11,156 research outputs found
Deductive Verification of Unmodified Linux Kernel Library Functions
This paper presents results from the development and evaluation of a
deductive verification benchmark consisting of 26 unmodified Linux kernel
library functions implementing conventional memory and string operations. The
formal contract of the functions was extracted from their source code and was
represented in the form of preconditions and postconditions. The correctness of
23 functions was completely proved using AstraVer toolset, although success for
11 functions was achieved using 2 new specification language constructs.
Another 2 functions were proved after a minor modification of their source
code, while the final one cannot be completely proved using the existing memory
model. The benchmark can be used for the testing and evaluation of deductive
verification tools and as a starting point for verifying other parts of the
Linux kernel.Comment: 18 pages, 2 tables, 6 listings. Accepted to ISoLA 2018 conference.
Evaluating Tools for Software Verification trac
Male mice emit distinct ultrasonic vocalizations when the female leaves the social interaction arena.
Adult male mice emit large number of complex ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) when interacting with adult females. Call numbers and call categories differ greatly among inbred mouse strains. Little is known about USV emissions when the social partner departs. To investigate whether call repertoires and call rates are different when the male is interacting with a female and after the removal of the female, we designed a novel male-female social interaction test in which vocalizations were recorded across three phases. During phase 1, the male subject freely interacts with an unfamiliar estrus female mouse in a clean cage for 5 min. During phase 2, the female is removed while the male remains in the cage for 3 min. During phase 3, the same female is returned to the cage to rejoin the male subject mouse for 3 min. C57BL/6J (B6), FVB.129P2-Pde6b(+) Tyr(c-ch)/Ant (FVB), and BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) male subject mice were tested in this paradigm. All three strains emitted USVs during their initial interaction with the female partner. When the female was reintroduced in phase 3, numbers of USVs were similar to the initial introductory phase 1. Strain comparisons indicated fewer calls in pairs of BTBR males and stimulus females than in pairs of B6 males and stimulus females and pairs of FVB males and stimulus females. In the absence of the female, all FVB males vocalized, while only one third of B6 males and one third of BTBR males vocalized. In all three strains, changes in call category repertoires were detected after the female was removed. Call categories reverted to the phase 1 pattern when the female was returned in phase 3. Present findings indicate that males of commonly used inbred strains emit USVs when a partner female leaves the testing arena, suggesting that removing a salient social stimulus may be a unique approach to elicit USVs from mice. Our three-phase paradigm may also be useful for studying attention to social cues, and qualitative differences in vocalizations when a social partner is present vs. suddenly absent
IMMIGRATION AND DISCRIMINATION IN A FORMER EMIGRANT COUNTRY: THE CASE OF SPAIN
This article analyses the immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain, which only recently has become a host country. The paper exploits the Earnings Structure Survey 2006, which is the first nationally representative sample of both foreign and Spanish employees. Using the Machado-Mata econometric procedure, wage differentials between locals and foreigners are decomposed into the gap related to characteristics and the one due to different returns on endowments (i.e., discrimination). We find that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling consistent with the evidence of over-education found by previous research.Immigration, Wage differentials, Spain, Quantile regression
Low Scale Non-universal, Non-anomalous U(1)'_F in a Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
We propose a non-universal U(1)'_F symmetry combined with the Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model. All anomaly cancellation conditions are
satisfied without exotic fields other than three right-handed neutrinos.
