Lipids in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and effects on human health

There is evidence that n-3 fatty acids (FA), especially EPA and DHA, are beneficial for human health. This thesis examined factors influencing FA composition in common carp flesh, sought to develop a procedure for long-term sustainable culture of common carp with improved muscle lipid quality (omega 3 carp) and studied the health benefits of eating such carp in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. An approach using the bioactive compound sesamin to increase biosynthesis of EPA and DHA from alpha linolenic acid showed that addition of sesamin did not alter muscle lipid composition in common carp. Investigations of the response of carp to finishing feeding and prediction of FA changes by a dilution model revealed that fillet FA composition reflected the FA composition of the diet and was correlated to the length of the feeding period. The simple dilution model accurately predicted changes in the fillet FA composition. A procedure for long-term sustainable culture of omega 3 carp based on supplementation by pellets containing rapeseed cake and extruded linseed as a lipid source was developed and the carp were compared with fish supplemented by cereals and fish kept on natural feed (plankton and benthos) only. Carp supplemented by cereals were characterised by a high level of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and low level of n-3 FA, whereas carp supplemented by the rapeseed/linseed pellets had a favourable FA profile close to that of fish kept on natural feed only. Studies on the effects of purging on carp flesh lipid content and composition showed that lipid quality changed during the purging period, with increasing levels of n-3 FA and decreasing levels of MUFA. Supplementation with rapeseed/linseed pellets in the growing period and purging for no longer than 14 days resulted in a nutritionally beneficial FA composition combined with an economically acceptable weight loss. In studies on the health benefits of carp in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, consumption of carp improved plasma lipid parameters in patients after major cardiac revascularisation surgery. Overall, these results suggest that culture of carp should be recognised as long-term sustainable and carp should be promoted as a healthy and local product

The social responsibility of media on the example of Edward R. Murrow

Diplomová práce "Sociální odpovědnost médií na příkladu Edwarda R. Murrowa" pojednává o vývoji konceptu sociální odpovědnosti médií v americkém rozhlasovém a televizním vysílání od 20. do 50. let dvacátého století a demonstruje ji na příkladech vysílání reportéra a moderátora vysílací sítě CBS Edwarda R. Murrowa. Práce se podrobněji věnuje rozboru historického kontextu vzniku vysílání odpovědného ke společnosti, představuje klíčové události, regulační orgány, kořeny konceptu sociální odpovědnosti médií a tendence jeho vývoje. Zaměřuje se nejprve na rozvoj rozhlasového vysílání, vznik potřeby určitého stupně regulace a získání dominantního postavení komerčních vysílacích medií na vysílacím trhu na konci 30. let. Dále se zabývá vznikem televizního vysílání na konci 40. let a jeho rozvojem v 50. letech. Projevy sociální odpovědnosti jsou demonstrovány na příkladech Murrowova rozhlasového vysílání z Londýna během druhé světové války a dále televizního vysílání v pořadu See It Now z doby mccarthismu v první polovině 50. let. Práce dále podrobněji rozebírá některé Murrowovy rozhlasové a televizní pořady a jeho působení v CBS od konce 30. let až po jeho odchod na počátku 60. let.The master's thesis "The Social Responsibility of Media in the Example of Edward R.Murrow" describes the development of social responsibility of media in the American radio and television broadcasting in the 20's - 50's of the 19th century and it demonstrates that in the examples of a CBS's reporter and anchorman, Edward R. Murrow. The thesis inquires the historical context in which the responsibilities of broadcasters came about describing the key events, regulatory authorities and the inception of the socially responsible media concept and its development trends. Firstly, the text focuses on the development of radio broadcasting, new demand for some level of control, and on the gaining dominance of commercial broadcasting media on the broadcasting market of the late 30's. Furthermore, the thesis analyzes the origins of television broadcasting of the late 40's and its progress in the 50's. The instances of social responsibility are demonstrated in the examples of Murrow's London radio broadcasts during the WWII and his latter TV show 'See It Now' in the McCarthyism era of the early 50's. Moreover, the thesis scrutinizes some of Murrow's TV and radio shows and looks at his activities in CBS from the late 30's up to his retirement in the early 60's.Department of Media StudiesKatedra mediálních studiíFaculty of Social SciencesFakulta sociálních vě

Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Background: Dietary fibers (DFs) are known as potential formulations in human health due to their beneficial effects in control of life-threatening chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. In recent decades scientists around the globe have shown tremendous interest to evaluate the interplay between DFs and gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota. Evidences from various epidemiological and clinical trials have revealed that DFs modulate formation and metabolic activities of the microbial communities residing in the human GIT which in turn play significant roles in maintaining health and well-being. Furthermore, interestingly, a rapidly growing literature indicates success of DFs being prebiotics in immunomodulation, namely the stimulation of innate, cellular and humoral immune response, which could also be linked with their significant roles in modulation of the probiotics (live beneficial microorganisms). Scope and approach: The main focus of the current review is to expressively highlight the importance of DFs being prebiotics in human health in association with their influence on gut microbiota. Now in order to significantly achieve the promising health benefits from these prebiotics, it is aimed to develop novel formulations to enhance and scale up their efficacy. Therefore, finally, herein unlike previously published articles, we highlighted different kinds of prebiotic and probiotic formulations which are being regarded as hot research topics among the scientific community now a days. Conclusion: The information in this article will specifically provide a platform for the development of novel functional foods the demands for which has risen drastically in recent years

Nutritional value of several commercially important river fish species from the Czech Republic

Proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of seven freshwater fish species from the Czech Republic were examined. Moreover, the index of atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were calculated from the obtained data. These two indices along with the total content of the essential n-3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as the ratio of n-6/n3 FAs, provide good indicators for the nutritional value of the fish. The species had been selected owing to the limited amount of information about their nutritional composition available. Furthermore, they are not typically subject to aquaculture, being almost exclusively obtained by angling. The protein content was relatively stable in all species (17.1 ± 1.55 to 19.2 ± 2.20 g/100 g). The content of carbohydrates ranged from 0.02 ± 0.1 to 0.99 ± 0.0 g/100 g and ash from 1.08 ± 0.20 to 2.54 ± 1.57 g/100 g. As expected, a high variability was observed in the fat content (0.74 ± 0.04 to 4.04 ± 0.81 g/100 g) and the FA composition, as well as the contents of EPA and DHA. IA and IT were close to the values stated for the Eskimo diet, indicating a high nutritional value with a positive effect for human health

The use of continuous glucose monitoring combined with computer-based eMPC algorithm for tight glucose control in cardiosurgical ICU.

AIM: In postcardiac surgery patients, we assessed the performance of a system for intensive intravenous insulin therapy using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and enhanced model predictive control (eMPC) algorithm. METHODS: Glucose control in eMPC-CGM group (n = 12) was compared with a control (C) group (n = 12) treated by intravenous insulin infusion adjusted according to eMPC protocol with a variable sampling interval alone. In the eMPC-CGM group glucose measured with a REAL-Time CGM system (Guardian RT) served as input for the eMPC adjusting insulin infusion every 15 minutes. The accuracy of CGM was evaluated hourly using reference arterial glucose and Clarke error-grid analysis (C-EGA). Target glucose range was 4.4-6.1 mmol/L. RESULTS: Of the 277 paired CGM-reference glycemic values, 270 (97.5%) were in clinically acceptable zones of C-EGA and only 7 (2.5%) were in unacceptable D zone. Glucose control in eMPC-CGM group was comparable to C group in all measured values (average glycemia, percentage of time above, within, and below target range,). No episode of hypoglycemia (<2.9 mmol) occurred in eMPC-CGM group compared to 2 in C group. CONCLUSION: Our data show that the combination of eMPC algorithm with CGM is reliable and accurate enough to test this approach in a larger study population.Peer Reviewe

Case study of liquid cooling of automotive headlights with hollow fiber heat exchanger

Thermal performance of small liquid cooling systems based on polymeric hollow fibers was experimentally studied for the cooling of automotive lighting components integrated with high power Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Firstly, the tests with control electric heaters on a printed circuit board (PCB) were performed to precisely measure the thermal performance. The cooling effect of liquid cooling system installed on the PCB board of Skoda Octavia 4 (SK38) and Skoda Enyaq (SK316) was tested as the second step. Results of the testing show that the proposed plastic radiators ensure efficient and uniform cooling of the PCBs and keep the LEDs operation temperature much below the recommended 110 C. As the heat generation is relatively small for liquid cooling (tens of watts), there is only 3–10 l/h flow rate of coolant needed, allowing to operate the plastic radiator with low velocity and pressure drops (below 1 kPa). Additionally, apart from excellent cooling, the tested polymeric radiators are about ten times lighter than their aluminium passive finned competitors

Sympatric diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Centaurea stoebe s.l. do not differ in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities and mycorrhizal growth response

Genome duplication is associated with multiple changes at different levels, including interactions with pollinators and herbivores. Yet little is known whether polyploidy may also shape belowground interactions.Methods: To elucidate potential ploidy‐specific interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we compared mycorrhizal colonization and assembly of AMF communities in roots of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe s.l. (Asteraceae) co‐occurring in a Central European population. In a follow‐up greenhouse experiment, we tested inter‐cytotype differences in mycorrhizal growth response by combining ploidy, substrate, and inoculation with native AMF in a full‐factorial design.Key Results: All sampled plants were highly colonized by AMF, with the Glomeraceae predominating. AMF‐community composition revealed by 454‐pyrosequencing reflected the spatial distribution of the hosts, but not their ploidy level or soil characteristics. In the greenhouse experiment, the tetraploids produced more shoot biomass than the diploids did when grown in a more fertile substrate, while no inter‐cytotype differences were found in a less fertile substrate. AMF inoculation significantly reduced plant growth and improved P uptake, but its effects did not differ between the cytotypes.Conclusions: The results do not support our hypotheses that the cytotype structure in a mixed‐ploidy population of C. stoebe is mirrored in AMF‐community composition and that ploidy‐specific fungal communities contribute to cytotype co‐existence. Causes and implications of the observed negative growth response to AMF are discussed

Towards achieving circularity and sustainability in feeds for farmed blue foods

acceptedVersio

Lipid quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in pond culture

There is a large body of evidence that n-3 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA are beneficial for human health. Content of these fatty acids in fish fillet can be influenced by several factors. This thesis examined differences in lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition among three parts of common carp fillets. The effect of genetic background on lipid content and fatty acid composition in common carp was investigated. An approach of using biologically active compound sesamin which might modulate the fish metabolism to synthesize more n-3 HUFA from ALA was tested. The results showed that lipid content and composition differed strongly among the three parts of common carp fillet. The lowest lipid content was found in dorsal white muscle (0.95±0.14%), medium in red muscle (16.7±5.0%), whereas the highest was found in abdominal wall (30.2±7.8%). Abdominal wall with the highest lipid content was dominated by triacylglycerols whereas the white muscle had the highest contribution of phospholipids. The total lipid fatty acid composition differed greatly depending on the lipid content and ratio between phospholipids and triacylglycerols. The fatty acid composition of the leanest part, the white muscle, contained a large proportion of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and a ratio n-3/n-6 = 1.1, having a high proportion of phospholipids. The abdominal wall was rich in monounsaturated FA and had a lower ratio n-3/n-6 = 0.5. There were only slight differences in muscle fatty acid composition among four carp crossbreeds caused probably by differences in lipid content. Addition of sesamin did not alter muscle lipid composition in common carp