Some Probability Characteristics of the Solution of Stochastic Fredholm Integral Equation Contain Brownian Motion.

In this paper, some probability characteristics (probability density, characteristic, covariance, and spectral density) functions are derived depending on the smallest variance of the solution of a supposing stochastic Fredholm integral equation contains the Brownian motion by adomian decomposition method

ETIKA POLITIK IBNU KHALDUN (ANALISIS TERHADAP KONSEP KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MUQADDIMAH)

Sejarah umat manusia yang sangat panjang bisa kita ditelusuri melalui peradabannya. Dari abad ke abad, dari milenium ke milenium tercatat banyak peradaban-peradaban besar yang berdiri dan saling bersaing membangun kejayaan dan hegemoni atas peradaban lain. Peradaban besar kuno seperti di Suriah Besar, Mesopotamia, Mesir Kuno, Byzantium, Persia, Romawi, Perdaban masa kekhalifahan Islam, namun kehebatan dan kemegahan peradaban-peradaban tersebut tidak bisa menghindar dari kehancuran dan kemunduran. Bagi Abdurrahman Abu Zaid Waliuddin bin Khaldun, atau dikenal dengan Ibnu Khaldun yang merupakan ulama besar Islam, ilmuwan, sejarawan, negarawan dan akademisi yang sudah memprediksi secara detail tentang maju mundurnya perdaban dari hal yang terkecil sampai yang terbesar. Baginya apabila ditarik garis merah antarperadaban tersebut kemunduran yang dialami terjadi ketika moral atau akhlaq yang tidak diperhatikan lagi dalam memimpin dan berkuasa. Tidak hanya moral dan akhlaq pemimpinnya, namun juga rakyatnya. Dalam Muqoddimah, karya monumental Ibnu Khadun, sejarah menjadi sesuatu yang rasional, faktual dan bebas dari dongeng-dongeng. Bermodalkan pengalamannya yang malang-melintang di dunia politik pada masanya, Ibnu Khaldun mampu menulis Al-Muqaddimah dengan jernih. Dalam kitabnya itu, Ibnu Khaldun juga membahas peradaban manusia, hukum-hukum kemasyarakatan dan perubahan sosial. Dalam penelitian kali ini, akan dibahas dan dianalisis bagaimana konsep etika politik menurut Ibnu Khaldun, karena dalam Muqoddimah memang tidak dijelaskan secara eksplisit dan tersistematis bagaimana konsep etika politik menurut Ibnu Khaldun. Penelitian ini menjai menarik, karena akan menemukan konsep politik Ibnu Khaldun yang masih sporadis dalam Muqoddimah. Dimana seperti yang diketahui, Muqodimah adalah buku yang dikenal sebagai salah satu buku rujukan dalam bidang sosiologi dan sejarah. Sehingga akan menjadi hal baru bahwa Muqoddimah juga memilki konsep etika politik. Dengan menggunakan teori Arkeologi Pengetahuan Michael Foucolt dan Etika Potik Franz Magnis Suseno, akan ditemukan bagaimanana etika politik dalam Muqoddimah. Arkeologi Pengetahuan akan mengangkat fakta-fakta sejarah dalam Muqoddimah yang berhubungan dengan etika politik. Sementara Etika Politik Franz-Magnis Suseno akan menyajikan fakta-fakta sejarah yang ditemukan agar menjadi konsep etika politik yang sistematis dan mudah dipahami. Selain itu, dengan metode penelitian kualitatif, jenis penelitian literasi dan pendekatan hermenetik, penelitian ini akan menjadi rujukan bagaimana etika seorang pemimpin seharusnya dengan bukti sejarah yang ada

Gene Evaluation Algorithm for Reconfiguration of Medium and Large Size Photovoltaic Arrays Exhibiting Non-Uniform Aging

