Distributions of the endemic and threatened freshwater fish depik, Rasbora tawarensis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916 in Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Depik fish, Rasbora tawarensis is an endemic and threatened species in Lake Laut Tawar (Central Aceh, Indonesia),and the population of depik has been decreased drastically over the last two decades. Information about distribution patternsis crucially needed in relation to plan better conservation strategies. Hence, the objective of present study was to evaluate thedistribution patterns (spatial and seasonal distribution) based on catch per unit efforts and fish abundance data. Stratifiedrandom sampling was utilized in this study. Two fishing grounds were selected based on information from local fishermen,and a total of 14 fishing sites (seven sites per fishing ground) were determined randomly. Sampling was conducted in differentseasons; dry and wet season. The Rasbora tawarensis is widespread in the lake but most abundant in shallow waters andthe near shore, however, the size is small on average for this area. In contrast, bigger fish was found in deep waters offshore,but with lower abundance. In conclusion, the distribution of depik is not seasonally dependent, but more spatially

Spawning Sites of Depik, Rasbora Tawarensis (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in Lake Laut Tawar, Indonesia

Depik, Rasbora tawarensis is an endemic species in Lake Laut Tawar, Indonesia, and this species has been listed as threatened species. Reproductive biology data is one of the important information to strategise conservation plan. This paper reported the spawning ground of the depik, hence this paper is contributing the additional importance information on the reproductive biology of R. in relation to provide comprehensive our understanding on the reproductive biology of this species. The study was conducted during July to November 2009 in Lake Laut Tawar. A total of 13 spawning grounds were detected in the study where the locations are distributed in five villages namely, five locations in Mendale, two locations in Kelitu, two locations in Gegarang, three locations in Bewang dan one location in Pedemon. However, only four sites remained active in the dry season i.e. two sites in Kelitu and two sites in Gegarang villages

A General Overview on Some Aspects of Fish Reproduction

- Reproduction is one of the important physiological systems that are crucial in the life cycle of living organisms including fish. The main objective of the reproduction is to maintain the existence of the species and therefore fish have a strategies and tactics to achieve this objective. The reproduction behaviours are important to be studied in relation to know the population dynamic of fishes and their spawning seasons. This information is very crucial in relation to the development of breeding technology for aquaculture and conservation (restocking) purposes. This paper reviews the reproductive strategy, fecundity and spawning frequency of fishes

Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in blood and organs of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fed a diet formulated with genetically modified soybean meal

Anxiety regarding the fate of ingested transgenic DNA in farmed fish fed genetically modified (GM) soybean meal (SBM) has been raised with regard to human consumption. The objective of this study was to detect possibility of gene transfer of transgenic and endogenous DNA fragments in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) blood and organs after consumption of a GM SBM diet. Nile tilapias with an average weight of 75.0 g were fed diets containing 48% GM or non-GM SBM for 21 days. During this period, a GM SBM diet was fed to fish for 12 days, and then switched to feed with non-GM SBM for 9 days for determining the residual span of the transferred cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter fragment. Blood, spleen, liver, intestine, kidney, and muscle tissues were taken (n = 10) every three days during the feeding period. Total DNA was extracted from the samples and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for determining the presence of a 108-bp fragment of the CaMV 35S promoter and a 144-bp fragment of the soybean chloroplast-specific DNA. Low-copy chloroplast-specific DNA fragment was detected in all organ and tissue samples and the majority of intestinal samples of fish fed GM SBM diet. Similarly, a low number and faint signals of the CaMV 35S promoter fragments were detected in all organ samples except muscle of fish fed the GM SBM diet, while none were detected 3 days after changing to a non-GM SBM diet. A very low frequency of transmittance to muscle and organs of fish was confirmed. It is recognized that the low copy number of transgenic DNA in the GM SBM diet is a challenge to their detection in tissues. These results suggested that transgenic DNA would be processed in the gastrointestinal tract in a similar manner with conventional plant DNA

Characteristics of nesting habitat of sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea in Lhoknga Beach, Aceh Besar District, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of nesting habitat of sea turtle in Lhoknga beach. The observation was conducted at three locations from January to March 2016. The study showed that the coastal slope average ranges 1.03 ° - 1.38 °. The average of nest temperature was 28.05 °C to 29.47 °C (inside the nest) and from 28.77 ° C to 29.95 ° C (at the surface of the nest). The width beach at high tide ranges from 20.17 m to 21.83 m and 31 m to 33.83 m at low tide. The nest humidity ranges from 20.5% -24.15%. There were six species of coastal vegetation recorded during the study, where station 1 has higher of density and diversity of the coastal vegetation. In general, Lhoknga Beach is suitable for nesting of the sea turtle. A total of 13 sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were nesting during the study, where station 1 had higher of nesting frequency

Effect of different water pH on hatching and survival rates of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae)

