Characterization of Blood Donor Defferal at Blood Donation Unit Indonesian Red Cross Bojonegoro

Availability of safe blood and blood products is a critical component in improving adequate blood supply and blood products. Blood donation collected from 1% of the population is usu­ally the minimum requirement to meet a country’s most basic need for blood. Blood product declare as a life saving product which treat diseases and maintains health. Safety blood donor plays a vital role for donor and recipient. Recruiting donor should follow criterias during blood selection. This study aimed to analysis of blood donor referral in blood donation unit of Bojonegoro following some characteristics such as hemoglobin levels, blood pressure, and consumption. This study was conducted by reviewing the deferral donor records during June to July 2022 at Blood Donation Units Bojonegoro. Out of the 668 screened prospective donors, 117 (17%) were deferred. Hemoglobin levels was the major (90% from 117) cause of temporary deferral as well as the second cause of overall deferrals. Blood pressure and latest consumption  time constituted 9% and 1% of the deferral cases, respectively. From 117 deferred donor, deferral rate among male donors was 53% (62 donor). Among female donors, it was 47% (55 donor). Thus, the prevalence of deferral was significantly higher among female donors than among male donors. Out of the 668 screened prospective donors, 117 (17%) were deferred. Hemoglobin levels was the major (90% from 117) cause of temporary deferral as well as the second cause of overall deferrals. Blood pressure and latest consumtion  time constituted 9% and 1% of the deferral cases, respectively Keywords: Blood Donor, Defferals, Blood Ban

An evaluation study of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant GRA1 protein for detection of igg antibodies againts Toxoplasma gondii infections

Reliable laboratory testing is important to detect Toxoplasma gondii infection and focuses on improving the low cost and easy to use the diagnostic instrument. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method can be used to determine a large number of samples within a short period of time which based on antibody or antigen detection. We tested the sensitivity and specificity of GRA1 protein of as antigen using the ELISA method to toxoplasmosis diagnosis and compared it with commercial ELISA kit. Seventy sera samples were collected and tested using indirect ELISA, commercial ELISA kit and GRA1 protein-coated as antigen. The results showed 48 and 51 samples had positive IgG antibody using ELISA-GRA1 and commercial ELISA kit, respectively. The GRA1 sensitivity and specificity on ELISA were 100% and 86.36%, respectively. Whereas positive predictive value (PPV) was 94.11%. This result indicated that the recombinant GRA1 protein is a highly immunogenic protein in human toxoplasmosis and marker for toxoplasmosis screening

Produksi Komponen Darah Packed-Red Cell (PRC), Liquid Plasma (LP), Thombocytes Concentrates (TC) dan Fresh-Frozen-Plasma (FFP) di UDD PMI Kabupaten Bojonegoro

The processing of blood components is an act of separating the components of donor blood through a process by taking into account the quality and safety of blood component products. Its process produce various type of blood component, such as Packed Red Cell, Liquid Plasma, Thrombocytes Concentrate and Fresh Frozen Plasma. The quantity of each blood production depends on the mount of demant from hospital to threat the patient for transfusion. Indonesia Red Cross especially in Blood Donor Unit of each region have a important duty to collect and process the whole blood component as much as it needed. This type of research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The population used was the production of PRC, LP, TC and FFP  at UDD PMI Bojonegoro from June to July 2022 as many as 2124 kolf. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data analysis using univariate analysis which is presented in the form of a frequency distribution table and ghraphic for daily production. Production of blood components as much as 2124 kolf, Production of PRC as 984 kolf (46%), LP as 904 kolf (43%0, TC as 200 kolf (9%), and FFP as 36 kolf (2%). The highest blood component production is PRC, followed by LP, TC and FFP, respectfully. Â

SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTOR OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS REFERRED TO GRHASIA PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite belong to phylum Apicomplexa, is an obligate parasite in mammals. The active proliferating trophozoites or tachyzoites are usually seen in the acute stage of infection, while the resting bradyzoites formed tissue cysts are primary found in muscle and brain. Human infection occurs mainly by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocyst or eating an undercook meat containing tissue cyst. Human might be infected via blood transfusion, organ transplantation or transplacenta transmission. Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disease of the central nervous system, which contributing to behavioral changes which may resulted in higher risk to T. gondii infection. The purpose of this study were to know difference of seroprevalence and risk factor of toxoplasmosis between schizophrenia group and control group. Materials and Methods: Serum sample were collected 94 among schizophrenia patient at Grhasia Hospital and 64 normal population (control group). Antibody IgG of T. gondii was measured using ELISA method (Enzym Link Immnusorbent Assay) and questionnaires were used to collect risk factor data among the respondent. Results: The seroprevalence antibody IgG of patient with schizophrenia (69.14%) higher than control group (65.625%), but not significantly different (p>0.05). There was an association between some of risk factor with seropositive of toxoplasmosis in both group. In schizophrenia group, risk factor that associated with toxoplasmosis are uncooked meat consumption, contact with uncooked meat and soil, handwashing habit, uncooked water consumption, and water source. In control group, risk factor that associated are having cattles/pet, undercook meat consumption, and water source. Conclusion: This finding have shown seroprevalence of schizophrenia group higher than non-schizophrenia group and risk factor which associated with toxoplasmosis was different between two groups

Kajian Indeks Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai Indikator Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue dan Upaya Pencegahannya pada Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Cepu Kabupaten Blora.

