate and examine the appreciating diversity competency for educational leaders. The paper analyzed the appreciating competencies by using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) based on experts’ consensus. The cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis ascertained and classified each competency based on their driving and dependent power. The hierarchical model developed through ISM yielded seven appreciating competencies divided into two dimensions for educational leaders. The model proposed could be adopted by stakeholders to upgrade the competency of educational leaders to practice and apply appreciating diversity. The ISM model could be adopted for the training and development of future educational leaders in preparation to administer and lead multicultural and multigenerational organizational communities

Kajian ketumpatan lineamen dalam penilaian potensi jatuhan batuan di kawasan Lembah Kinta

Perbukitan batu kapur di Lembah Kinta membentuk landskap muka bumi yang unik dan indah hasil daripada proses pelarutan batuan karbonat. Namun begitu, bergantung kepada kawasan perbukitan batu kapur tersebut, kehadiran pelbagai struktur geologi seperti struktur retakan dan kekar yang ekstensif mampu memberi ancaman kepada manusia dan harta benda. Kajian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara ketumpatan lineamen dan tahap kestabilan tujuh cerun gunung batu kapur di Lembah Kinta, Malaysia. Kajian ini terbahagi kepada dua peringkat, iaitu pemetaan ketumpatan lineamen dan penilaian kestabilan cerun dengan menggunakan kaedah Kekuatan Jasad Batuan (RMS). Sebanyak 599 lineamen rantau dikenal pasti dengan panjang keseluruhan lineamen mencapai 317 km. Seterusnya, peta ketumpatan lineamen yang dihasilkan dikelaskan kepada tiga kelas: Rendah (137.0-84.23) m, sederhana (84.22-46.83) m dan tinggi (46.82-0.0) m. Kaedah RMS yang dijalankan di lapangan pula adalah bertujuan bagi mengesahkan peta ketumpatan lineamen yang dihasilkan. Sebanyak dua belas stesen dinilai dengan tujuh parameter RMS iaitu kekuatan bahan batuan, tahap luluhawa, bukaan kekar, orientasi kekar, kelebaran kekar, ketakselanjaran dan aliran air bawah tanah. Setiap cerun yang dinilai dikelaskan kepada lima kumpulan daripada sangat lemah hingga sangat kuat. Skor RMS berdasarkan jumlah akhir setiap parameter yang dinilai. Hampir kesemua stesen yang dicerap berada pada kelas sederhana (Gunung Rapat, Datok, Kandu, Panjang, A, Tempurung) manakala hanya satu stesen (Gunung Lang) berada pada kelas lemah. Korelasi antara peta ketumpatan lineamen dan skor RMS menunjukkan korelasi yang baik dengan 73% ketepatan. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kestabilan cerun di Lembah Kinta dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh ketumpatan lineamen rantau

Chitty culinary traditions in Melaka, Malaysia.

The article offers information about the culinary traditions of Chitty in Melaka, Malaysia. It mentions that the Chitty are also called Peranakan Indians, thus describing their origin, in the same way as the phrase is used to determine Peranakan Chinese. Moreover, modern Chitty continue to practice Hinduism, although the Chitty women can be easily determined from Indian women by their Nyonya or Malay dress