KONFLIK DAN PENGHULU; Pendekatan Mediasi Dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik Internal Kaum Oleh Penghulu Di Minangkabau

The function of the Penghulu in Minangkabau is to maintain and prosper his people. Conflict is an obstacle to achieving the welfare goal. The headman as the leader of the Tribe has its own mechanism for managing conflict. This is driven by the values of locality to alleviate existing conflicts. Form of maintenance that strives for various conflicts that occur can be resolved by means of deliberation or commonly referred to as mediation. This article explains that in outline, the conflict is interpreted by the Minangkabau people with kusuik (tangled). Kusuik is classified according to the conditions of the individuals involved in the conflict, such as; Kusuik rambuik, Kusuik quill, kusuik banang, and kusuik tampuo nest. This conflict classification at the same time illustrates the conflict resolution that must be taken by the head to resolve it. The mechanism for the settlement was found; (1) Bulek aie ka pambuluah, bulek kato ka mufakat, (2) Koknyo singkek jan diuleh, ketek jan are stirred, bajalan luruih, bakato bana, (3) sadanciangbak stale, saciok like chicken, talungkuik eat the ground, talantang samo eat the wind; , good luck, katako, cilako, (4) nan ka finished, nan ka gadang, nan became a thorn in the dagiang, (5) sat seo ba samo ba roomy, sat down in the middle of the Sampik ba. The data was obtained through analysis of observations, interviews, and literacy based on case studies in Nagari Tabek Patah Kec. Salimpaung Tanah Datar Regenc

Intergenerational Mobility in Educational Attainments

This paper investigates intergenerational educational mobility, a non-monetary measure of socioeconomic status in Pakistan. Data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurements (PSLM-2012-13) are used for empirical analysis. Contingency tables and multinomial logit model are utilised. Results indicate strong evidence of intergenerational linkages in educational attainments between fathers and their sons. Although findings reveal some degree of upward mobility, opportunities are not equal for all. Chances for attainment of higher education for sons of fathers with education up to the secondary level only, are not as prevalent as for sons of highly educated fathers. Further, urban areas show higher mobility as compared to rural areas. Results also reveal that the affluent are more likely to attain higher levels of education than the financially disadvantaged. In addition, sons of affluent families in rural areas are less likely to attain higher levels of education compared to the sons of the affluent in urban areas. Our findings also support evidence in favour of the child quality- quantity trade-off as shown by negative impacts of family size on attainment of higher levels of education. JEL Classification: C24, J24, L86, O43, O47 Keywords: Inequality of Opportunity, Education, Intergenerational Mobilit

Monetary Policy, Business Cycles and Sectoral Response in Pakistan

The study takes a first step in investigating the monetary transmission mechanism in Pakistan at a sectoral level in relation with business cycles. The key objective of the study is to empirically investigate the impact of monetary shocks on output of major sectors. Using VAR approach on quarterly data spanning from 1990:1 to 2012:4, we examine whether monetary policy shocks have different sectoral effects. We also incorporated business cycles to analyze weather sectoral effects of monetary policy undergone any changes during different phases of business cycles. Results obtained from VAR framework confirm the presence of sector-specific variation in the real effects of monetary policy. Our results also suggest that variation in output is more interest sensitive in recovery as compared to recessionary time periods. The results, therefore, seem to confirm potential disparities in the effect of monetary policy on real sectoral activities. It is a very unique contribution in empirical literature while at the same time it is a valuable input for accessing monetary policy implications for real sector growth in Pakistan.&nbsp

Impact of Exchange rate Volatility on Growth and Economic Performance: A Case Study of Pakistan, 1973-2003

This paper investigates the impact of volatility of exchange rates on the manufactured production of Pakistan’s economy. After a short introduction of the underlying theories and empirical literature, the relationship between these two variables is estimated. In the regression, the conditional variance of the real exchange rate is the measure of uncertainty (GARCH estimation). The results obtained are positive but are insignificant, and do not support the position that excessive volatility or shifting of exchange rate regimes has pronounced effects for manufacturing production. These results are consistent with what we obtain from the impulse responses. It is believed, however, that the thesis adds to the body of evidence, suggesting that exchange rate variability has no significant effect on manufacturing products.

Kehidupan Masyarakat Pulau Salissingan Sulawesi Barat (1994-2009)

This study aims to explain the history of the development of the life of the people of Salissingan Island which is seen in three aspects, namely the political aspect, the economic aspect, and the social aspect. Then the type of research used is historical research which consists of Heuristics, Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography. The focus of this research is community life and the development of community life on Salissingan Island. The results of this study indicate that the development of community life on Salissingan Island refers to three aspects, namely the Political Aspect regarding the formation of the first village in 1994 and then in 2008 the second village was formed. next On the economic aspect of people's lives seen in the work as fishermen and fishermen's income in the form of sea cucumbers and lobster shrimp. as for the social aspect regarding the development and population growth of Salissingan Island since 1994-200