NMR Spectra of 2-p-Nitrophenylindenone

Proton and C-13 NMR spectral studies of 2-p-nitrophenylindenone indicate that some polarization is present in this compound which would explain its stability to the dimerization that is observed with 2-phenylindenone. Assignment of frequencies in these spectra was based on intensities of signal and comparison with the spectra of 2-p-nitrophenyl-3-phenyl-2-propenenitrile, 2,3-diphenylindenone and the sodium methoxide addition products of 2-p-nitrophenylindenone and 2-p-nitrophenyl-3-phenyl-2-propenenitrile

Decay of the High-K Isomeric State to a Rotational Band in 257Rf

The 257Rf isotope has been populated via the 208Pb(50Ti, n) fusion-evaporation reaction and delayed gamma-ray and electron decay spectroscopy has been performed. The existence of a high-K isomeric state in 257Rf has been confirmed. The isomeric state decays into a rotational band based on the 11/2(-)[725] excitation, which was observed up to spin of (23/2(-)). Three multipolarity-E1 gamma transitions depopulating the isomeric state have been observed, which fixes the spin for that state to (21/2(+)). This assignment agrees with theoretical predictions calculated with the microscopic-macroscopic approach, which suggest the isomeric state to be formed by coupling an unpaired 11/2(-)[725] quasineutron to the (1/2(-)[521] circle times 9/2(+)[624])(5)- two-quasiproton state. The same two-quasiproton excitation is possible for the lowest isomer in 256Rf

Decay and Fission Hindrance of Two- and Four-Quasiparticle K Isomers in (254)Rf

Two isomers decaying by electromagnetic transitions with half-lives of 4.7(1.1) and 247(73)μs have been discovered in the heavy Rf254 nucleus. The observation of the shorter-lived isomer was made possible by a novel application of a digital data acquisition system. The isomers were interpreted as the Kπ=8-, ν2(7/2+[624],9/2-[734]) two-quasineutron and the Kπ=16+, 8-ν2(7/2+[624],9/2-[734])⊗ - 8-π2(7/2-[514],9/2+[624]) four-quasiparticle configurations, respectively. Surprisingly, the lifetime of the two-quasiparticle isomer is more than 4 orders of magnitude shorter than what has been observed for analogous isomers in the lighter N=150 isotones. The four-quasiparticle isomer is longer lived than the Rf254 ground state that decays exclusively by spontaneous fission with a half-life of 23.2(1.1)μs. The absence of sizable fission branches from either of the isomers implies unprecedented fission hindrance relative to the ground state

Decay and Fission Hindrance of Two- and Four-Quasiparticle K Isomers in Rf 254

Two isomers decaying by electromagnetic transitions with half-lives of 4.7(1.1) and 247(73)μs have been discovered in the heavy Rf254 nucleus. The observation of the shorter-lived isomer was made possible by a novel application of a digital data acquisition system. The isomers were interpreted as the Kπ=8-, ν2(7/2+[624],9/2-[734]) two-quasineutron and the Kπ=16+, 8-ν2(7/2+[624],9/2-[734])⊗ - 8-π2(7/2-[514],9/2+[624]) four-quasiparticle configurations, respectively. Surprisingly, the lifetime of the two-quasiparticle isomer is more than 4 orders of magnitude shorter than what has been observed for analogous isomers in the lighter N=150 isotones. The four-quasiparticle isomer is longer lived than the Rf254 ground state that decays exclusively by spontaneous fission with a half-life of 23.2(1.1)μs. The absence of sizable fission branches from either of the isomers implies unprecedented fission hindrance relative to the ground state

Towards the Aqueous Chemistry of Copernicium

This project is focused on developing an aqueous extraction and separation device to perform atom-at-a-time studies of copernicium (Cn). This device will utilize microfluidics to decrease volume and extraction time that will allow for the study of either 285Cn (t¬1/2 = 29 s) or 283Cn(t¬1/2 = 4 s) isotopes. In addition to performing the first aqueous chemistry experiments on Cn, this device will also incorporate a position sensitive detection system allowing for lifetime confirmation of the decaying nucleus. Before Cn can be studied in a chemistry setup, an extraction needs to be developed that will provide meaningful results. To do this, the chemistry of Cn will be compared to its closest homologues: cadmium and mercury. Extractions were developed that would selectively extract each homologue into the organic phase. After finding ideal solution conditions for each homologue, these extractions would be repeated with Cn. The Cn results would then provide insight into its chemical behavior. If Cn extracts under the same conditions as its homologues then it will be said to share similar, metallic properties, and follow group 12 trends. To understand the homologue extraction behavior, experiments were performed in various solutions to determine the conditions that yielded high extraction along with selectivity for that specific homologue. These extractions were done using radioactive isotopes, 109Cd for Cd and 203Hg for Hg. Several different organic ligands were tested for the selective extraction of these two homologues, with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) being selected as the best ligand. The ideal aqueous conditions found for Cd were 0.5 M NH¬4SCN and an organic phase of 0.25 M TOPO in toluene. The selective extraction conditions for Hg were 0.05 M HCl and 0.25 M TOPO in toluene. These conditions were then used for extractions in a microfluidic setup.A microfluidic setup was designed and tested to determine the optimum dimensions and flow rates that would eventually be used for atom-at-a-time studies. Parameters including: flow rate, flow ratio, tubing inner diameter, tubing length, membrane separator, and ligand concentration were tested. The only parameter that affected the extraction was the ligand concentration, which decreased separation efficiency in the setup above 0.20 M TOPO in toluene. This meant the microfluidic conditions used for the atom-at-a-time studies of Cn could be altered drastically to prioritize rapid extraction and separation without affecting the chemistry that is being performed.To determine the position of the probable Cn decay a detector scheme was developed using liquid scintillation counting, photomultiplier tubes (PMT) and liquid lightguides. The nuclear decay would be converted to light by liquid scintillator chemicals. This would occur in a liquid lightguide, which is tubing capable of total internal reflection, and light would travel in both directions to a PMT. Due to light attenuation along the lightguide, the position of the decay can be determined by comparing the PMT pulse heights.The combination of microfluidics and liquid lightguides was used to develop an aqueous chemistry setup that will eventually be utilized to perform atom-at-a-time aqueous chemistry on Cn. This setup will allow for studying other short-lived transactinide elements beyond Cn and broaden the chemistry knowledge on these rare and difficult to study elements