ABSTRAK   Muflikhah, Nina Difla. 2012. Kajian Indeks Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai Indikator Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue dan Upaya Pencegahannya pada Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Cepu Kabupaten Blora. Skripsi, Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Dr. Endang Suarsini, M.Ked. (II) Drs. Masjhudi, M.Pd.   Kata Kunci: Indeks Larva Nyamuk, Demam Berdarah Dengue, Pencegahan DBD Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan merupakan vector borne disease atau ditularkan melalui vektor, yaitu nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kecamatan Cepu merupakan wilayah dengan insiden terbanyak ketiga sebanyak 48 kasus setelah Kecamatan Blora (152 kasus) dan Kecamatan Jepon (52 kasus). Kecamatan Cepu terletak langsung berbatasan dengan aliran sungai bengawan solo. Sebagian besar kasus DBD tersebut banyak menyerang anak-anak usia 7-15 tahun yang umumnya masih duduk di Sekolah Dasar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada/tidaknya larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti, indeks larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti, serta upaya pencegahan DBD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2012 sampai Maret 2012. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel secara non-random purposive. Jumlah sampling sebanyak 6 Sekolah Dasar yang masing-masing mewakili setiap kelurahan di wilayah Kecamatan Cepu. Data yang diperoleh berupa jumlah container yang ditemukan larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan total container yang diperiksa di Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Cepu serta data upaya pencegahan diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar. Data di analisis secara deskriptif dengan mengukur indeks larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti menggunakan rumus Container Indeks dan mendeskripsikan pengetahuan siswa mengenai DBD serta upaya pencegahannya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 52 container  dan jumlah container yang ditemukan larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebanyak 9 container sehingga dapat diketahui indeks larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti di lingkungan Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Cepu Kabupaten Blora sebesar 17.3%. Upaya pencegahan DBD yang dilakukan oleh siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Cepu Kabupaten Blora adalah melakukan kerja bakti setiap 1 minggu sekali, membuang sampah pada tempat sampah, melakukan pengurasan kamar mandi sekolah setiap akhir minggu, melakukan penggantian air pada tempat cuci tangan (baskom) oleh siswa secara bergiliran, dan melakukan fogging focus secara berkala oleh petugas puskesmas.   ABSTRACT   Muflikhah, Nina Difla. 2012. Study of Aedes aegypti larvae Index as an Indicator of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and The Prevention Efforts in Elementary School in Cepu Blora. Skripsi, Department of Biological Science, State University of Malang. Advisor: (I) Dr. Endang Suarsini, M.Ked. (II) Drs. Masjhudi, M.Pd.   Keywords: Index  larvae, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, DHF’s Prevention Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus and is a vector borne disease, or transmitted by vectors, ie Aedes aegypti. Cepu District is a region with the third highest incidence which 48 cases after Blora District (152 cases) and the Jepon District (52 cases). Cepu District’s located directly adjacent to the river Bengawan Solo. Most cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is common in children aged 7-15 years who are generally still in elementary school. Based on the conducted research that aims to determine the presence / absence of larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, theindex of Aedes aegypti larvae, and the prevention effort. This research is an exploratory descriptive study was done on January 2012 to March 2012. Sampling technique used is non-random purposive. Sampling are six elementary schools, each of which represents every subdistrict in the Cepu District. The data collected the number of container which found Aedes aegypti larvae and the total container in Elementary School, and the prevention’s data collected by interviews of students in grade 5 elementary school. Data in the descriptive analysis by measuring the index  Aedes aegypti larvae using a formula of Container Index and describe student’s knowledge about DHF and the prevention efforts. The results obtained 52 total containers and container which found larvae of Aedes aegypti is 9 container so index of Aedes aegypti larvae in the Elementary School in Cepu Blora is 17.3%. DHF prevention efforts is doing a community service every week, taking out the trash in the right trash, cleaning the school bathroom every weekend, doing the replacement of water in the sink (basin) by students, and do periodic fogging focus by clinic staff

AN EVALUATION STUDY OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) USING RECOMBINANT PROTEIN GRA1 FOR DETECTION OF IgG ANTIBODIES AGAINTS TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTIONS

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite that live inside the cells of the reticulo endothelial and parenchymal cells of human and animals (mammals and birds). Some cases of toxoplasmosis usually have no symptoms, but in any cases caused severe symptoms, such as hydrocephalus, microcephalus, intracranial calcification, retinal damage, brain abscess, mental retardation, lymphadenopathy, and others. Its severe symptoms usually showed a long time after first exposure, except symptoms showed by congenital transmission caused by infected mother. Early diagnosis is important to prevent the illness but methods for toxoplasmosis screening are still too expensive for developing country. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) allow the testing of a large number samples within short time frame and based on antibody or antigen detection. This study aimed to know the sensitivity and specificity of recombinat protein GRA1 as antigen using ELISA methods. We tested the sensitivity and spesificity of GRA1 protein as antigen in ELISA methods to diagnose toxoplasmosis and compared with ELISA Kit Commercial. Reliable laboratory testing is important to detect Toxoplasma gondii infection, and focused to improving the low cost and easy-to-use diagnostic instrument. Seventy sera collected and tested using both indirect ELISA, commercial ELISA kit and GRA1 protein coated as antigen. Fourty eight and fifty one samples showed positive IgG antibody result of ELISA-GRA1 and ELISA kit. Negative sample tested by ELISA-GRA1 was 22 samples and 19 sample tested by ELISA Kit. The sensitivity and specificity of GRA1-based on ELISA were 100% and 86.36%, positive prediction value (ppv) was 94.11%. These data indicate that the recombinant protein GRA1 is a highly immunogenic protein in human toxoplasmosis and become a promising marker for the screening of toxoplasmosis