Grenzüberschreitung und Transzendenz. Zur Rolle der Religion im ethischen Diskurs

Die biopolitische Debatte um Stammzellforschung und Reproduktionsmedizin hat heftigen Streit über biologische Sachverhalte und damit kommunizierende anthropologische Fragen provoziert. Nicht minder strittig sind die sozialen Implikationen der kontroversen Sachverhalte. Inwieweit verändern die Entwicklungen in Molekulargenetik und Reproduktionsmedizin unsere normativen Orientierungen? Welche Rolle spielen Politik und Recht gegenüber Wissenschaft und Ökonomie? Und wie prägen biotechnologische Innovationen ethische Diskurse? Die Beiträge des Bandes gehen solchen Fragen nach. Sie bieten Informationen und Einschätzungen aus medizinischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Perspektiven und sie enthalten norm- und kulturwissenschaftliche Reflexionen aus Pädagogik, Philosophie und Theologie. Der Band ist aus einer multidisziplinären Ringvorlesung hervorgegangen, die im Sommersemester 2002 an der Universität Hamburg stattgefunden hat.The biopolitical debate on stem cell research and reproductive medicine has provoked heated controversy over biological issues and related anthropological questions. The social implications of the controversial issues are no less controversial: To what extent are developments in molecular genetics and reproductive medicine changing our normative orientations? What role do politics and law play in relation to science and economics? And how do biotechnological innovations shape ethical discourses? The contributions of the volume address such questions. They offer information and assessments from medical and scientific perspectives and contain normative and cultural studies reflections from pedagogy, philosophy and theology. The volume is the result of a multidisciplinary lecture series that took place in the summer semester 2002 at the University of Hamburg

Religion and the Legal Sphere

The article discusses the role of, and the political debate on, religion in the legal sphere by, first of all, reflecting on the normative order of German religious constitutional law (Religionsverfassungsrecht). Religious freedom has to be guaranteed in both versions, the positive and the negative one. Thereby, it asks for a concept of (formal) law including the very idea of law besides traditional Natural Law theories and reductionist views on legal positivism. For that, it is necessary to neutralize the myth of neutrality in civil society as well as to be aware of the surplus of meaning and the limitations of formal procedures in the legal sphere

Decachlorocyclopentasilanes coordinated by pairs of chloride anions, with different cations, but the same solvent molecules

We have determined the crystal structures of two decachlorocyclopentasilanes, namely bis(tetra-n-butylammonium) dichloride decachlorocyclopentasilane dichloromethane disolvate, 2C16H36N+·2Cl−·Si5Cl10·2CH2Cl2, (I), and bis(tetraethylammonium) dichloride decachlorocyclopentasilane dichloromethane disolvate, 2C8H20N+·2Cl−·Si5Cl10·2CH2Cl2, (II), both of which crystallize with discrete cations, anions, and solvent molecules. In (I), the complete decachlorocyclopentasilane ring is generated by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. In (II), one cation is located on a general position and the other two are disordered about centres of inversion. These are the first structures featuring the structural motif of a five-membered cyclopentasilane ring coordinated from both sides by a chloride ion. The extended structures of (I) and (II) feature numerous C—H...Cl interactions. In (II), the N atoms are located on centres of inversion and as a result, the ethylene chains are disordered over equally occupied orientations

Experience Report of Potential Free Temperature Measurement with commercially available Pyrometers in gas insulated systems

A potential free temperature measurement in gas insulated switchgear and lines (GIS/GIL) was investigated within an HVDC research project, because the temperature is of high importance during development and operation of HVDC equipment. Infrared spectrum measurement of the heated inner conductor by pyrometer sensors has emerged as the best technical solution for HVDC GIS/GIL. To optimize the infrared emission of the inner conductor, it was painted with black varnish. The sensor had to be adjusted to the infrared transmission of the pressurized insulating gas atmosphere. Experiences as well as methods to perform such a calibration are shown in the paper. A calibration by adjusting transmission and emission coefficients inside the sensor software did not succeeded, because the coefficients differed for variable sensor ambient temperatures. A successful calibration was possible by considering two major variables: the pyrometer output as well as the sensor ambient temperature. However, certain limits of the pyrometer measurement in GIS/GIL were observed as well. The EMC performance of the pyrometer was improved by an additional electronic unit, which protects the commercial electronics. Overall, the potential free temperature measurement could be performed during the long-term operation of the regarded HVDC GIL system. Typical temperature curves based on the calibrated pyrometer sensor are shown

Deca­chloro­cyclo­penta­silanes coordinated by pairs of chloride anions, with different cations, but the same solvent mol­ecules

We have determined the crystal structures of two deca­chloro­cyclo­penta­silanes, namely bis­(tetra-n-butyl­ammonium) dichloride deca­chloro­cyclo­penta­silane di­chloro­methane disolvate, 2C16H36N+·2Cl−·Si5Cl10·2CH2Cl2, (I), and bis­(tetra­ethyl­ammonium) dichloride deca­chloro­cyclo­penta­silane di­chloro­methane disolvate, 2C8H20N+·2Cl−·Si5Cl10·2CH2Cl2, (II), both of which crystallize with discrete cations, anions, and solvent mol­ecules. In (I), the complete deca­chloro­cyclo­penta­silane ring is generated by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. In (II), one cation is located on a general position and the other two are disordered about centres of inversion. These are the first structures featuring the structural motif of a five-membered cyclo­penta­silane ring coordinated from both sides by a chloride ion. The extended structures of (I) and (II) feature numerous C—H⋯Cl inter­actions. In (II), the N atoms are located on centres of inversion and as a result, the ethyl­ene chains are disordered over equally occupied orientations

Lewis Acidity of Si₆Cl₁₂ and Its Role as Convenient SiCl₂ Source

The free cyclohexasilane Si₆Cl₁₂ (<b>1</b>) was obtained in 66% yield from the corresponding Cl^– diadduct [<i>n</i>Bu₄N]₂[<b>1</b>·2Cl] and AlCl₃ in C₆H₆. The substituted cyclohexasilane 1,1-(Cl₃Si)₂Si₆Cl₁₀ (<b>2</b>), however, cannot be liberated from [<i>n</i>Bu₄N]₂[<b>2</b>·2Cl] under comparable reaction conditions. Instead, a mixture of several products was obtained, from which the oligosilane Si₁₉Cl₃₆ (<b>3</b>) crystallized in low yields. X-ray crystallography revealed <b>3</b> to consist of two Si₅ rings, bridged by one silicon atom. Compound <b>1</b> possesses Lewis acidic sites above and below the ring centroid. Competition experiments reveal that their corresponding acid strengths are comparable to that of BCl₃. The reaction of <b>1</b> with 6 equiv of 1,3-bis­(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)­imidazol-2-ylidene (Idipp) leads to a complete breakdown of the cyclic scaffold and furnishes the dichlorosilylene adduct Idipp–SiCl₂