Domestic feed sources to farmed Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

This study presents an overview of recapturing nutrients from Baltic Sea thru mussel farming and producing mussel meal, detoxification of polluted fish into purified high quality fish meal and oil and introducing microorganisms as waste consumers as well as good protein sources for fish diets. Work on this study is focused on comparing growth performance of test diet, which has been made strictly of domestic (Baltic Sea) protein sources to commercial diet. Also, the study backs up the idea that use/reuse of protein sources and nutrients, i.e. making diets of sources from Baltic Sea and use them in aquaculture makes positive impact on ecological footprint, restores balance in aquatic ecosystem and flow of nutrients that can compete with present commercial diets in growth performance and price. Study is based on practical experiment, literature investigation and personal communication with people involved in this issue. Experiment is based on comparing growth performance of fish fed commercial (control) feed and test (experimental) feed. The thesis intends to show that recapture of nutrients is a way to establish a nutrition positive and environmental sustainable aquaculture in the Baltic Sea

Predicting Output and Inflation in Less Developed Financial Markets Using the Yield Curve: Evidence from Malaysia

This paper investigates the role of the term spread to predict domestic output and inflation in less developed financial market with the focus on Malaysia bond market. By controlling for past values of the dependent variable, this paper finds that the term spread of various bond maturities contain relevant information about future output and inflation at short horizons. Besides that, we employ a probit model to assess the ability for the yield curve to predict future economic slowdown. The results suggest that the term spread has contributed significantly in the probability of predicting future economic slowdown. Despite the under-developed bond market, the findings point to the potential for bond yields to play a greater role in monetary analysis beyond conventional indicators. From the policy point of views, the results from our analysis suggest that there is a significant potential for incorporating more technical and model based approaches using the yield curve beyond the usual indicator analysis.Term spread, Forecasting, Monetary Policy, Malaysia

Measuring Monetary Conditions in A Small Open Economy: The Case of Malaysia

The paper explores the measurement of monetary condition in Malaysia to augment the existing monetary policy framework. As an open economy, Monetary Condition Index (MCI) and Financial Condition Index (FCI) are applicable to understand the monetary condition especially in the era of financial deregulation and liberalisation. The results obtained suggest that the index is most useful when the exchange market exhibits stable conditions, and would be a constructive tool in the simultaneous management of the foreign currency and domestic money markets. However, the frequent experience of instability caused by supply and demand shocks with persistent and large inertia in the economy complicates the practical use of MCI and FCI in Malaysia. While this approach obviously does not provide answers to every question and as a leading indicator for inflation, it nonetheless makes it possible to measure the monetary condition in the Malaysian economy.Monetary condition index, Monetary Policy, Malaysia

The Economic Optimality of Sanction Mechanisms in Interorganizational Ego Networks – A Game Theoretical Analysis –

Even though small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) were believed not to proceed beyond exporting in their internationalization routes, we can observe new types of co-operation intensive entrepreneurial firms – so-called “micromultinational enterprises” (mMNEs) – entering the global landscape. These firms face the challenge to manage and control a portfolio of national and international alliances simultaneously (ego network). The aim of this paper is to provide game theoretically consolidated conditions in order to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of interorganizational sanction mechanisms in an alliance portfolio setting. A game theoretical framework is developed over three stages with increasing complexity. Results show that two out of six analyzed sanction mechanisms do not fulfill the game theoretical condition for effectiveness. The efficiency analysis sensibilizes for discretionary elements in governance structures and demonstrates that not one single sanction mechanism but rather the right choice and combination of different types of sanction mechanisms leads to efficient results. We contribute to the international business, alliance, and network literature in several ways by focusing on alliance portfolios held by mMNEs. In doing so, we move beyond the dyadic level and analyze sanction mechanisms from an ego network perspective, a still widely under-emphasized topic in the literature.alliance portfolio, ego network, governance, sanctions, game theory