Aging is known to exert various non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules within a PV array that consequently can result in non-uniform operational parameters affecting the individual PV modules, leading to a variable power output of the overall PV array. This study presents an algorithm for optimising the configuration of a PV array within which different PV modules are subject to non-uniform aging processes. The PV array reconfiguration approach suggests maximising power generation across non-uniformly aged PV arrays by merely repositioning, rather than replacing, the PV modules, thereby keeping maintenance costs to a minimum. Such a reconfiguration strategy demands data input on the PV module electrical parameters so that optimal reconfiguration arrangements can be selected. The algorithm repetitively sorts the PV modules according to a hierarchical pattern to minimise the impact of module mismatch arising due to non-uniform aging of panels across the array. Computer modelling and analysis have been performed to assess the efficacy of the suggested approach for a variety of dimensions of randomly non-uniformly aged PV arrays (e.g., 5 × 5 and 7 × 20 PV arrays) using MATLAB. The results demonstrate that enhanced power output is possible from a non-uniformly aged PV array and that this can be applied to a PV array of any size.</jats:p

Adherence to antidiabetic medication during the month of Ramadan among diabetes mellitus patients in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Ramadan may lead to reduced adherence to antidiabetic medications among Saudi diabetes patients due to fasting, changes in daily routine, social and cultural influences, health risks, and inadequate awareness. This study aimed to assess the Saudi population adherence to the diabetes management medication in Ramadan. Methodology: A convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants for the study. Participants were sourced from social media platforms, diabetes mellitus patient groups, and healthcare providers groups. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), a tool, was used to assess medication compliance. Results: A total of 384 individuals were included in this study, 20.3% were from Riyadh, 52.3% were males, 35% aged 31-50 years, and 64.1% had type 2 diabetes mellitus of participants. Age between 31-50 years was negatively associated with compliance (β = -1.06, p = 0.002), while age between 51-65 years is positively associated ((β= 1.00, p = 0.003). Being male was negatively associated with compliance (β= -0.72, p = 0.001). Different fasting behaviors like non-fasting one day or more (β = -2.92, p &lt; 0.001) and fasting all month (β = -2.90, p &lt; 0.001), significantly affect compliance scores with negative associations indicating lower compliance during fasting periods. Various HbA1c levels were significant predictors of compliance. Higher HbA1c levels were associated with increased compliance. Conclusions: The study reveals that age, gender, fasting behaviors and HbA1c levels significantly impact medication compliance among patients with diabetes mellitus during Ramadan

The concept and component of contaminated animals (Al-Jallalah Animals)

Nowadays, food safety and quality have become critical issues of great concern throughout the world. The issue of Halal food particularly has attracted public attention in Malaysia. Muslim consumers should be sure about the food quality in Halal Food Products starting from the ingredients. The confidence can be gained when the whole processes from the production, processing and distribution of the products are traced and confirmed to be Shariah-compliant ones. One of the current important issues nowadays which set as a background of this research is feeding animals with unclean food or unnatural feed to the animals. According to Islamic Jurisprudence, these animals are termed as al-Jallalah or contaminated animals, they are called Coprophagia or Coprophagy. ‘Jalla’ means contaminant or impurity. There are several issues of aquatic animals which need a clear clarification on their status whether they are Halal or haram to be consumed. For example, catfish (Clariasbatrachus, Linnaeus), which is fed with filth or najs and catfish (Pangasiushypopthalmus) which is fed with derivatives of pig organs in several ponds at Batu Gajah, Tronoh and Papan, Perak. The mixture in animals feed with such impurities is applied to save the maintenance and fasten the growing of fish. This research aims to identify the concept of al-Jallalah and its characteristics. It also aims to develop the standard of the contaminated animals (al-Jallalah) and to create new mobile application on this issue for the future development of meat and poultry industry. This study helps to enhance the quality of meat and poultry, to provide consumers with informative choices and it can be used as a marketing tool for the Halal Industry in the future

Entropy Generation and MHD Convection within an Inclined Trapezoidal Heated by Triangular Fin and Filled by a Variable Porous Media