Because our model allows all three generations of chiral superfields to have
different U(1)'_F charges, upon the breaking of the U(1)'_F symmetry at a low
scale, realistic masses and mixing angles in both the quark and lepton sectors
are obtained. In our model, neutrinos are predicted to be Dirac fermions and
their mass ordering is of the inverted hierarchy type. The U(1)'_F charges of
the chiral super-fields also naturally suppress the mu term and automatically
forbid baryon number and lepton number violating operators. While all
flavor-changing neutral current constraints in the down quark and charged
lepton sectors can be satisfied, we find that constraint from D0-D0bar turns
out to be much more stringent than the constraints from the precision
electroweak data.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures; v2: discussion on sparticle mass spectrum
included, 27 pages, 2 figure
Antara Profesi, Kompetensi Dan Tugas Kependidikan Seorang Guru
Experts of education introduce various theory of learning, so that learning can run effective and effiient, and it is no needs many times. In fact, there is no any theory that shows strategy of learning completely. There are many factors that must be considered, both of internal and external factors. The most inflential of external factors is teacher. Whetherstudents able to receive material well or not is inflenced by teacher. At home, the responsibility of student in the hand of parents, but at school the responsibility of student taken by teacher. In the daily activity, society put high expectation to teacher, since they want their children experience positive -constructive changes
Are disaggregate industrial returns sensitive to economic policy uncertainty
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty on disaggregate US sector based returns. Our work is motivated by the presence of non-linear relationship between US economic policy uncertainty and equity returns of sampled US sectors. The paper uses weekly data from January 1995 to December 2015 for all the return indices and economic policy uncertainty data mainly based on policy issues, provision set for the US federal tax code and disagreement among economic forecasters. Our results indicate that information technology, utilities, industrial and telecommunication sectors remain insensitive to changes in the US economic policy uncertainty. However, financial and the consumer discretionary sectors show significant long run asymmetric relationship with the EPU.Accepted versio
Analysis of bacterial strains from contaminated and non-contaminated sites for the production of biopolymers
A total 18 strains were collected from non-contaminated and contaminated environments, and were purified. All purified strains were characterized for Gram reaction and biochemical analysis. Screening for bioplastic production was done by Sudan black staining. Strains isolated from non-contaminated sites showed no polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. Biochemical analysis showed that PHA producing strains belong to Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Bacillus genera. PHA extraction was done by sodium hypochlorite digestion method. Strain MS2D showed maximum percentage (65%). Production of PHA was optimized for different temperatures and pH. Selected strains were also tested for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production on EPS detection medium by solvent precipitation method. Four out of nine strains exhibited EPS production ability. EPS production was also optimized for different temperatures and pH
Relating Leptogenesis to Low Energy Flavor Violating Observables in Models with Spontaneous CP Violation
In the minimal left-right symmetric model, there are only two intrinsic CP
violating phases to account for all CP violation in both the quark and lepton
sectors, if CP is broken spontaneously by the complex phases in the VEV's of
the scalar fields. In addition, the left- and right-handed Majorana mass terms
for the neutrinos are proportional to each other due to the parity in the
model. This is thus a very constrained framework, making the existence of
correlations among the CP violation in leptogenesis, neutrino oscillation and
neutrinoless double beta decay possible. In these models, CP violation in the
leptonic sector and CP violation in the quark sector are also related. We find,
however, that such connection is rather weak due to the large hierarchy in the
bi-doublet VEV required by a realistic quark sector.Comment: RevTeX4, 21 pages; v2: references added, version to appear in Phys.
Rev.
TeV Scale Seesaw and a flavorful Z' at the LHC
Small neutrino masses and their large mixing angles can be generated at the
TeV scale by augmenting the Standard Model with an additional generation
dependent, anomaly-free U(1)_{nu} symmetry, in the presence of three
right-handed neutrinos. The Z' gauge boson associated with the breaking of the
U(1)_{nu} symmetry can be produced at the LHC. The flavorful nature of the Z'
can be established by measuring its non-universal couplings to the charged
leptons as determined by the lepton's U(1)_{nu} charges, which also govern the
neutrino flavor structure. While the LHC has the potential of discovering the
Z' up to M_{Z'} = 4.5 TeV with 100 fb^(-1) data at the center of mass energy
sqrt{s} = 14 TeV, to establish the flavorful nature of the Z' requires much
higher integrated luminosity. For our bench mark parameters that are consistent
with neutrino oscillation data, at sqrt{s} = 14 TeV, a 5 sigma distinction
between the dielectron and dimuon channels for M_{Z'} = 3 TeV requires 500
fb^(-1) of data. We find that the forward backward asymmetry distributions can
also be useful in distinguishing the dielectron and dimuon channels in the low
invariant mass and transverse momentum regions.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures; v2: version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Suppression of backward scattering of Dirac fermions in iron pnictides Ba(FeRuAs)
We report electronic transport of Dirac cones when Fe is replaced by Ru,
which has an isoelectronic electron configuration to Fe, using single crystals
of Ba(FeRuAs). The electronic transport of parabolic bands is
shown to be suppressed by scattering due to the crystal lattice distortion and
the impurity effect of Ru, while that of the Dirac cone is not significantly
reduced due to the intrinsic character of Dirac cones. It is clearly shown from
magnetoresistance and Hall coefficient measurements that the inverse of average
mobility, proportional to cyclotron effective mass, develops as the square root
of the carrier number (n) of the Dirac cones. This is the unique character of
the Dirac cone linear dispersion relationship. Scattering of Ru on the Dirac
cones is discussed in terms of the estimated mean free path using experimental
parameters.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, To be published in Phys. Rev.
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