Water quality parameters influence the growth and survival of different stages of fishes and hence determining the optimal water quality variables is greatly important for any aquaculture farming. Among the variables, water pH is considered the key factors and plays an important role in the maintenance of the homeostasis in fishes. A study was conducted to determine the influence of different water pH on the incubation period, hatching rate and survival rate of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae. The fertilized eggs were incubated at 28.0 ± 1.0 °C with different levels of water pH ranging from 3-10. Twenty four pH levels were tested for incubation period and egg hatchability while 15 pH levels were tested for larval survivability in a completely randomized design with three replicates for each treatment. Just hatched larvae were used for this study and the effect was observed until 72 h post-hatching. Water pH was maintained by the addition of NaOH or H2SO4solutions. The incubation times of fertilized eggs were recorded to be 23.5–25.0 h at pH levels of 6.1–8.8. The increased incubation time was noticed at the rest of the acidic and alkaline pH levels. Significantly highest hatching rate was observed at the pH levels of 6.7–7.6 compared to those at lower and higher pH levels (P0.05). However, no significant differences (P0.05) were recognized in the hatching rates at the pH levels of 6.7 – 7.6. No hatching occurred at low pH levels between 3.1 and 3.4 and at high pH of 10. After 72 h of exposure to different pH levels, no larvae survived at pH levels below 4.5 and above 9.0.  Highest larval survival (98%) was observed at pH 7.0 followed by 94% at pH 7.5 and 92% at pH 6.5. The results obtained in the present study revealed embryos and larvae can survive and tolerate to a low pH level of 3.7 and 4.5, respectively but the survival rates decreased with decreasing pH levels. Therefore, a water pH level of 6.7–7.5 is highly recommended for optimal hatching and highest larval viability of C. gariepinus

Relationship between Smoking Activity and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Exposure to cigarette smoke is one risk factor that can lead to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between smoking and the stage of COPD. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 60 COPD patients were involved in the study between September and November 2015 at the pulmonary ward of Zainoel Abidin General Hospital (ZAGH), Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The data were analyzed with the non-parametric bivariate test. RESULTS: The results showed that 55% of patients with COPD were aged between 40 and 60 years; 63.33% of them were heavy smokers. About 50% of moderate smokers suffered from Stage III COPD, while 34.21% of heavy smokers suffered from Stage III and Stage VI (severe) COPD, respectively, with p = 0.007. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong relationship between smoking and COPD stage among patients at ZAGH

Hubungan Panjang Berat dan Faktor Kondisi Ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris Marmorata) di Sungai Ulim Kabupaten Pidie Jaya, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the length weight relationship of the marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) in Ulim River, Pidie Jaya District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The sampling was conducted at three sampling locations during February to May 2016. The Linear Allometric Model (LAM) and Relative weight condition factors were performed in this study. The study b value ranged between 2.70 to 2.74 indicate a negative allometric growth pattern. The relative weight condition factor was tended to 100. It means that the Ulim Rivers is still in good condition.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan panjang berat dan factor kondisi ikan betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata) di Sungai Ulim Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey eksploratif pada tiga lokasi sampling selama Februari 2016 sampai Mei 2016 sebanyak 12 kali sampling. Model yang digunakan adalah Linear Allometric dan Faktor kondisi berat relative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata nilai b berkisar 2,70 sampai 2.74 memunjukkan pola pertumbuhan allometric negative dan factor kondisi berat relatif mendekai 100, bermakna kondisi perairan masih dalam kondisi yang seimbang

Komunitas fitoplankton di daerah estuaria Krueng Aceh, Kota Banda Aceh

Abstract. The study on the phytoplankton community in estuary area of Aceh River was done from August to October 2006. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the structure of the phytoplankton community in Aceh River post tsunami. Explorative survey was done at three sampling sites along the river. Sampling sites were determinated based on salinity zoning; 30 ppt, 18-30 ppt and 5-18 ppt. The results show that higher diversity of the phytoplankton was found at sampling site 1, while the lower diversity was recorded at sampling site 3. There were no dominancy of species at all of sampling locatios. Diversity index was ranged between 0.95 to 0.98 and its mean that the diversity is higher at all of stations, while similarity between station 1 and 2 was higher compared to others stations.There was no difference in division composition of phytoplankton post tsunami, however, the total species was increased post tsunami.Keywords: Abundance, diversity index, similarity index, and tsunam

Removal of Eggs Adhesiveness of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at Different Concentrations of Urea Solution

 Abstract –The objective of the present study was to determine the best concentration of urea solution and rinsing time to remove adhesiveness of African catfish eggs. Four different concentrations of rinse solution were used in this experiment comprising of 2 g, 4 g, 6 g and 8 g of urea diluted in 4 g NaCl/L of water producing a concentration of 0.486 mM, 0.973 mM, 1.458 mM, and 1.946 mM of urea concentration respectively, while 4 g NaCl/L of water without urea were used as control. The fish eggs were rinsed with the solutions at different durations namely; 1, 5 and 10 minutes. Each rinsing solution concentration and rinsing time were conducted in three replicates. The fertilization and hatching rates increased and peaked from the control (0 mM of urea) to 0.466 mN urea and decreased when concentration of urea was increased to 0.973 mM urea and 1.458 mM urea, then increased again at 1.946 mM urea, but these values were lower than at 0.486 mM urea. Thus, the best concentration for fertilization and hatching rates were 0.486 urea of urea. However 0.973 mM of urea was optimum in reducing clumping of eggs. Keywords: Clumping; Fertilization; Hatching; Brood fis