Analyses of the entropy of a thermal system that consists of an inclined trapezoidal geometry heated by a triangular fin are performed. The domain is filled by variable porosity and permeability porous materials and the working mixture is Al2O3-Cu hybrid nanofluids. The porosity is varied exponentially with the smallest distance to the nearest wall and the permeability is depending on the particle diameter. Because of using the two energy equations model (LTNEM), sources of the entropy are entropy due to the transfer of heat of the fluid phase, entropy due to the fluid friction and entropy due to the porous phase transfer of heat. A computational domain with new coordinates (ξ,η) is created and Finite Volume Method (FVM) in case of the non-orthogonal grids is used to solve the resulting system. Various simulations for different values of the inclination angle, Hartmann number and alumina-copper concentration are carried out and the outcomes are presented in terms of streamlines, temperature, fluid friction entropy and Bejan number. It is remarkable that the increase in the inclination angle causes a diminishing of the heat transfer rate. Additionally, the irreversibility due to the temperature gradients is dominant near the heated fins, regardless of the values of the Hartmann number

Smartphone Applications for Period Tracking: Rating and Behavioral Change among Women Users

Background. The use of mobile apps for health and well-being has grown exponentially in the last decade, as such apps were reported to be ideal platforms for behavioral change and symptoms monitoring and management. Objective. This study aimed to systematically review period tracking applications available at Google Play and Apple App Stores and determine the presence, features, and quality of these smartphone apps. In addition, behavioral changes associated with the top 5 rated apps were assessed. Methods. This study used the Systematic Search Criteria through Google Play Store and iTunes Apple Store, using terms related to period tracking. Apps were scanned for matching the inclusion criteria and the included apps were assessed by two reviewers using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS), a tool that was developed for classifying and assessing the quality of mHealth apps. Results. Forty-nine apps met the inclusion criteria. Most of the apps enabled setting user goals, motivations, and interactivity, tracking multiple symptoms or mood changes, allowed notifications, and used graphs to illustrate the tracking result over a specific period of time. The majority of features and functions within these apps were offered for free, while some apps included limited in-app purchases or needed Internet connection to function. Certain apps were reported by participants to promote behavioral change and increase knowledge and awareness regarding monthly periods. Conclusions. Period tracking apps were easy to use and navigate and can hence be readily adopted into routine tracking and management of periods. However, most apps were not based on significant evidence and may need further development to support period-related symptom management

Prevalence of Medication Associated with QTc Prolongation Used Among Critically Ill Patients

Ahmad Al-Azayzih,1 Walid Al-Qerem,2 Sayer Al-Azzam,1 Suhaib Muflih,1 Belal A Al-Husein,1 Zelal Kharaba,3,4 Roaa J Kanaan,1 Dania Rahhal1 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 3College of Pharmacy, AL Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 4Honorary Associate Lecturer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKCorrespondence: Ahmad Al-Azayzih, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, Email [email protected]: Acquired prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval can lead to life-threatening Torsade de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmia. Multiple risk factors including medications, comorbidities, and electrolyte imbalances contribute significantly to acquired manifestations of the QTc prolongation. Critically ill patients are particularly more vulnerable to TdP due to complex medical conditions, aging, and polypharmacy.Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of TdP-associated medication prescribing, identify risk factors for QTc prolongation and TdP, and determine primary predictors of high TdP medication usage in critically ill patients in Jordan.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic medical records for patients from King Abdullah University Hospital who were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between (July 2012-July 2022). We collected data on patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and prescribed medications. Medications were categorized into three TdP risk levels according to CredibleMeds® assessment tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model.Results: Of the 13,300 patients (58.2% male, median age 62 years). Prescribing prevalence for medications with known TdP risk was 19%, possible risk (24.7%), conditional risk (21.6%), and confirmed conditional risk (8.3%). Common comorbidities included hypertension (40.9%), diabetes (33.3%), and cancer (15.4%). Drugs with known TdP risk included citalopram, amiodarone, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin. A binary regression model revealed that as age increased, the odds of TdP associated medication prescribing decreased (OR = 0.989, p < 0.001), while patients on more than five medications had higher odds (OR = 4.281, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The study identified a notable prevalence of prescribing for medications with QTc prolongation/TdP risk in critically ill patients. Healthcare providers in the ICU should exercise caution to minimize the inadvertent prescription of TdP associated medications especially among older patients and those with polypharmacy.Keywords: torsade de pointes, QTc interval, critically ill patients, Jordan, intensive care uni