Innovación tecnológica en el proceso de producción de alimentos en la fábrica “la Matagalpa”, municipio de Matagalpa, año 2013

El presente trabajo expone un estudio realizado en la fábrica “La Matagalpa” sobre el proceso de producción de alimentos “Encurtidos a base de vegetales” con el objetivo de conocer las etapas de su producción, para determinar las principales dificultades que se encuentran en el proceso y proponer técnicas de innovación que ayuden a la empresa a mejorar su proceso. Este trabajo se enfoca en el estudio del proceso de producción que realizan en la empresa, teniendo como fundamentos para nuestro estudio, la calidad y productividad de la empresa, para esto es necesario identificar los elementos del sistema, las normas de higiene, la capacidad y disposición de los operarios en las gestiones a realizar dentro del proceso productivo. Actualmente la empresa cuenta con procesos manuales y cuenta con ayuda de pequeñas maquinarias para la elaboración de los distintos procesos, las instalaciones de la empresa podrían mejorar para brindar una mejor condición e higiene laboral, sin embargo el producto cumple con los requerimientos higiénicos exigidos. La empresa, a pesar de contar con cierto material, equipo y conocimientos necesarios para la producción de encurtidos, aún no ha adquirido una nueva cultura de calidad, productividad e innovación contínua en lo que se elabora, ente esto surgen aspectos que obstaculizan la calidad, la productividad y el éxito de la empresa. Entre estos el más influyente, la indisposición de sus directivos en la inversión, para generarles nuevos conocimientos a sus operarios a través de capacitaciones y la falta de actitud de los operarios hacia la mejora contínua. Existen distintos factores que puede afectar todo el proceso productivo, por ello se recomienda tomar en cuenta los distintos aspectos mencionados en la guía de recomendaciones los cuales están basados en las dificultades encontradas en la empresa y podría ser de ayuda para búsqueda de la calidad, productividad y el éxito de la empres

I simposio Internacional sobre Investigación en la enseñanza de las ciencias

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Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele