91 research outputs found
Outcome of children with panarteritis nodosa: a series of 30 cases
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Beluga Vocalizations Decrease in Response to Vessel Traffic in the Mackenzie River Estuary
Vessel traffic negatively affects marine mammals by causing behavioural disturbance, acoustic masking, contamination (i.e., oil spills), and ship strikes. Few studies have examined the effects of vessels on marine mammals in the Arctic, but beluga whales appear to be especially sensitive to vessel traffic. We examine how the vocalizations of belugas are impacted by vessel traffic in the Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area in the Mackenzie River estuary of the western Canadian Arctic. Between one and four acoustic recorders were deployed between June and August each year between 2015 and 2018 near the only shipping channel at this site. We examined beluga vocalizations from acoustic recordings over four summers and assessed how the distance to the nearest vessel passing the acoustic recorder affected the number of vocalizations. Beluga vocalizations within the range of the acoustic recorder decreased significantly when vessels were within 5 km of the acoustic recorder. This result suggests either that belugas are avoiding the vessel or that they reduce their vocalization in response to vessel traffic. Future work is needed to assess exactly how belugas are reacting to vessel traffic in this area and what the long-term consequences of these reactions are. Management measures for reducing these impacts must be carefully considered, especially since these vessels are very restricted in where they can travel, and many of the vessels are necessary for the livelihoods of local communities.La circulation maritime a des effets nĂ©gatifs sur les mammifĂšres marins, car elle entraĂźne des perturbations comportementales, masque leurs signaux acoustiques et engendre de la contamination (comme des dĂ©versements de pĂ©trole) et des collisions. Bien que peu dâĂ©tudes aient examinĂ© les effets des bateaux sur les mammifĂšres marins de lâArctique, les bĂ©lugas semblent particuliĂšrement sensibles Ă la circulation maritime. Dans cet article, nous examinons en quoi les vocalisations des bĂ©lugas sont touchĂ©es par la circulation maritime dans la zone de protection marine de Tarium Niryutait faisant partie de lâestuaire du fleuve Mackenzie, dans lâouest de lâArctique canadien. Entre un et quatre enregistreurs acoustiques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©ployĂ©s de juin Ă aoĂ»t de chaque annĂ©e entre 2015 et 2018, Ă proximitĂ© du seul chenal de navigation de lâendroit. Nous avons examinĂ© les vocalisations des bĂ©lugas prĂ©levĂ©es Ă lâaide des enregistreurs acoustiques au cours de quatre Ă©tĂ©s, et Ă©valuĂ© en quoi la distance du bateau passant le plus prĂšs de lâenregistreur acoustique avait un effet sur le nombre de vocalisations. Les vocalisations des bĂ©lugas dans la zone de lâenregistreur acoustique diminuaient considĂ©rablement lorsque les bateaux se trouvaient Ă moins de cinq kilomĂštres de lâenregistreur. Ce rĂ©sultat suggĂšre soit que les bĂ©lugas Ă©vitent les bateaux, soit quâils rĂ©duisent leurs vocalisations en rĂ©ponse Ă la circulation maritime. Il y a lieu de pousser cette Ă©tude plus loin pour Ă©valuer exactement comment les bĂ©lugas rĂ©agissent Ă la circulation des bateaux dans cette rĂ©gion, et quelles sont les consĂ©quences Ă long terme de ces rĂ©actions. Il y a lieu aussi de considĂ©rer avec soin des mesures de gestion pour rĂ©duire ces incidences, surtout parce que les dĂ©placements de ces bateaux sont assujettis Ă de nombreuses restrictions et parce que grand nombre des bateaux qui passent par lĂ sont nĂ©cessaires Ă la subsistance des collectivitĂ©s de la rĂ©gion.
 
Creation of a cohort of French patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteitis : preliminary results
P67-phox (NCF2) Lacking Exons 11 and 12 Is Functionally Active and Leads to an Extremely Late Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
Two brothers in their fifties presented with a medical history of suspected fungal allergy, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, alveolitis, and invasive aspergillosis and pulmonary fistula, respectively. Eventually, after a delay of 50 years, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was diagnosed in the index patient. We found a new splice mutation in the NCF2 (p67-phox) gene, c.1000+2TâG, that led to several splice products one of which lacked exons 11 and 12. This deletion was in frame and allowed for remarkable residual NADPH oxidase activity as determined by transduction experiments using a retroviral vector. We conclude that p67-phox which lacks the 34 amino acids encoded by the two exons can still exert considerable functional activity. This activity can partially explain the long-term survival of the patients without adequate diagnosis and treatment, but could not prevent progressing lung damage
Th17 Cytokines and the Gut Mucosal Barrier
Local immune responses serve to contain infections by pathogens to the gut while preventing pathogen dissemination to systemic sites. Several subsets of T cells in the gut (T-helper 17 cells, γΎ T cells, natural killer (NK), and NK-T cells) contribute to the mucosal response to pathogens by secreting a subset of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-26. These cytokines induce the secretion of chemokines and antimicrobial proteins, thereby orchestrating the mucosal barrier against gastrointestinal pathogens. While the mucosal barrier prevents bacterial dissemination from the gut, it also promotes colonization by pathogens that are resistant to some of the inducible antimicrobial responses. In this review, we describe the contribution of Th17 cytokines to the gut mucosal barrier during bacterial infections
Anterior chest wall protrusion as initial presentation of chronic granulomatous disease: a case report
Juvenile idiopathic arthritides evaluated prospectively in a single center according to the Durban criteria.
Chronic arthritis in children represents a nonhomogeneous group of diseases with unknown etiology. To classify these patients in well defined diagnostic categories, a task force of the International League Against Rheumatism proposed a new classification with precise criteria. We analyzed the new criteria in children with chronic arthritis
The Underwater Soundscape of Minto Inlet, Northwest Territories, Canada
Passive acoustic monitoring is a powerful tool for observing soniferous species in remote marine environments over long periods of time, which can inform conservation planning and wildlife management. In this study, we collected seven months of passive acoustic data from early February to early September 2019 in Minto Inlet, Northwest Territories, Canada, to examine the seasonal presence of four species of marine mammals and unidentified fish species, examine drivers of underwater sound levels, and quantify underwater noise from vessel traffic. Bearded seals were vocally present from mid-March to early July. Ringed seals were present in every month. Beluga whales were present from early July until September. Bowhead whales were detected from April to August, and fish were detected from February to July. Underwater sound levels were dampened by the presence of landfast sea ice and increased with wind speed. Increased bearded seal calls also caused increased sound levels. The only vessel detected was the research vessel that recovered the acoustic recorder. Underwater sound levels were much lower in Minto Inlet compared to other areas in the region, and it appears to be an important site for many marine mammals where forage fish species, primarily Arctic cod, are abundant at depth. These results are in line with Minto Inlet being identified as an important area by the community of Ulukhaktok. At present, anthropogenic impact on this area appears to be very low, but further monitoring is required to determine if any management measures are necessary to maintain these low levels.La surveillance acoustique passive est un outil puissant pour observer les espĂšces sonifĂšres des milieux marins Ă©loignĂ©s sur de longues pĂ©riodes, ce qui permet dâĂ©clairer la gestion de la faune et la planification de la conservation. Dans le cadre de cette Ă©tude, nous avons recueilli des donnĂ©es acoustiques passives Ă©chelonnĂ©es sur sept mois, du dĂ©but de fĂ©vrier au dĂ©but de septembre 2019 Ă lâinlet Minto, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, au Canada, dans le but dâexaminer la prĂ©sence saisonniĂšre de quatre espĂšces de mammifĂšres marins et dâespĂšces de poissons non identifiĂ©es, de nous pencher sur les facteurs Ă la base des niveaux sonores sous-marins et de quantifier le bruit sous-marin Ă©manant de la circulation des navires. Le son des phoques barbus sâest fait entendre de la mi-mars au dĂ©but de juillet. Les phoques annelĂ©s Ă©taient prĂ©sents pendant chacun des mois. Les bĂ©lugas Ă©taient prĂ©sents du dĂ©but de juillet jusquâen septembre. Des baleines borĂ©ales ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©es dâavril Ă aoĂ»t, et des poissons ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©celĂ©s de fĂ©vrier Ă juillet. Les niveaux sonores sous-marins ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©touffĂ©s par la prĂ©sence de glace de rive rapide et se sont accrus avec la vitesse du vent. Lâintensification des vocalises du phoque barbu a Ă©galement eu pour effet dâaccroĂźtre les niveaux sonores. Le seul navire dĂ©tectĂ© a Ă©tĂ© le navire de recherche qui a rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ© lâenregistreur acoustique. Les niveaux sonores sous-marins Ă©taient nettement infĂ©rieurs dans lâinlet Minto comparativement aux autres zones de la rĂ©gion. Il semble quâil sâagisse dâun lieu privilĂ©giĂ© par de nombreux mammifĂšres marins et oĂč les espĂšces de poissons Ă fourrage, principalement la morue polaire, abondent en profondeur. Ces rĂ©sultats concordent avec la grande importance quâaccorde la communautĂ© dâUlukhaktok Ă lâinlet Minto. En ce moment, lâincidence anthropique sur cet endroit semble trĂšs faible, mais dâautres travaux de surveillance sâimposent afin de dĂ©terminer sâil y a lieu dâadopter des mesures de gestion pour maintenir ces faibles niveaux
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